Hypericum socotranum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox | image = Hypericum socotranum.jpg | status = EN| status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Miller, A. |date=2006 |title=''Hypericum socotranum'' |volume=2006 |article-number=e.T62005A12574648 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T62005A12574648.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Hypericum | parent = Hypericum sect. Camplyosporus | species = socotranum | authority = R.D.Good | synonyms = *''Hypericum lanceolatum'' {{small|Balf.f.}} }}

'''''Hypericum socotranum''''' is a species of flowering plant in the Hypericaceae family which is endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen.<ref name="POWO" /> Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and rocky areas.<ref name="Robson 1985" />

== Description == The stem has internodes which are {{Cvt|4-16|mm|in|abbr=}} long. They are shorter than the leaves which are {{Cvt|12-24|mm|in|abbr=}} long and {{Cvt|5-10|mm|in|abbr=}} wide in an elliptic to oblanceolate shape. The leaves are acute or apiculate to obtuse and usually have one to three basal veins, though they can sometimes have five. Additionally, there are gland dots on the leaves which are visible on the dorsal surface.<ref name="Robson 1985" />

The inflorescence has only one flower with a pedicel that is {{Cvt|1-6|mm|in|abbr=}} long. The sepals are {{Cvt|5-6.5|mm|in|abbr=}} long and {{Cvt|2.5-3|mm|in|abbr=}} wide and are apiculate to obtuse. The flower petals are {{Cvt|15-30|mm|in|abbr=}} long and {{Cvt|9-15|mm|in|abbr=}} wide. The stamen fascicles are {{Cvt|8-12|mm|in|abbr=}} long. The ovary is ovoid-conic in shape, with coherent styles. The seed capsule measures {{Cvt|12-13|mm|in|abbr=}} long by {{Cvt|6-7|mm|in|abbr=}} wide.<ref name="Robson 1985" /> The pollen grains of the species are all tricolporate, meaning they have three grooves in a roughly triangular layout.<ref name="Clarke 1975" />

== Taxonomy ==

=== Infraspecifics ===

* '''''Hypericum socotranum'' subsp. ''smithii''''' {{small|N.Robson}} * '''''Hypericum socotranum'' subsp. ''socotranum'''''

== Ecology ==

=== Pollination === ''Hypericum socotranum'', unlike most ''Hypericum'' species, has no irregular pollen grains in its pollen makeup. Additionally, the species has a rather high rate of total fertility at over 90%; however, this high rate of fertility has not been proven to be correlated with the lack of irregular grains.<ref name="Clarke 1975" />

== Conservation == ''Hypericum socotranum'' was first assessed by the IUCN in 2004, and its assessment was updated in 2020. Both of these assessments by determined that the species was secure and of Least Concern to the organization. In Socotra, the species was widely observed in numerous habitats and had no perceivable environmental threats.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /> However, the subspecies ''socotranum'' is considered to be Endangered by the IUCN. The rationale behind this classification is the fact that there have only been two collections of the subspecies from a very restricted area, and the fact that the habitat of the species is particularly threatened by lower rainfall in the region due to climate change.<ref name="iucn2" />

== References == {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="POWO">{{Cite web|title=Hypericum socotranum R.D.Good {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:428614-1|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="Clarke 1975">{{Cite journal|last=Clarke|first=G. C. S.|date=1975|title=Irregular Pollen Grains in Some Hypericum Species|journal=Grana|volume=15|issue=1–3|pages=117–125|doi=10.1080/00173134.1975.11864626|issn=0017-3134|doi-access=free|bibcode=1975Grana..15..117C }}</ref>

<ref name="iucn2">{{Cite iucn | author = Miller, A. | title = ''Hypericum socotranum'' subsp. ''socotranum'' | volume = 2006 | article-number = e.T62005A12574648 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T62005A12574648.en }}</ref>

<ref name="Robson 1985">{{Cite journal|last=Robson|first=Norman K.B.|date=1985|title=Studies in the genus ''Hypericum'' {{small|L.}} (Guttiferae): 3. Sections: 1. ''Campylosporus'' to: 6a. ''Umbraculoides''.|journal=Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot.|volume=12}}</ref>

}}

socotranum Category:Endemic flora of Socotra Category:Least concern flora of Africa Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot