{{Short description|Chinese noble house}} {{distinguish|Hu Yan|Huayan}} {{see|Hu (surname)}} {{Infobox surname | name = Huyan | image = 呼延姓 - 楷体.svg | image_size =80px | caption = Huyan in regular script | pronunciation = Hūyǎn (Pinyin) | language = Chinese | languageorigin = Xiongnu language | origin = | derivation = name of the earliest matrilineal ancestor of the Huyan clan | meaning = | variant = | cognate = | derivative = | seealso = | family = }} The '''Huyan''' ({{zh|c=呼延|w=Hu-yen}}; LHC: *''ha<sup>(C)</sup>-jan''<ref>Schuessler, Axel. (2007). ''ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese''. University of Hawaii Press.. p. 280, 553</ref> < Old Chinese (~200 BCE): *''hɑ-jan<sup>H/B</sup>''<ref>Schuessler, Axel (2014) "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" in ''Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text''. Series: Language and Linguistics Monograph. Issue 53. p. 270 of 249-292</ref>) was a noble house that led the last remnants of the Northern Xiongnu to Dzungaria in the second century after the Battle of the Altai Mountains.
The House of Huyan emerged during the political organization that came under Modu's reign which saw the Xiongnu reach its apogee.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, 2nd Ed|last=Ebrey|first=Patricia Buckley|date=1981|publisher=The Free Press|isbn=002908752X|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinesecivilizat00patr/page/55 55]|url=https://archive.org/details/chinesecivilizat00patr/page/55}}</ref> It is an earlier maternal lineage name subsequently replaced by Xubu, much as the Ashina and Yujiulu.<ref name="lin">Lin (1986), p. 33–45, 114-119</ref><ref name="wang">Wang (2004), p. 132–147,</ref><ref>Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, p. 15 ( note 1: ''Huyan'' and ''Xubu'' always were in marital relationship with the ''Chanyu''. ''Xubu'' had a post of the State Judge. The custom of taking for the Khan maidens only from the same houses also survived in the Chingis-khan's house.)</ref> The Mongol Khiyad tribe's name is probably derived from Huyan.<ref>History of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 2003</ref>
By the 3rd century BCE, the upper stratum of the Xiongnu was made up of five aristocratic houses, Luandi (house of the chanyu and the tuqi king of the east and west), Huyan, Xubu, Qiulin and Lan. Both the Huyan and Xubu settled in the east, Qiulin and Lan in the west and Luandi in modern-day central Mongolia.<ref name="lin" /><ref name="wang">Wang (2004), p. 132–147,</ref><ref>Gumilev L.N., "Hunnu in China", Moscow, 'Science', 1974</ref>
Around the first century BCE, a supreme administrative council dominated the upper Xiongnu hierarchy and this was composed of six top-ranking nobles, which included the "Rizhu kings" of the Left and Right.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Huns|last=Kim|first=Hyun Jin|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781138841710|location=Oxon|pages=14}}</ref> These titles were later transferred to the Huyan clan, which became influential due its close relationship with the royal family by way of marriage.<ref name=":0" />
Historical record also cited a Huyan tribe called Barkol, which attacked and demolished the Yiwu garrison of the Han dynasty in 151.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Volume 5|last1=Schellinger|first1=Paul|last2=Salkin|first2=Robert|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1884964046|location=Oxon|pages=321}}</ref>
==Prominent people with family name Huyan==
* Empress Huyan, wife of Han-Zhao's founding emperor, Liu Yuan * Empress Huyan, wife of Liu Yuan's son, Liu Cong, the fourth emperor of Han-Zhao * Empress Huyan, wife of Murong Chao, emperor of the Southern Yan *Huyan Yan, general and minister of Han-Zhao * Huyan Zan, general of the Song dynasty (d. 1000) * Huyan Zhuo, fictitious descendant of Huyan Zan in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels
==Notes== {{reflist}}
==References== *Lin, Gan (1986). ''A Comprehensive History of Xiongnu''. Beijing: People's Press. CN / K289. *Wang, Zhonghan (2004). ''Outlines of Ethnic Groups in China''. Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press. {{ISBN|7-5440-2660-4}}. *Gumilev L.N., "Hunnu in China", Moscow, 'Science', 1974, {{ISBN|5-85990-092-9}}
Category:Chinese-language surnames Category:Han dynasty Category:Xiongnu Category:Individual Chinese surnames
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