{{Short description|Australian historian (1924–2015)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}} {{Use Australian English|date=October 2016}} {{Infobox person |image = Hugh_Stretton.jpg |caption = Stretton as professor of history at the University of Adelaide in 1954 |name = Hugh Stretton |honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC|OOnt|size=100%}} |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|07|15}} |birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2015|07|18|1924|07|15}} |death_place = |education = Mentone Grammar School<br />Scotch College<br />University of Melbourne<br />University of Oxford<br />Princeton University |occupation = Author, historian, urban theorist |employer = |notable_works = ''Ideas for Australian Cities''<br />''Economics: A New Introduction'' ||organization = |awards = Centenary Medal, Companion of the Order of Australia |spouse = }} '''Hugh Stretton''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AC}} (15 July 1924 – 18 July 2015) was an Australian historian and a Rhodes Scholar who wrote books on politics, urban planning, and economics. He was a key figure in the development and implementation of government policies affecting cities, particularly during the Whitlam government.
==Early life and education== Hugh Stretton was born on 15 July 1924 in Cambrai Private Hospital, St Kilda East, son of Victorian judge Len Stretton and Norah Stretton née Crawford. He had a sister, Althea and a brother, Philip.<ref name=adb>{{cite web|first=Tony |last=Stephens|title=Stretton, Hugh (1924–2015)|publisher=Obituaries Australia, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|url= http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/stretton-hugh-22031/text31998|access-date= 20 November 2019}}</ref>
He was educated at Mentone Grammar School and Scotch College for his secondary school years. He subsequently enrolled at the University of Melbourne for his undergraduate education, where he was resident at Ormond College.<ref name="GreatScot">{{cite web|title=Vale – David Baillieu, Sir Harold Knight ('36) and Professor Hugh Stretton ('41)|url=https://www.scotch.vic.edu.au/greatscot/2015sepGS/69.htm|website=Great Scot|publisher=Scotch College|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref>
However, the ongoing Second World War interrupted his studies and he served in the Royal Australian Navy. He enlisted as a rating on 5 May 1943, having declined a commission. Stretton was posted to numerous supply depots and ships throughout his service, including HMAS Penguin in Sydney and two corvettes based out of Darwin.<ref name="StrettonMilitaryRecord">{{Citation|title=Service record NAA: A6770, STRETTON H|publisher=National Archives of Australia}}</ref><ref name="StrettonSocialTheory">{{cite journal| url=http://epubs.scu.edu.au/jesp/vol5/iss1/5/| title=Hugh Stretton and his Social Theory| last=Gibilisco| first=Peter| journal=Journal of Economic and Social Policy| volume=5| issue=1 Article 5| date=7 January 2000| access-date=2015-08-03}}</ref> As a result of his, he did not complete his studies at Melbourne.<ref name="SMHobituaryStretton">{{cite news|last1=Stephens|first1=Tony|title=Hugh Stretton: public intellectual and author championed a fairer Australia|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/obituaries/hugh-stretton-public-intellectual-and-author-championed-a-fairer-australia-20150902-gjdb6h.html|access-date=14 May 2017|agency=Sydney Morning Herald|date=2 September 2015}}</ref> Upon his demobilisation on 8 February 1946, he successfully enrolled as a Rhodes Scholar to study history at the University of Oxford. His application was supported by Sir Robert Menzies who wrote highly of him.<ref name="TroyStrettonObituary">{{cite journal|last1=Troy|first1=Patrick|title=Hugh Stretton (15 July 1924 – 18 July 2015)|journal=Economic and Labour Relations Review|date=24 November 2015|volume=26|issue=4|pages=686–688|doi=10.1177/1035304615602608|s2cid=157129519|doi-access=free}}</ref> {{Blockquote|text=[He is] of rare intelligence, with marked capacity for acquiring knowledge in an orderly way. He has an interesting combination of solidity and humour}}
Stretton graduated Oxford with a Bachelor of Arts in 1948 and became a fellow in history at Balliol College. During this time, he also spent a year tutoring and reading history at Princeton University.<ref name="StrettonSocialTheory" /><ref name="StrettonInterview">{{cite web|last1=Linn|first1=Rob|title=Interview with Hugh Stretton recorded by Rob Linn on Tuesday, 14th November 2006 at North Adelaide|url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/99182/1/Transcription%20-%20Emeritus%20Professor%20Hugh%20Stretton.pdf|website=J.D. Somerville Oral History Collection, State Library of South Australia: Interview no. OH 760/4|publisher=University of Adelaide|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref>
==Career== Stretton remained at Balliol until he took up a position as professor of history at the University of Adelaide in 1954, becoming the youngest professor in Australia at the time.<ref name="GreatScot" /><ref name="OrchardTribute">{{cite web|last1=Orchard|first1=Lionel|title=A tribute to Hugh Stretton|url=http://www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au/?p=9253|website=Social Policy Connections|access-date=16 May 2017}}</ref>
He stepped down from this position in 1968 and was appointed visiting research fellow with the university's Department of Economics. Upon his retirement from the university in 1989, he was awarded both with the title of emeritus professor of history and an honorary doctorate.<ref name="LumenAdelaide">{{cite journal|title=Double honour for distinguished historian|url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/lumen/issues/71342/news71344.html|journal=Lumen|publisher=University of Adelaide|date= Winter 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713155618/https://www.adelaide.edu.au/lumen/issues/71342/news71344.html| archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>
He taught modern history and economics but wrote chiefly about town planning, housing policies, and social scientists' ways of explaining complex historical processes.<ref name="LumenAdelaide" /> He served as the deputy chair of the South Australian Housing Trust for 17 years, between 1973 and 1989<ref name=hansard>{{cite web |title=Wednesday, July 29 2015 |website=Hansard Daily: House of Assembly|publisher= Parliament of South Australia |date=29 July 2015 |url=https://hansardsearch.parliament.sa.gov.au/daily/lh/2015-07-29/4 |access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref> at the behest of then-South Australian premier Don Dunstan.<ref name="LumenAdelaide" />
==Influences and ideas== Stretton published several books on a wide range of topics. His first, ''The Political Sciences'', was published in 1969 during his tenure as a visiting research fellow at the Australian National University. He put forward ideas on the importance of urban development for the economic development of Australia which were heavily influenced by his study and personal experience of the National Capital Development Commission.<ref name="TroyStrettonObituary" />
His 1976 book ''Capitalism, Socialism and the Environment'' is regarded as a pioneering effort in the then-new field of environmental sociology. It was one of the first to consider the societal implications of ecological limits.<ref name="Capitalism, Socialism and the Environment">{{cite book|last1=Stretton|first1=Hugh|title=Capitalism, Socialism and the Environment|date=1976|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK}}</ref>
===''Ideas for Australian Cities''=== One of Stretton's first and best-known works, ''Ideas for Australian Cities'', was privately published in 1970. It was widely-read and stirred considerable interest in the ideas that he presented.<ref name="StrettonSocialTheory" />
Stretton argued that the Australian suburb, much denigrated among professional architects and planners, was preferable to the agglomeration of large metropolises. He stressed its social benefits and smaller scale for creating a sense of community.<ref name="AACObit">{{cite web|last1=Prest|first1=Wilfred|title=Hugh Stretton AC|url=http://www.humanities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/AAH-Obit-Stretton-2015.pdf|website=Annual Report 2015-16|publisher=Australian Academy of the Humanities|access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="AusCitiesStretton">{{cite book|last1=Stretton|first1=Hugh|title=Ideas for Australian Cities|date=1970|publisher=Hugh Stretton|location=Adelaide|edition=1st}}</ref> He sought to approach urban issues from a historical and sociological perspective rather than a purely modernist or technical focus. He postulated that diversity of people within a city was essential for a successful living environment. However, he did not consider that increasing density was the best way to achieve this goal due to the loss of vegetation and social cohesion that he considered important.<ref name="AusCitiesStretton" />
Because of his background in sociology and history, he was an early modern advocate of concepts now considered part of post-modernist planning methods. This included social considerations such as planning for children and encounter.<ref name="AusCitiesStretton" /><ref name="FincherIveson">{{cite book|last1=Fincher|first1=R|last2=Iveson|first2=K|title=Planning and Diversity in the City: Redistribution, recognition and encounter|date=2008|publisher=Palgrave|location=New York|pages=145–170|chapter=Conceptualising Encounter in Planning}}</ref> He was able to tie in these ideas with his main contentions on the advantages of suburbs to health and wellbeing. {{Blockquote|'Tough' city planners, lovers of adult encounters and entertainments, should likewise learn to think not only of constructing cities for adults to use, but also of constructing adults with life-long capacities to use them as well|author=Hugh Stretton|source=''Ideas for Australian Cities'' p.19<ref name="AusCitiesStretton" />}}
At the time of the book's publication, Australia was undergoing significant social and political change, culminating in the election of the socially-progressive Gough Whitlam as Prime Minister of Australia in 1972.<ref>{{citation| last = Reid | first = Alan|authorlink=Alan Reid (journalist) | year = 1976 | title = The Whitlam Venture | publisher = Hill of Content | isbn = 978-0-85572-079-7}}</ref> Stretton was employed as a consultant to both state and federal governments over the period of the Whitlam government's term and eventually worked with the newly established Department of Urban and Regional Development.<ref name="AACObit" /> This allowed him to have a significant impact on urban policies of the Whitlam government over the course of his term in office.
