Hydnangiaceae

{{Short description|Family of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Violett. Lacktr..JPG | image_caption = ''Laccaria amethystina'' | taxon = Hydnangiaceae | authority = Gäum. & C.W.Dodge (1928) | type_genus = ''Hydnangium'' | type_genus_authority = Wallr. (1839) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Hydnangium''<br> ''Laccaria''<br> ''Maccagnia''<br> ''Podohydnangium'' }}

The '''Hydnangiaceae''' are a family of fungi in the mushroom order Agaricales. Widespread in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains about 30 species in four genera.<ref name="Matheny 2006"/> Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous forests.<ref name="Cannon 2007"/>

==Description== They may have fruit bodies with stipes and caps (pileate-stipiate), or gasteroid (with internal spore production, like puffballs). When pileate, the cap is smooth to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color. The gills are widely spaced, thick, and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills).

== Distribution and habitat == Hydnangiaceae taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical zones.<ref name="Mueller 1997"/>

==Ecology==

Hydnangiaceae species are ectomycorrhizal, forming symbiotic relationships with various plant species, and have an important role in forest ecosystems.<ref name="Mueller 1992"/><ref name="Roy 2008"/>

==Genera== *''Hydnangium'' has hypogeal fruit bodies like truffles, with no stipe, nor a columella.<ref name="Dodge 1936"/> *''Laccaria'' has 'typical' mushroom-shaped (pileate-stipiate) fruit bodies. *''Maccagnia'' is a poorly known gasteroid genus containing a single species from Italy.<ref name="Singer 1959"/> *''Podohydnangium'' has subepigeal fruit bodies, with partially exposed gleba at the base and a stipe columnella.<ref name="Beaton 1984"/>

==See also== *List of Agaricales families

==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="Beaton 1984">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beaton G, Pegler DN, Young TW | title=Gasteroid Basidiomycota of Victoria State, Australia. I. ''Hydnangiaceae'' | journal=Kew Bulletin | volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=499–508 |year=1984 |doi=10.2307/4108593| jstor=4108593 | bibcode=1984KewBu..39..499B }}</ref>

<ref name="Mueller 1992">{{cite journal |author=Mueller GM. |title=Systematics of ''Laccaria'' (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types |journal=Fieldiana: Botany |series=New Series |volume=30 |pages=1–158}}</ref>

<ref name="Mueller 1997">{{cite journal |author=Mueller GM. |title=Distribution and species composition of ''Laccaria (Agaricales)'' in tropical and subtropical America |journal=Revista de Biología Tropical |year=1997 |volume=44 |pages=131–135}}</ref>

<ref name="Matheny 2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, etal |title=Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview |journal=Mycologia |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=982–995 |year=2006 |pmid=17486974 |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982 |url=https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=349&content=PDF |url-access=subscription }}{{dead link|date=June 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

<ref name="Dodge 1936">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dodge CW, Zeller SM |title=''Hydnangium'' and related genera |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |jstor=2394151 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=565–598 |year=1936 | doi = 10.2307/2394151 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/4084 }}</ref>

<ref name="Roy 2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy M, Dubois MP, Proffit M, Vincenot L, Desmarais E, Selosse MA |year=2008 |title=Evidence from population genetics that the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete ''Laccaria amethystina'' is an actual multihost symbiont |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=2825–2838 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03790.x |pmid=18489549|bibcode=2008MolEc..17.2825R |s2cid=205360939 }}</ref>

<ref name="Singer 1959">{{cite journal |author=Singer R. |title=Type Studies on Basidiomycetes IX: ''Maccagnia carnica'' | url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/index.htm |journal=Sydowia |volume=13 |pages=235–238 |year=1959}}</ref>

<ref name="Cannon 2007">{{cite book |vauthors=Cannon PF, Kirk PM |title=Fungal Families of the World |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2007 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-85199-827-5}}</ref> }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1933471}}

Category:Hydnangiaceae Category:Agaricales families Category:Taxa named by Carroll William Dodge Category:Taxa described in 1928