Hydrophyllaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Hydrophyllum occidentale.jpg |image_caption = ''Hydrophyllum occidentale'' |taxon = Hydrophyllaceae |authority = R.Br., nom. cons.<ref name=WFO_7000001199/> |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = See text. }}

'''Hydrophyllaceae''' is a family in the flowering plant order Boraginales.<ref name=WFO_7000001199>{{Cite WFO |title=Hydrophyllaceae R.Br. |id=7000001199 |access-date=2025-12-22}}</ref> Its taxonomic position has varied; it has also been treated as the subfamily '''Hydrophylloideae''' of the family Boraginaceae ''sensu lato''.

==Description== Plants in the family may be annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, with either a prostrate or an erect stem. Most have a taproot. The flowers are bisexual, and normally radial, with 5 petals and 5 stamens.{{cn|date=January 2023}}

==Taxonomy== Traditionally, and under the Cronquist system, the taxon was given family rank under the name Hydrophyllaceae, and treated as part of the order Solanales. The family takes its name from the genus ''Hydrophyllum'' (waterleaf). Later systems recognised a close relationship to the borage family, Boraginaceae, initially by placing Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae together in an order Boraginales.<ref>e.g. Gottschling, M., Hilger, H.H., Wolf, M. & Diane, N. (2001). Secondary structure of the ITS1 transcript and its application in a reconstruction of the phylogeny of Boraginales. ''Pl. Biol.'' 3: 629–636.</ref> In the 2016 APG IV system, Hydrophyllaceae was included in Boraginaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} |doi-access=free}}</ref> Following the publication of APG IV, a collaborative group along similar lines to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, the Boraginales Working Group (BWG),<ref name=BWG19>{{cite web |title=Boraginales Working Group |date=2019 |url=http://boraginales.myspecies.info/ |access-date=2025-12-22 }}</ref> published an alternative taxonomy based on the phylogenetic relationships within the Boraginaceae ''s.l.''<ref name=BWG16>{{cite journal |last1=Luebert |first1=Federico |last2=Cecchi |first2=Lorenzo |last3=Frohlich |first3=Michael W. |last4=Gottschling |first4=Marc |last5=Guilliams |first5=C. Matt |last6=Hasenstab-Lehman |first6=Kristen E. |last7=Hilger |first7=Hartmut H. |last8=Miller |first8=James S. |last9=Mittelbach |first9=Moritz |last10=Nazaire |first10=Mare |last11=Nepi |first11=Massimo |last12=Nocentini |first12=Daniele |last13=Ober |first13=Dietrich |last14=Olmstead |first14=Richard G. |last15=Selvi |first15=Federico |last16=Simpson |first16=Michael G. |last17=Sutorý |first17=Karel |last18=Valdés |first18=Benito |last19=Walden |first19=Genevieve K. |last20=Weigend |first20=Maximilian |title=Boraginales Working Group: Familial classification of the Boraginales |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304454062 |journal=Taxon |date=24 June 2016 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=502–522 |doi=10.12705/653.5 |hdl=2158/1062790 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> This classification split the order into eleven families, including Hydrophyllaceae,<ref name=BWG16/> and {{As of|2025|December|lc=yes}} was accepted by many taxonomic sources, including World Flora Online<ref name=WFO_7000001199/> and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.<ref name=APweb_Hydrophyllaceae>Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/genera/Hydrophyllaceaegen.html "List of Genera in Hydrophyllaceae"]. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2025-12-22.</ref>

===Genera=== {{As of|2025|December}}, the World Flora Online accepted 11 genera:<ref name=WFO_7000001199/> * ''Draperia'' Torr. * ''Ellisia'' L. * ''Emmenanthe'' Benth. * ''Eucrypta'' Nutt. * ''Hesperochiron'' S.Wats. * ''Hydrophyllum'' L. * ''Nemophila'' Nutt. * ''Phacelia'' Juss. * ''Pholistoma'' Lilja * ''Romanzoffia'' Cham. * ''Tricardia'' Torr. ex S.Watson

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links==

Category:Hydrophyllaceae Category:Asterid families