{{Short description|Indonesian diplomat and music composer}} {{Infobox ambassador | honorific_prefix = [[Major (rank)|Major]] | name = Husein Mutahar | honorific_suffix = | image = H. Mutahar.jpg | caption = Mutahar on his [[Indonesian Scouting|scout]] outfit in 1998 | order = 6th | ambassador_from = Indonesia | country = Vatican | term_start = 1969 | term_end = 1973 | predecessor = [[:id:Mohammad Nazir|Mohammad Nazir]] | successor = Subagio Surjaningrat | native_name = حسين مطهر | native_name_lang = ar | birth_name = Muhammad Husein | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|08|05|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Semarang]], [[Dutch East Indies]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|06|09|1916|08|05|df=y}} | death_place = [[Kebayoran Baru]], [[South Jakarta]], [[Jakarta]], Indonesia | spouse = | party = | known_for = Founder of [[Paskibraka]] | children = | resting_place = [[Jeruk Purut Cemetery]]<ref name=:'Kemenpora'>{{cite web |last=Amr |url=http://kemenpora.go.id/index/preview/berita/8936 |date=4 August 2014 |title=Ziarah ke Makam Husein Mutahar, Pendiri Paskibraka |trans-title=Pilgrimage to the Tomb of Husein Mutahar, Founder of Paskibraka |website=Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia official website |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180324180457/http://kemenpora.go.id/index/preview/berita/8936 |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | alma_mater = {{plainlist| * [[Europeesche Lagere School]] * [[Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs]] * [[Algemene Middelbare School]] * [[Gadjah Mada University]] }} | occupation = {{hlist|[[Indonesian Army]]|[[composer]]|[[diplomat]]}} | profession = | blank1 = Other name | data1 = H. Mutahar | blank2 = [[Ethnicity]] | data2 = [[Arab Indonesians|Arab Indonesian]] | relations = | parents = Salim Mutahar (father) | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Indonesia}} | service_years = | rank = [[File:Mayor pdh al.png|20px]] Major | branch = [[File:Insignia of the Indonesian Navy.svg|20px]] [[Indonesian Navy]] | unit = | awards = [[File:Bintang gerilya.gif|15px]] [[:id:Bintang Gerilya|Bintang Gerilya]]<br>[[File:Mahaputra Pratama.gif|15px]] [[:id:Bintang Mahaputra Pratama|Bintang Mahaputra Pratama]] | battles = [[:id:Pertempuran Lima Hari|Battle of Five Days]]<br>[[Indonesian National Revolution]] }} [[Major (rank)|Major]] '''Muhammad Husein Mutahar''' ({{langx|ar| محمّد حسين مطهر |Muḥammad Ḥusayn Muṭahar}}; full name: ({{langx|ar|سيد محمّد حسين بن سليم بن أحمد بن سليم المطهر| Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn bin Salīm bin ʾaḥmad bin Salīm al-Muṭahar}}); 5 August 1916 – 9 June 2004) was the founder of [[Paskibraka]], a [[youth]] organization in [[Indonesia]] which has the main task for raising and lowering the [[Bendera Pusaka|heirloom national flag of Indonesia]] (now duplicate) in ceremonies commemorating the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|independence day of Indonesia]] (17 August).<ref name=:'Paskibraka'>{{cite magazine |last=Azram |first=Syaiful |date=21 June 2007 |title=Husein Mutahar: Bapak Paskibraka! |trans-title=Husein Mutahar: Founding Father of Paskibraka! |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |magazine=Bulletin Paskibraka '78 |page=3 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Paguyuban Paskibraka 1978 |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324194111/https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}</ref> Mutahar was also an Indonesian music [[composer]], especially for national songs and children's songs.{{sfn|Gunawan, 2007|p=173}} As a composer, he was better known as '''H. Mutahar''' as his abbreviation name.{{sfn|Gunawan, 2007|p=173}} In addition, as a [[diplomat]] Mutahar was once served as [[List of Indonesian ambassadors|Indonesian ambassador]] to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] in 1969 to 1973.<ref name=:'Vatican'>{{cite web |url=https://www.kemlu.go.id/vatican/id/Pages/Vatican.aspx |title=Vatikan |trans-title=Vatican |location=Vatican City |publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Vatican; [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324175856/https://www.kemlu.go.id/vatican/id/Pages/Vatican.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 }}</ref>
==Biography== ===Early life=== Husein Mutahar was born in [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]] on 5 August 1916.<ref name=:'RH'>{{cite magazine |last=Official |date=21 June 2007 |title=Riwayat Hidup Husein Mutahar |trans-title=Curriculum Vitae of Husein Mutahar |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |magazine=Bulletin Paskibraka '78 |page=7 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Paguyuban Paskibraka 1978 |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324194111/https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}</ref> Mutahar came from al-Muṭahar clan of the family of [[Ba 'Alawi sada]], his father was named [[Sayyid]] Salim bin Ahmad bin Salim al-Mutahar.