{{Short description|Genus of snakes}} {{Italic title}} {{speciesbox | name = ''Hypoptophis'' | genus = Hypoptophis | parent_authority = Boulenger, 1908 | species = wilsonii | authority = Boulenger, 1908 | synonyms = *''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' <br>{{small|Boulenger, 1908}} *''Michellia katangae'' <br>{{small|L. Müller, 1911}} *''Hypoptophis wilsoni wilsoni'' <br>{{small|— de Witte & Laurent, 1947}} *''Hypoptophis wilsoni katangae'' <br>{{small|— de Witte & Laurent, 1947}} *''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' <br>{{small|— Broadley et al., 2003}} *''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' <br>{{small|— Wallach et al., 2014}} | synonyms_ref =<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Hypoptophis|species=wilsonii}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref> }}
:'''''Common names:''''' African bighead snake, wedge-snouted burrowing snake.<ref name=RDB/> '''''Hypoptophis''''' is a monotypic genus created for the rear-fanged (opisthoglyphous) mildly venomous snake species, '''''Hypoptophis wilsonii'''''. The species, which is endemic to Africa, is in the subfamily Aparallactinae of the family Atractaspididae. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=700184 |taxon=''Hypoptophis '' |accessdate=5 September 2007}}</ref>
==Geographic range== ''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' is found in Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), and Zambia.<ref name=RDB/>
The type locality is "Inkongo, on the Sankuru River, in the Kasai Province of the Congo".<ref name=Blgr1908>Boulenger GA (1908). "Description of Three new Snakes from Africa". ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Eighth Series'' '''2''': 93-94. (''Hypoptophis wilsonii'', new species).</ref>
==Description (diagnosis) of genus== The genus ''Hypoptophis'' exhibits the following characters. The maxilla is very short, with four teeth gradually increasing in size, followed, after an interspace, by two large grooved fangs situated below the eye. The anterior mandibular teeth are slightly enlarged. The head is small, not distinct from neck. The snout is much depressed, very prominent. The rostral is very large, with an obtuse horizontal edge, concave below. The eye is very small, with a vertically elliptic pupil. The nostril is pierced in a semidivided nasal. There is no loreal scale. There is one preocular, which is in contact with the nasal. The body is cylindrical. The tail is short. The dorsal scales are smooth, without pits, and arranged in 15 rows at midbody. The ventrals are rounded. The subcaudals are single (undivided).<ref name=Blgr1908/>
==Description of species== ''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' is completely blackish brown both dorsally and ventrally.
The holotype, a female, is {{convert|56|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length, of which {{convert|10|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} is tail.
The ventrals number 118. The anal plate is entire. The subcaudals number 36, and are also entire.
The portion of the rostral visible from above is as long as its distance from the frontal. The internasals are shorter than the prefrontals. The frontal is as long as broad, slightly more than twice as broad as the small supraocular. There are two postoculars, in contact with the anterior temporal. The temporals are arranged 1+1. There are seven upper labials, the third and fourth entering the eye. There are four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shield. The anterior chin shields are slightly longer than the posterior chin shields.<ref name=Blgr1908/>
==Reproduction== ''H. wilsonii'' is oviparous.<ref name=RDB/>
==Etymology== The specific name or epithet, ''wilsonii'', is in honor of "Mr. H. Wilson" (Rev. Henry Wilson, a missionary in the Congo), who presented the first specimen, which became the holotype, to the British Museum (Natural History).<ref name=Blgr1908/><ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Hypoptophis wilsonii'', p. 287).</ref>
==See also== *Snakebite
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *Photograph of holotype of ''Hypoptophis wilsonii'' (and other African venomous snakes). http://www.megasphera.cz/africanvenomoussnakes/_private/photo_snakes%20AFR.htm
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2710163}}
Category:Atractaspididae Category:Monotypic snake genera Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger Category:Southern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic