Hulayqat

{{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Hulayqat | native_name = حليقات | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Village  | image_skyline = Hulayqat.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Hulayqat, before 1948 | etymology = the circles<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/367/mode/1up 367]</ref>  | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Hulayqat (click the buttons) | coordinates = {{coord|31|36|3|N|34|38|59|E|type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 116/112  | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Gaza  | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = May 12, 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR19 xix], village No. 317. Also gives cause for depopulation</ref> | established_title2 = Repopulated dates  | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 420<ref name=Doos1945>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p31.jpg 31]</ref><ref name=Hadawi45>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Gaza/Page-045.jpg 45]</ref>  | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Influence of nearby town's fall }}

'''Hulayqat''' was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. It was located 20.5 km northeast of Gaza.

==History== Hulayqat's lands hosted numerous khirbas. Artifacts include pieces of marble and pottery as well as cisterns and a pool.<ref name=Khalidi104>Khalidi, 1992, p. 104</ref>

===Ottoman era=== During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Hulayqat experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marom |first1=Roy |last2=Taxel |first2=Itamar |date=2023-01-01 |title=Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalān's hinterland, 1270 – 1750 CE |url=https://www.academia.edu/106637796 |journal=Journal of Historical Geography |volume=82 |pages=49–65 |doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In 1838, in the Ottoman era, ''Huleikat'' was noted as village in the Gaza district.<ref name="Robinsonp120">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/119/mode/1up 119]</ref>

An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Hulayqat had a population of 55, with a total of 14 houses, though the population count included men, only.<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/149/mode/1up 149]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n956/mode/1up 148]</ref>

In 1883, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described it as a "small village on a flat slope, with a high sandy hill to the west. It has cisterns and a pond, with a small garden to the west."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/260/mode/1up 260]</ref>

===British Mandate era=== thumb|Hulayqat 1931 1:20,000 In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ''Hukiqat'' had a population of 251 inhabitants, all Muslims,<ref>Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n10/mode/1up 8]</ref> increasing in the 1931 census to 285, still all Muslims, in 61 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 3]</ref> thumb|Hulayqat 1945 1:20,000 In the 1945 statistics Huleiqat had a population of 420 Muslims,<ref name=Doos1945/> with a total of 7,063 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref name=Hadawi45/> Of this, 115 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 6,636 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Gaza/Page-087.jpg 87]</ref> while they had 18 dunams as built-up land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Gaza/Page-137.jpg 137]</ref>

In 1947, an oil drilling project commenced in Hulayqat employing 300 Arab workers.<ref>[http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=VEU9jff72cwQ%2FzWlQ7WW%2F%2BNlsYRM9YFvgLD3LMhhSsENUU6An1yw%2FPdEjgOgHNnLYw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=HMF%2f1947%2f09%2f28&page=8&rtl=true Drilling begins near Gaza]</ref>

===1948, aftermath=== The village was first captured by the Israeli army on 13 May during Operation Barak and depopulated.<ref>Tal, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vs2PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 174]</ref><ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA258 258]</ref> On 8 July, it was retaken by the Egyptian army. A well-fortified battalion of the 4th Brigade was stationed there later reinforced by more troops.<ref>Tal, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vs2PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA385 385]</ref> and some of the villagers returned to their homes. It was finally captured on 19 October by the Giv'ati Brigade during Operation Yoav.<ref name=Khalidi104/> thumb|right|Israeli forces at Huleiqat According to the Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, the ruin of the village in 1992 was partially forested with sycamore, Christ's-thorn trees and cactus. One of the old roads had been paved.<ref name=Khalidi104/>

==See also== * Battles of the Separation Corridor

==References== {{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}} *{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=3}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}} *{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} *{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem turkeschen Staatskalender dur Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}} *{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}} *{{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}} *{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}} *{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}} *{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}} *{{cite book|title=War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dL29_RBATv0C |first=D.|last=Tal|author-link=David Tal (historian)|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-7146-5275-X}} {{refend}}

==External links== *[https://www.palestineremembered.com/Gaza/Hulayqat/index.html Welcome To Hulayqat] *[http://www.zochrot.org/village/view?id=49189 Hulayqat], Zochrot *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 20: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131227120801/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8382 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.20.jpg Wikimedia commons] *[http://alnakba.org/villages/gaza/hulayqat.htm Hulayqat], from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Category:District of Gaza