Hydaburg, Alaska

{{short description|City in Alaska, U.S.}} {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Hydaburg | native_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = USA Alaska | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Alaska  | coordinates = {{coord|55|12|17|N|132|49|15|W|region:US-AK_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Alaska | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Incorporated | established_date = October 4, 1927<ref name=ALG74/> | government_type =  | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Anthony Christianson<ref>{{Cite book|title=2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League|year=2015|page=77}}</ref> | leader_title1 = State senator | leader_name1 = Bert Stedman (R) | leader_title2 = State rep. | leader_name2 = Rebecca Himschoot (I) | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 0.76 | area_total_sq_mi = 0.29 | area_land_km2 = 0.76 | area_land_sq_mi = 0.29 | area_water_km2 = 0.01 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.00  | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 7 | elevation_ft = 23 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 380 | population_as_of = 2020 | pop_est_footnotes = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_density_km2 = 502.92 | population_density_sq_mi = 1301.37  | timezone = Alaska (AKST) | utc_offset = -9 | timezone_DST = AKDT | utc_offset_DST = -8 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 99922 | area_code = 907 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = {{FIPS|02|34460}} | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = {{GNIS4|1422709}}, {{GNIS4|2419401}} | website = }}

'''Hydaburg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|d|ə|b|ɜr|ɡ}} {{respell|HY|də|burg}})<ref name=CRA> {{cite web |url=http://commerce.alaska.gov/cra/DCRAExternal/community/Details/bdc1808a-7ebe-489d-864d-2bc1ac07bd88 |title=Hydaburg |publisher=Division of Community and Regional Affairs, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development |access-date=June 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228043521/http://commerce.alaska.gov/cra/DCRAExternal/community/Details/bdc1808a-7ebe-489d-864d-2bc1ac07bd88 |archive-date=February 28, 2014 }} </ref> ({{langx|hai|Higdáa G̱ándlaay}}) is a first-class<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf |title=Alaska Taxable 2011: Municipal Taxation - Rates and Policies |publisher=Division of Community and Regional Affairs, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development |date=January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425132818/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf |archive-date=April 25, 2013 }} </ref> city<ref name="2010 Census"> {{cite web | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0234460 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212111428/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0234460 | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 12, 2020 | title = Hydaburg city, Alaska | work = Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data | publisher = United States Census Bureau | access-date = January 22, 2013 }} </ref> in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, Hydaburg had a population of 380.<ref name="Census2020PLLede">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N&for=place%3A34460&in=state%3A02|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=February 4, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref>

The name "Hydaburg" refers to the Haida people,<ref name="Bright2004">{{cite book|last=Bright|first=William|author-link=William O. Bright|title=Native American Placenames of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA176|access-date=June 12, 2013|year=2004|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3598-4|page=176}}</ref> and Hydaburg is the headquartered of the Hydaburg Cooperative Association, a federally recognized Alaska Native tribe. ==Geography== Hydaburg is located at {{coord|55|12|17|N|132|49|15|W|type:city}} (55.204699, -132.820859).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is the southernmost city on Prince of Wales Island. Hydaburg is located on the north shore of Sukkwan Strait, which connects to Cordova Bay through Hetta Inlet. It has the only port facility and public road access on Cordova Bay.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|0.3|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==History== Hydaburg was formed in 1911 by consolidation of the three Haida villages on Cordova Bay. These villages were Howkan on the west coast of Long Island, Sukkwan at the northern end of Sukkwan Island, across Sukkwan Strait from Hydaburg, and Klinkwan on Prince of Wales Island at the mouth of Hunter Bay.<ref>Le Cornu, Adrian (1996) [https://books.google.com/books?id=o-BNU7QuJkYC&dq=Le+Cornu+Adrian+Haida&pg=PA228 "Haida"]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in Frederick E. Hoxie, ed. ''Encyclopedia of North American Indians'' pp 227–228. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt {{ISBN|978-0-395-66921-1}}</ref><ref>van den Brink, J.H. (1974) [https://books.google.com/books?id=9PwUAAAAIAAJ&dq=Klinkwan+Hydaburg+Brill&pg=PA226 ''The Haida Indians: cultural change mainly between 1876-1970''] Brill Archive. pp 226–228.</ref> The location was chosen because it had a reliable water supply.<ref name=Blackman/> The town was incorporated in 1927.<ref name=ALG74>{{cite journal|title=Directory of Borough and City Officials 1974|journal=Alaska Local Government|volume=XIII|issue=2|page=42|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs|date=January 1974}}</ref><ref name=Blackman/> The Hydaburg Cooperative Association was established in 1938 shortly after the Indian Reorganization Act was extended to Alaska in 1936, supplanting the municipal government. It was the first IRA-recognized Village Council in Alaska. Residents petitioned to be granted an Indian Reservation as a way of securing their rights to the surrounding land. The area had previously been designated as the Hydaburg Indian Reservation from 1912 to 1926 but had been returned to the Tongass National Forest at community request in 1926. The Hydaburg Indian Reservation was established under the Indian Reorganization Act in 1949 but was invalidated by a US District Court decision in 1952.<ref name=Blackman>Blackman, Margaret B. (1990) [https://books.google.com/books?id=M7KRhRt3i2cC&q=Haida Haida, Traditional Cultures.] Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution Government Printing Office, Washington pp240-260</ref><ref>[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol7/html_files/Images/v7p1495.jpg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610202438/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol7/html_files/Images/v7p1495.jpg |date=June 10, 2015 }} Federal Register 1955 "Notice of invalidation"</ref><ref>NOAA [http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/publications/afsc-tm/noaa-tm-afsc-160/communities/hydaburg.pdf Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries – Alaska/South East Alaska/Hydaburg]</ref>

Hydaburg was designated as a second-class City in the late 1960s and became a first-class city in 1973.<ref>[http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/plans/Hydaburg-GCP-2002.pdf Hydaburg Community Action Plan 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610200215/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/plans/Hydaburg-GCP-2002.pdf |date=June 10, 2015 }} (slow download, may hang, use new tab if possible)</ref> The Hydaburg Cooperative Association remains as the federally recognized tribe, while the Haida Corporation is the village corporation under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.<ref name=CRA />

==Demographics== {{US Census population |1920= 346 |1930= 319 |1940= 348 |1950= 353 |1960= 251 |1970= 214 |1980= 298 |1990= 384 |2000= 382 |2010= 376 |2020= 380 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> | align = right | align-fn = center }} Hydaburg first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1927.

===2020 census===

As of the 2020 census, Hydaburg had a population of 380. The median age was 36.2 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.8% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 130.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 127.5 males age 18 and over.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME%2CDP1_0021P%2CDP1_0024P%2CDP1_0025C%2CDP1_0049C%2CDP1_0045C%2CDP1_0069C%2CDP1_0073C%2CDP1_0125P%2CDP1_0126P%2CDP1_0129P%2CDP1_0133P%2CDP1_0137P%2CDP1_0138P%2CDP1_0139P%2CDP1_0141P%2CDP1_0142P%2CDP1_0143P%2CDP1_0145P%2CDP1_0146P%2CDP1_0147C%2CDP1_0148C%2CDP1_0149C%2CDP1_0156C%2CDP1_0157C%2CDP1_0158C%2CDP1_0159P%2CDP1_0160P&for=place%3A34460&in=state%3A02|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=February 28, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL"/>

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME%2CP2_002N%2CP2_003N&for=place%3A34460&in=state%3A02|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2023|access-date=February 28, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref>

There were 138 households in Hydaburg, of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 33.3% were married-couple households, 29.0% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 26.1% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

There were 145 housing units, of which 4.8% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

{| class="wikitable" |+ Racial composition as of the 2020 census<ref name="Census2020PL">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N%2CP1_003N%2CP1_004N%2CP1_005N%2CP1_006N%2CP1_007N%2CP1_008N%2CP1_009N%2CP2_001N%2CP2_002N%2CH1_001N%2CH1_002N&for=place%3A34460&in=state%3A02|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=February 28, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref> ! Race !! Number !! Percent |- | White || 27 || 7.1% |- | Black or African American || 2 || 0.5% |- | American Indian and Alaska Native || 318 || 83.7% |- | Asian || 1 || 0.3% |- | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander || 12 || 3.2% |- | Some other race || 1 || 0.3% |- | Two or more races || 19 || 5.0% |- | ''Hispanic or Latino (of any race)'' || 13 || 3.4% |}

===2000 census===

As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 382 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,340.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 154 housing units at an average density of {{convert|540.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 85.08% Native American, 9.42% White, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.52% Asian, and 4.45% from two or more races.

There were 133 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.60.

In the city the population was spread out, with 35.10% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,625, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $41,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,401. About 21.4% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over. ==See also== *Hydaburg Totem Park

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * Dombrowski, Kirk (2001) ''Against Culture: Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

==External links== * [https://discoverpowisland.com/communities/hydaburg/ Visit Hydaburg, Alaska], Discover Prince of Wales Island * [https://hcatribe.org/ Hydaburg Cooperative Association], federally recognized Haida tribe

Category:Cities in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska Category:Haida villages Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean Category:Cities in Alaska