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nurcholis |url=https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1033114/29/ketika-h-muthahar-menyelamatkan-bendera-pusaka-1439546224 |date=16 August 2015 |title=Ketika H. Muthahar Menyelamatkan Bendera Pusaka |trans-title=When H. Muthahar Saved the Heritage Flag |website=[[Koran Sindo|Sindonews.com]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180325180833/https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1033114/29/ketika-h-muthahar-menyelamatkan-bendera-pusaka-1439546224 |archive-date=25 March 2018 |access-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Education=== Mutahar went to elementary school at [[Europeesche Lagere School]] for seven years. While studying at the ELS, in addition to studying general knowledge at school, he also concurrently studied the [[Quran]] with a female teacher named Encik Nur.<ref name=:'RH' /> After graduating, he then went to middle school in [[Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs]] while concurrently studying religious knowledge with [[Kyai]] Saleh in [[Semarang]]. After three years, he went to high school at [[Algemene Middelbare School]] and majored in Eastern Literature, especially [[Malay language]], in [[Yogyakarta]].<ref name=:'Jakarta'>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Official |encyclopedia=[[:id:Ensiklopedi Jakarta|Ensiklopedi Jakarta: Culture & Heritage]] |isbn=9789798682490 |volume=3 |title=Mutahar, H |trans-title=Mutahar, H |url=https://jakarta.go.id/artikel/konten/2543/mutahar-h |access-date=25 March 2018 |language=id |edition=Online |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=Department of Culture and Museum of Jakarta Special Region Provincial Government |location=Jakarta |orig-year=first published 2005 (as book version) |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180324181252/https://jakarta.go.id/artikel/konten/2543/mutahar-h |archive-date=24 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Mutahar had studied at the Faculty of Law of [[Gadjah Mada University]], from 1946 to 1947, after two years he then chose to drop out for participating in the [[Indonesian National Revolution]].<ref name=:'Tirto'>{{cite web |last=Firman |first=Tony |url=https://tirto.id/husein-mutahar-penyelamat-bendera-pusaka-b1Ng |date=7 November 2016 |title=Husein Mutahar, Penyelamat Bendera Pusaka |trans-title=Husein Mutahar, Savior of the Heritage Flag |website=[[:id:Tirto.id|Tirto.id]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180324181114/https://tirto.id/husein-mutahar-penyelamat-bendera-pusaka-b1Ng |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, he also attended the Training School Diplomatic and Consular Affairs in the [[Netherlands]] and also attended the Training School Diplomatic and Consular Affairs at the [[United Nations]] office in [[New York City|New York]].<ref name=:'RH' />
===Personal life=== Mutahar was not married during his life, but has 8 adopted children (6 boys and 2 girls). Some were "submitted" from their mother (who were widow) or from their father some time before he was dying. There was also a father or mother who voluntarily gave up his children to be recognized as Mutahar's children.<ref name=:'RH' />
==Career== ===Military career=== As a [[soldier]], Mutahar fought in the [[Battle of Semarang]]. Mutahar moved to [[Yogyakarta]] with [[Sukarno]] when there was [[:id:Pemindahan ibukota Republik Indonesia|the transfer of capital of the Republic of Indonesia]] from [[Jakarta]] to Yogyakarta in 1946, he was invited by [[Rear admiral]] [[:id:Mohammad Nazir|Mohammad Nazir]] who was served as [[:id:Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut|Chief of Staff of the Navy]]. Mutahar was later appointed a secretary of commander with the rank of a Lieutenant.<ref name=:'Winarno'>{{cite magazine |last=Winarno |first=Bondan |date=21 June 2007 |title="In Memoriam" Husein Mutahar: Pemakaman Sederhana untuk Seorang Luar Biasa |trans-title="In Memoriam" Husein Mutahar: A Simple Cemetery for an Extraordinary Person |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |magazine=Bulletin Paskibraka '78 |pages=4–5 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Paguyuban Paskibraka 1978 |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324194111/https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}</ref>
While accompanying Nazir, Sukarno remembered Mutahar as a driver driving his car in Semarang, a few days after the Five Day Battle. Mutahar was then asked by Sukarno from Nazir to serve as his adjutant and was promoted to [[Lieutenant commander|major]].<ref name=:'Tirto' /> Mutahar then became Adjutant III, then Adjutant II of the president of the Republic of Indonesia from 1946 to 1948.<ref name=:'RH' />
===Political career=== Mutahar had been a member of a political party from 1938 to 1942. During that time he became a [[clerk]] in the Consultative Bureau of the Ministry of Industry for North Central Java, Department of Economic Affairs. After [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesia was occupied by Japan]], in 1943 he then became secretary to the head of economic division at the [[Central Java]] Governor's office.<ref name=:'RH' />
After Indonesian independence during [[Sukarno]]'s leadership in 1966, Mutahar was assigned as Director General of Youth Affairs and Scout at the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia until 1968 when [[Suharto]]'s leadership.{{sfn|Pamuji, 2010|p=114}} Furthermore, from 1969 to 1979, he became an employee of the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.<ref name=:'RH' /> In addition, as a [[diplomat]] he was later appointed as Indonesian Ambassador to the Vatican in 1969–1973.<ref name=:'Vatican' /> But his last position in politics was as Secretary General of the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1974.<ref name=:'Jakarta' />
===Music composer career=== As a music composer, Mutahar was better known as '''H. Mutahar''' as his abbreviation name{{sfn|Gunawan, 2007|p=173}} and has created nearly a hundred songs.<ref name=:'Winarno' /> His first work was [[:id:Syukur (lagu nasional)|Syukur]], the song was written in Semarang on September 7, 1944<ref name=:'Syukur'>{{cite magazine |last=Azram |first=Syaiful |date=21 June 2007 |title=Lagu "Syukur", Bahasa Mutahar |trans-title=The song "Syukur", Language of Mutahar |url=https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |magazine=Bulletin Paskibraka '78 |page=15 |location=Jakarta |publisher=Paguyuban Paskibraka 1978 |access-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324194111/https://id.scribd.com/document/8753804/Bulletin78-21-Juni-2007 |archive-date=24 March 2018 }}</ref> and was first introduced to the public in January 1945, a few months before the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]] on August 17, 1945. Through the song of Syukur, Mutahar wanted to reveal a great praise and affirm to the listener that the homeland of Indonesia which will soon be free is a gift of God.<ref name=:'PP'>{{cite web |last=Official |url=http://paskibraka-jp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32:hmutaharpotretseorangmusikusulung&catid=4:tokoh&Itemid=2 |date=8 February 2009 |title=H. Mutahar - Potret Seorang Musikus Ulung |trans-title=H. Mutahar - Portrait of An Ultimate Musician |website=Purna Paskibraka Indonesia Jakarta Pusat official website |language=id |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218142211/http://paskibraka-jp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32:hmutaharpotretseorangmusikusulung&catid=4:tokoh&Itemid=2 |archive-date=18 December 2012 |access-date=29 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
His second song was created in 1946 under the title [[:id:Hari Merdeka (lagu nasional)|Hari Merdeka]].<ref name=:'PP' /> The song was created in the toilet of Hotel Garuda [[Yogyakarta]], at that time he was roommate with [[Hoegeng Iman Santoso]] who are both in charge of escorting Sukarno. Hoegeng confused to find paper and pens because Mutahar rushed to pour his ideas onto the paper. Hari Merdeka is often played on the anniversary of the Proclamation. In addition, the song of Syukur and Hari Merdeka was ever reworked by [[Addie MS]] with a philharmonic orchestra in [[Australia]].<ref name=:'Winarno' />
His last works include Dirgahayu Indonesiaku (created in 1995 and became the official song on the 50th anniversary of Indonesian Independence),{{sfn|Gunawan, 2007|p=173}} Hymne Almamater (Hymne Universitas Indonesia),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lirik.kapanlagi.com/artis/lagu-wajib-nasional/hymne-almamater/ |title=Lirik Lagu Hymne Almamater - Lagu Wajib Nasional |trans-title=Lyrics Hymne Almamater - National Mandatory Song |website=[[:id:KapanLagi.com|KapanLagi.com]] |language=id |location=Jakarta |publisher=KapanLagi Network |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180329174236/https://lirik.kapanlagi.com/artis/lagu-wajib-nasional/hymne-almamater/ |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> and several other hymns born of his concern over the destruction of Indonesia's nature.<ref name=:'Winarno' /> One of the hymns of his creation, [[:id:Hymne Pramuka|Hymne Pramuka]] (created in 1964) is today the official song for the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia.<ref name=:'Hymne'>{{cite web |last=Kwarnas |url=https://pramuka.or.id/kak-adhyaksa-dault-pramuka-itu-manusia-pancasila/ |date=1 June 2017 |title=Kak Adhyaksa Dault: Pramuka Itu Manusia Pancasila |trans-title=Kak Adhyaksa Dault: Scout is Pancasila Man |website=Indonesia Scout Movement official website |language=id |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180329180106/https://pramuka.or.id/kak-adhyaksa-dault-pramuka-itu-manusia-pancasila/ |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> For the children's song category, Mutahar was also a composer of several children's songs, including Gembira, Tepuk Tangan Silang-silang, Mari Tepuk, Slamatlah, Jangan Putus Asa, and Saat Berpisah.<ref name=:'PP' />
==Activities for the nation and people==
Major Mutahar was part of the 6-man color party that on 17 August 1946, just as the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] was raging, took on the first national flag raising ceremony in [[Yogyakarta]] in commemoration of the 1st anniversary of national independence, presided by President [[Sukarno]] at the Gedung Agung Palace. Together with 5 other youths with him as the escorts, he raised the [[Bendera Pusaka]] (the [[Flag of Indonesia]]) just as [[Indonesia Raya]] was played by a [[military band]]<ref name=paskibraka>{{cite web|url=http://www.paskibraka-jp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:sejarah-paskibraka-indonesia&catid=3:sejarah&Itemid=2|title=Sejarah Pembentukan Paskibraka|trans-title=History of the Formation of Paskibraka|language=id|date=26 January 2011|publisher=Paskibraka|access-date=12 July 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218130245/http://www.paskibraka-jp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3:sejarah-paskibraka-indonesia&catid=3:sejarah&Itemid=2|archive-date=18 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> to a joyful populace. It would be repeated again in 1947 and 1949.
