Hypericum frondosum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the St John's wort family}} {{Speciesbox | image = Hypericum aureum 139-8498 edit.png | image_caption = Illustration from ''Curtis's Botanical Magazine'' (1913) | genus = Hypericum | display_parents = 2 | parent = Hypericum subsect. Centrosperma | species = frondosum | authority = Michx. | synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo/> | synonyms = {{Species list |Brathydium aureum |K.Koch |Brathydium rugelianum |(Kunze) K.Koch |Hypericum amoenum |Pursh |Hypericum aureum |W.Bartram |Hypericum rugelianum |Kunze |Hypericum splendens |Small }} }}

'''''Hypericum frondosum''''', the '''cedarglade St. Johnswort''' or '''golden St. John's wort''', is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae.<ref name=powo/><ref name=usda/><ref name=fna/> It is native to the central and southeastern United States in dry, rocky habitats.

==Description== It is a medium-sized shrub, growing {{convert|0.6|–|3|m|ft|sp=us}} in height with a highly-branching form. The stems are green when young, becoming reddish brown and peeling or plating with age. The opposite leaves are sessile, up to {{cvt|65|mm}} long and {{cvt|22|mm}} across with an oblong to lanceolate shape. The flowerheads have up to seven golden yellow flowers, each {{cvt|25–45|mm}} in diameter with five petals.<ref name=hyp/> It flowers between late May and August.<ref name=weakley2018/> Each flower has numerous stamens (up to 650) and three-parted ovaries which, at maturity, form an ovoid capsule and blackish-brown seeds.<ref name=hyp/>

{{Gallery |Hypericum frondosum Cedar glade st. johnswort.JPG|In Tennessee }}

==Distribution and habitat== Cedarglade St. Johnswort is found in the southeastern and central United States, from North Carolina to Florida, west to Texas. It occurs in dry, rocky areas such as cedar glades, rocky woodlands, and also in dry, disturbed areas.<ref name=weakley2018/> It has been introduced further north, including New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.<ref name=powo/> Records from South Carolina and Virginia may be misidentifications of ''Hypericum prolificum'', another species in the subsection ''Centrosperma'' (section ''Myriandra'').<ref name=fna/><ref name=hyp/>

==Taxonomy== It was first formally described as ''Hypericum aureum'' in 1790 by William Bartram, though this name was an illegitimate homonym of an Asian St. Johnswort species published the year before.<ref name=ipni433224-1/> It was renamed several times, with its current name, ''Hypericum frondosum'' originating in 1803 by André Michaux in his ''Flora Boreali-Americana''.<ref name=ipni/>

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=fna>{{eFloras|1|250100843|volume=6|Hypericum frondosum |last=Robson |first=Norman K. B. |accessdate=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=hyp>{{Cite web |url=http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/908/descriptions |title=''Hypericum frondosum'' Descriptions |website=hypericum.myspecies.info |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=ipni>{{cite web |title=''Hypericum frondosum'' Michx.|url=http://beta.ipni.org/n/433443-1|website=ipni.org |publisher=International Plant Names Index|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=ipni433224-1>{{cite web |title=''Hypericum aureum'' W.Bartram|url=http://beta.ipni.org/n/433224-1|website=ipni.org |publisher=International Plant Names Index|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=powo>{{cite web|title=''Hypericum frondosum'' Michx.|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:433443-1|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=usda>{{PLANTS |id=HYFR |taxon=Hypericum frondosum |accessdate=14 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name=weakley2018>{{citation |last=Weakley |first=Alan S. |author-link=Alan S. Weakley |title=Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States, working draft of 20 August 2018 |date=2018 |publisher=University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref> }}

frondosum Category:Plants described in 1803 Category:Flora of Northern America Category:Taxa named by André Michaux