{{short description|American businessman and politician (1927–2014)}} {{Use American English|date=May 2024}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bo Callaway | image = File:Howard Callaway in 1974 (cropped).jpg | caption = Callaway in 1974 | office = 11th United States Secretary of the Army | president = Richard Nixon<br />Gerald Ford | term_start = May 15, 1973 | term_end = July 3, 1975 | predecessor = Robert F. Froehlke | successor = Norman R. Augustine (acting) <br /> Martin R. Hoffmann | state1 = Georgia | district1 = {{ushr|GA|3|3rd}} | term_start1 = January 3, 1965 | term_end1 = January 3, 1967 | predecessor1 = Tic Forrester | successor1 = Jack Brinkley | birth_name = Howard Hollis Callaway<ref name="b">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/us/howard-h-callaway-strategist-who-helped-gop-rise-in-south-dies-at-86.html|title=Howard H. Callaway, Strategist Who Helped G.O.P. Rise in South, Dies at 86|first=William|last=Yardley|work=The New York Times|date=March 23, 2014|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|1927|4|2}} | birth_place = LaGrange, Georgia, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|3|15|1927|4|2}} | death_place = Columbus, Georgia, U.S. | party = Republican | spouse = {{marriage|Beth Walton|1949|2009|end=her death}}<ref name="b" /> | children = 5<ref name="b" /> | relatives = Fuller Earle Callaway (grandfather)<br/>Terry Considine (son-in-law) | education = Georgia Tech<br />United States Military Academy (BS) | allegiance = United States | branch = United States Army | service_years = 1949–1952 | rank = Lieutenant | battles = Korean War }}
'''Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway''' (April 2, 1927<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CALLAWAY,-Howard-Hollis-(Bo)-(C000055)/|title=CALLAWAY, Howard Hollis (Bo)|work=United States House of Representatives|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref> – March 15, 2014) was an American businessman and politician.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/29999655/|title=Callaway of Georgia: A GOP Governor?|work=The Amarillo Globe-Times|location=Amarillo, Texas|date=September 1, 1966|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=35|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/847079440/|title=Belated Vindication for Bo Callaway|work=The Macon Telegraph|location=Macon, Georgia|date=June 26, 1977|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=37|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Closed access}}</ref> A member of the Republican Party, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967 and as the United States secretary of the Army from 1973 to 1975.<ref name="b" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|title=Carter recalls intense rivalry and eventual friendship with Callaway|work=Ledger-Enquirer|first=Tony|last=Adams|date=March 15, 2014|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331051232/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|archive-date=March 31, 2014|url-status=live|via=Wayback Machine}}</ref>
== Life and career== thumb|left|Callaway in 1965|180px
Callaway was born in LaGrange, Georgia,<ref name="a" /> the son of Virginia Hollis and Cason Callaway,<ref name="b" /> and the grandson of Fuller Earle Callaway. He attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia, graduating in 1944.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofepis0000whit/page/272/mode/1up |page=272 |title=Chronicles of the Episcopal High School in Virginia, 1839-1989 |last=White |first=John |year=1989 |publisher=William L. Bauhan |location=Dublin, New Hampshire |isbn=978-0-87233-100-6 |via=Archive.org |lccn=89039957 |oclc=20356179 |url-access=registration |access-date=2024-02-24}}{{registration required|nolink=y}}</ref> After graduating, he attended Georgia Tech and the United States Military Academy, earning his degree in military engineering in 1949. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, which after his discharge in 1953, he returned to Georgia to help his parents develop and run Callaway Gardens.<ref name="b" /> He was named executive director there on June 10, 1953.<ref name="ZIP">{{cite web |title=Callaway Resort & Gardens history |url=https://www.zippia.com/callaway-resort-gardens-careers-17864/history/ |website=zippia.com |publisher=Zippia, Inc. |access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>
In 1964, he was elected as a Republican to represent Georgia's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, succeeding Tic Forrester. He was the first Republican to represent Georgia in Congress since Reconstruction, riding a Republican wave in the Deep South resulting from the appeal of Barry Goldwater to conservative Southerners.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-11-04 |title=SOUTH REVERSES VOTING PATTERNS; Goldwater Makes Inroads, but More Electoral Votes Go to the President |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/04/archives/south-reverses-voting-patterns-goldwater-makes-inroads-but-more.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Rather than run for re-election, in 1966, Callaway ran as for governor of Georgia. The gubernatorial election was exceptionally close due to a split within the state Democratic Party between supporters of segregationist Lester Maddox and liberal former governor Ellis Arnall; after Maddox won the Democratic nomination, Arnall continued his campaign as a write-in candidate. Ultimately, Callaway won a plurality, but not a majority of votes cast, which under Georgia law meant that the election was thrown to the Georgia General Assembly. After a series of lawsuits reaching the United States Supreme Court, the authority of the legislature was ultimately upheld, and Maddox was elected governor by the heavily Democratic legislature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-01-11 |title=Quickly Sworn In Behind Shut Doors |pages=1 |work=The Atlanta Constitution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104243788/quickly-sworn-in-behind-shut-doors/ |access-date=2023-03-02}}</ref>
Callaway was succeeded in Congress by Jack Brinkley.