==Recognition and honours== Stretton was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001, "for long service to the public housing sector".<ref>[https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1122098 It's an Honour: Centenary Medal]. Retrieved 16 September 2015</ref>
In the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2004, Stretton was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), at the time the highest honour within the Order of Australia. The citation reads "For service as a historian, social commentator and writer profoundly influencing and shaping ideas in the community on urban policy, town planning, and social and economic development".<ref>[https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1056743 It's an Honour: AC]. Retrieved 16 September 2015</ref>
In 2006, he was voted one of Australia's ten most influential public intellectuals.<ref>{{cite news| title=First Cohort for Thought| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/first-cohort-for-thought/story-e6frg6n6-1111112254409| date=4 October 2006| work=The Australian| access-date=2015-08-03}}</ref>
A portrait of Stretton by Australian artist Robert Hannaford won the People's Choice Award in the 1991 Archibald Prize.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archibald Prize finalists 1991/92 |website=Art Gallery of NSW |date=22 March 1992 |url=https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/prizes/archibald/1991-92/ |access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref>
==Personal life== Stretton had two sons with his first wife, Jennifer Gamble: Simon, a judge and punk musician,<ref>{{cite web |last=McClymont |first=Alison |title=Once 'hated, ignored and rejected', Judge Simon Stretton's punk rock band Black Chrome has found a cult following |website=ABC News |date=1 December 2024 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-01/black-chrome-simon-stretton-punk-rock-australia/104649642 |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> and Fabian, electronics engineer. In 1963 Stretton married Patricia Gibson, they had two children: Tim, a history professor, and Sally, an IT specialist in banking.
==Death and legacy== Stretton died after suffering from Alzheimer's disease,<ref name=adb/> on 18 July 2015, aged 91.<ref>{{cite news| title=Historian and academic Professor Hugh Stretton dies in Adelaide after long illness| url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/national/historian-and-academic-professor-hugh-stretton-dies-in-adelaide-after-long-illness/story-fnii5yv8-1227449239241?sv=3b30140a6d3e534f913800cb4b087d9e| date=19 July 2015| work=The Sunday Times| location=Perth| access-date=2015-08-03}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His death was mourned in many Australian newspapers, academic journals, and other publications, with ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' calling him "one of Australia's leading public intellectuals".<ref name="SMHobituaryStretton"/>
His work had a profound effect on discourse in Australia across many different fields. His writing, activism and teaching are credited with raising important contemporary issues and leading important public debates across many decades. Stretton's willingness to assist both state and federal governments with policy development in a wide range of roles brought many of his ideas into the mainstream thinking and actions of bureaucracies throughout recent Australian history.<ref name="OrchardTribute" /><ref name="LumenAdelaide" />
===Stretton Centre=== <!---Stretton Centre redirect targets this section---> The Stretton Centre was established in 2014 as a partnership between the City of Playford, the Australian Workplace Innovation and Social Research Centre (WISeR) at the University of Adelaide, and the South Australian Government through Renewal SA. It was made possible by a grant from the Suburban Jobs Program of the federal government. Its aim would be to integrate industry, workplace, and urban development.<ref name="LumenAdelaide" /> The centre is located in the Playford Alive Town Park in Munno Para. It includes a library, support for businesses, modern spaces for training and workshops, office spaces for small to medium-sized businesses, and STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) learning programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |website=Stretton Centre |date=2 October 2019 |url=https://strettoncentre.com.au/about |access-date=3 December 2024}}</ref> The Stretton Centre also undertakes research, and in September 2017 the Stretton Fellowship was launched by former premier of South Australia, Jay Weatherill. The fellowship, worth {{AUD|100,000}}, funded two researchers "to work with industry and Government to explore sustainable, new industries that will deliver employment opportunities into the future". The 2017-18 Stretton Fellowship focused on social enterprises.<ref>{{cite web |title=Research |website=Stretton Centre |date=15 October 2019 |url=https://strettoncentre.com.au/innovation/research |access-date=3 December 2024}}</ref>
===Stretton Institute=== {{further|Stretton Institute}} The Stretton Institute multidisciplinary research centre was established at the University of Adelaide in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title= Stretton Institute Annual Report 2020| date=2020|url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/stretton/ua/media/405/stretton-institute-annual-report-2020-final.pdf |access-date=3 December 2024}}</ref> It has held the Hugh Stretton Oration each year since 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hugh Stretton Oration |website=Stretton Institute |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/stretton/policy-engagement/hugh-stretton-oration#2022-australia-fair-is-the-playing-field-fair-for-women-and-girls-natasha-stott-despoja-ao |access-date=3 December 2024}}</ref>
==Bibliography==
* ''The Political Sciences: General Principles of Selection in Social Science and History'' (1969) * ''Ideas for Australian Cities'' (1970) * ''Housing and Government'' (1974) * ''Capitalism, Socialism and the Environment'' (1976) * ''Urban Planning in Rich and Poor Countries'' (1978) * ''Political Essays'' (1987) * ''Public Goods, Public Enterprise, Public Choice : Theoretical Foundations of the Contemporary Attack on Government'' (1994) with Lionel Orchard * ''Economics: A New Introduction'' (1999) * ''Australia Fair'' (2001) * ''Hugh Stretton : Selected Writings'' (2018)
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185044/http://www.assa.edu.au/fellowship/fellow/315 ASSA biography]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stretton, Hugh}} Category:1924 births Category:2015 deaths Category:Australian historians Category:Companions of the Order of Australia Category:University of Melbourne alumni Category:People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne Category:Australian Rhodes Scholars Category:Princeton University alumni Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:Urban theorists Category:Writers from Melbourne Category:Royal Australian Navy personnel of World War II Category:Military personnel from Melbourne Category:People from St Kilda, Victoria