Hypericum patulum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the St John's wort family}} {{Speciesbox | image = Indian medicinal plants (Plate 101) (7824381440).jpg | image_caption = Botanical illustration of ''H.{{nbsp}}patulum'' (B) alongside ''H.{{nbsp}}perforatum'' (A) in Indian Medicinal Plants | parent = Hypericum sect. Ascyreia | genus = Hypericum | species = patulum | authority = Thunb. 1784 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="TPL"/><ref name="POWO"/> | synonyms = * ''Eremanthe patula'' (Thunb.) K.Koch * ''Hypericum argyi'' H.Lév. & Vaniot * ''H. oblongigolium'' Wall. * ''H. pseudopatulum'' Auct. * ''Komana patula'' (Thunb.) Y.Kimura * ''Norysca patula'' (Thunb.) Voigt }}

'''''Hypericum patulum''''', known as '''goldencup St. John's wort''' or '''yellow mosqueta''', is a species of flowering plant in ''Hypericum'' sect. ''Ascyreia''.

== Taxonomy == ''Hypericum patulum'' was originally described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1784. It was first published in Systema Vegetabilium later that year by Johan Andreas Murray.<ref name="IPNI"/>

The species has a sporophytic and gametopythic chromosome count of 18 each.<ref name="Wlliams 1984"/><ref name="Sanger 1965"/>

=== Subordinate taxa === ''Hypericum patulum'' has 5 accepted variants as subordinate taxa:<ref name="Tropicos"/> * ''H. patulum'' var. ''attenuatum'' Choisy 1824 * ''H. patulum'' var. ''forrestii'' Chitt. 1923 * ''H. patulum'' var. ''henryi '' Bean 1905 * ''H. patulum'' var. ''hookerianum '' (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze 1891 * ''H. patulum ''var. ''uralum'' (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Koehne 1893

=== Cultivars === ''Hypericum patulum'' is cultivated as a garden plant under the name ''Hypericum'' 'Hidcote' or ''Hypericum'' x ''hidcoteense'' 'Hidcote'. It is grown for its large, bright flowers and its attractiveness to pollinators such as bees and small birds.<ref name="RHS"/>

== Distribution and habitat == The species is native only to the Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of China, but it has been naturalized in Japan, Taiwan, and India, as well as in Australia and South Africa. The species is also widely cultivated for garden use in temperate regions.<ref name="GRIN"/><ref name="POWO"/>

The species is found at elevations of {{Convert|1200-3600|m|ft|sp=us}}<ref name="EOL"/> in dry and open habitats, especially in thickets, on scrubby slopes, and on cliffs.<ref name="MySpecies"/>

== Description == Plants of the species are shrubs that grow from {{Convert|0.3-1.5|m|ft|1|sp=us}} tall. They grow in a bushy fashion, with spreading branches that are sometimes weakly frondose. The stems are 4-lined or 4-angled when the plant is young but later become 2-lined, and sometimes become terete. The leaves are thick and paper-like and are rather glaucous, with short laminar glands, streaks, and dots. Its inflorescence is 1–15-flowered that blossom from 1 or 2 nodes. The flowers are flat-topped, and sometimes have a short terminal internode and branches that come from the middle of the stem. The petals are a golden yellow color, without any tinge of red. The stamen fascicles, each with 50–70 stamens, grow to be up to 7–12 mm, and are about half as long as the petals. The seeds are dark brown and grow from 1–1.2 millimeters long.<ref name="eFloras"/>

== Gallery == <gallery> (MHNT) Hypericum patulum - Habitus.jpg|Habit (MHNT) Hypericum patulum - flower.jpg|Flower Hypericum 'Hidcote' J1.jpg|Hypericum 'Hidcote' cultivar Hypericum patulum Dziurawiec rozpierzchły 2017-10-15 02.jpg|In fruit Hypericum patulum 1.JPG|Whole in fruit </gallery>

== References == {{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="TPL"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2858661|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15}} </ref>

<ref name="IPNI"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=927423-1|title=IPNI Plant Name Details|website=www.ipni.org|access-date=2018-11-15}} </ref>

<ref name="Wlliams 1984"> {{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Margot|last2=Dudley|first2=T. R.|date=1984|title=Chromosome Count for ''Hippeastrum iguazuanum''|journal=Taxon|volume=33|issue=2|pages=271|doi=10.2307/1221167|issn=0040-0262|jstor=1221167|bibcode=1984Taxon..33..271W }} </ref>

<ref name="Sanger 1965"> {{Cite journal|last=Sanger|first=Ruth|title=Genes on the X Chromosome|date=1965|journal=Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology|volume=7|issue=2|pages=179–188|doi=10.1139/g65-027|pmid=14324862|issn=0008-4093}} </ref>

<ref name="Tropicos"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/7800880|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=www.tropicos.org|access-date=2018-11-15}} </ref>

<ref name="GRIN"> {{Cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=19598|title=Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.3.6|website=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|access-date=2018-11-15}} </ref>

<ref name="POWO"> {{Cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927423-1|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb.|website=Plants of the World Online|access-date=2018-11-16}} </ref>

<ref name="EOL"> {{Cite web|url=http://eol.org/pages/2889790/details|title=''Hypericum patulum'' {{!}} Goldencup St. John's Wort|website=Encyclopedia of Life|access-date=2018-11-16}} </ref>

<ref name="eFloras"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014235|title=''Hypericum patulum'' in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org|access-date=2018-11-16}} </ref>

<ref name="MySpecies"> {{Cite web|url=http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/596|title=''Hypericum patulum'' Thunb. Nomenclature|website=hypericum.myspecies.info|language=en|access-date=2018-11-16}} </ref>

<ref name="RHS"> {{Cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/332180/Hypericum-x-hidcoteense-Hidcote/Details|title=''Hypericum'' x ''hicoteense''|website=Royal Horticultural Society|access-date=2018-11-16}} </ref>

}}

patulum Category:Flora of Asia Category:Plants described in 1784