===Later career=== thumb|left|Portrait of Callaway|180px Callaway resided in Colorado in the 1970s. In 1973, he was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve as the United States Secretary of the Army,<ref name="b" /> serving under Nixon and Gerald Ford and was succeeded by Norman R. Augustine in 1975. During his service as secretary of the army, he entered into a prominent national controversy when he first reduced the sentence of and later paroled lieutenant William Calley for his role in the My Lai massacre.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baxter |first1=R. R. |title=The My Lai Massacre And Its Cover‐up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/01/archives/the-my-lai-massacre-and-its-coverup-a-crime-against-humanity-an.html |work=The New York Times |date=August 1, 1976}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Tony |title=Bo Callaway dies at age 86 |url=https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/local/article29324335.html |work=Columbus Ledger-Enquirer |date=July 29, 2015}}</ref>
Callaway served as Ford's campaign manager,<ref name="c">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/312021318/|title=Bo Callaway Relieved as Ford Manager|work=Lincoln Journal Star|location=Lincoln, Nebraska|date=March 13, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Closed access}}</ref> but resigned following accusations that he had used undue political influence to ensure the expansion of a ski resort;<ref name="c" /> he was replaced by Rogers Morton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/31/archives/callaway-quits-post.html|title=Callaway Quits Post|first=James|last=Naughton|work=The New York Times|date=March 31, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref>
In 1980, Callaway ran as for the Republican nomination in the United States Senate election in Colorado. He was supported by Senator William L. Armstrong, but ultimately lost the nomination to Mary Estill Buchanan.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Strogoff |first=Jody Hope |title=Bo Callaway was a winner despite having lost Senate bid |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/bo-callaway-was-a-winner-despite-having-lost-senate-bid/article_eb099f50-81b5-5fb0-9325-90eb8c3e692a.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Colorado Politics |date=March 21, 2014 |language=en}}</ref> After that, he served as the chairperson of the Colorado Republican Party until 1987.<ref name="a" />
== Death == Callaway died on March 15, 2014, from complications of intracerebral hemorrhage in Columbus, Georgia, at the age of 86.<ref name="b" />
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== {{CongBio|C000055}} Retrieved on 2008-07-02 *{{C-SPAN|38522}}
{{s-start}} {{s-par|us-hs}} {{US House succession box | state = Georgia | district = 3 | before= Tic Forrester | after= Jack Thomas Brinkley | years= January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1967 }} |- {{s-ppo}} |- {{s-vac|last=Roscoe Pickett}} {{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for Governor of Georgia|years=1966}} {{s-aft|after=Hal Suit}} |- {{s-gov}} {{succession box| before=Robert F. Froehlke| title=United States Secretary of the Army| after=Martin R. Hoffmann| years=May 1973 – July 1975 }} {{s-end}}
{{USArmySecs}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Callaway, Bo}} Category:1927 births Category:2014 deaths Category:20th-century American businesspeople Category:20th-century Colorado politicians Category:20th-century Georgia (U.S. state) politicians Category:American campaign managers Category:American corporate directors Category:American business executives in the energy industry Category:American hoteliers Category:Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state) Bo Category:Candidates in the 1980 United States elections Category:Colorado Republican Party chairs Category:Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) alumni Category:Ford administration personnel Category:Georgia Tech alumni Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats Category:Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:New Right (United States) Category:Nixon administration personnel Category:People from LaGrange, Georgia Category:People from Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia Category:Republican Party United States representatives from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:United States Army officers Category:United States Army personnel of the Korean War Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:United States secretaries of the army Category:Phi Delta Theta members Category:20th-century United States representatives