With the transfer of the capital to Jakarta, Mutahar did not see any flag raising ceremonies until 1966 at the [[Merdeka Palace]] but the flag raising method still remained. In 1967, he advised then President [[Suharto]] on the formation of the ''Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka'' or National Heirloom Flag Hoisting Troop, with a mission to escort, hoist and lower the flag during Independence Day and other national holiday celebrations in the national and regional levels. In time for the 22nd Independence Day, his suggestion was accepted. The Pasikbraka of today traces its origin to the 70-man color party that was formed for the 1967 Independence Day national flag ceremonies, he was the first mentor of the unit and helped chose and train its first generation personnel.
==Awards== On February 15, 1961, Mutahar was awarded [[:id:Bintang Mahaputra Pratama|Bintang Mahaputra Pratama]] by the government of the Republic of Indonesia without a presidential decree.<ref>{{cite web |last=Official |url=http://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/document/20171030/255525553._Bintang_Mahaputera_tahun_1959-2003.pdf |title=Daftar Warganegara Republik Indonesia yang Mendapat Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Mahaputera tahun 1959 sd 2003 |date=30 October 2017 |location=Jakarta |publisher=State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia |trans-title=List of Citizens of the Republic of Indonesia Who Received Mahaputra Star Sign of Honor from 1959 till 2003 |page=46 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204060455/http://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/document/20171030/255525553._Bintang_Mahaputera_tahun_1959-2003.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |access-date=29 March 2018 }}</ref> In addition, he also received the [[:id:Bintang Gerilya|Bintang Gerilya]] award unknown dates and years of the conferment.<ref name=:'Winarno' />
==References== {{reflist}}
===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite book |last=Gunawan |first=Ismail |date=2007 |title=Kumpulan Lagu Nasional |trans-title=National Song Collection |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zBUFHQ1bnYAC&q=Husein+Mutahar&pg=PA173 |location=Depok |publisher=Puspa Swara |isbn=9789791133715 |ref={{sfnRef|Gunawan, 2007}} }} * {{cite thesis |last=Pamuji |first=Kukuh |date=2010 |title=Komunikasi dan Edukasi Museum Istana Kepresidenan Jakarta |trans-title=Communications and Education of Museum of the Presidential Palace Jakarta |type=M.Hum. |publisher=Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia |location=Depok |url=http://lib.ui.ac.id/file?file=digital/20251419-RB00K431k-Komunikasi%20dan%20edukasi.pdf |ref={{sfnRef|Pamuji, 2010}} }} * {{cite book |last=Katamsi |first=Amaroso |date=2001 |title=40 Tahun Gerakan Pramuka |trans-title=40 Years of Scout Movement |location=Jakarta |publisher=National Kwartir of Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia |isbn=9798318137 |ref={{sfnRef|Katamsi, 2001}} }} * {{cite book |last=Official |date=2015 |title=Peraturan Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga Republik Indonesia Nomor 0065 Tahun 2015: Tentang Penyelenggaraan Kegiatan Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka (PASKIBRAKA) |trans-title=Regulation of the Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia Number 0065 of 2015: On the Implementation of the Activity of National Flag Hoisting Troop (PASKIBRAKA) |url=http://kemenpora.go.id/pdf/Buku%20Permen%200065_PASKIBRAKA_komplit.pdf |location=Jakarta |publisher=Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia |pages=3–9 |ref={{sfnRef|Kemenpora, 2015}} }} * {{Refend}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mutahar, Husein}} [[Category:1916 births]] [[Category:2004 deaths]] [[Category:Indonesian composers]] [[Category:Indonesian Muslims]] [[Category:Indonesian people of Yemeni descent]] [[Category:Ambassadors of Indonesia to the Holy See]]