Houten

{{Infobox settlement  | name = Houten | settlement_type = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]] | image_skyline = Gemeentehuis NS-station Houten nederland.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Town hall and station in Houten | image_flag = Flag of Houten.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Houten wapen.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt =  | image_map = Map - NL - Municipality code 0321 (2009).svg | map_alt = Highlighted position of Houten in a municipal map of Utrecht | map_caption = Location in Utrecht | coordinates = {{coord|52|2|N|5|10|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]] | leader_party = Independent | leader_title = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Karen Heerschop]] | unit_pref = Metric  | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = {{Dutch municipality total area|Houten}} | area_land_km2 = {{Dutch municipality land area|Houten}} | area_water_km2 = {{Dutch municipality water area|Houten}} | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title=Postcodetool for 3995DW |language=nl |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis |access-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref> | elevation_m = 2 | elevation_max_footnotes =  | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes =  | elevation_min_m =  | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref> | population_total = {{Dutch municipality population|Houten}} | population_as_of = {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}} | population_density_km2 = {{Dutch municipality population density|Houten}}  | population_demonym =  | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]] | postal_code = 3990–3999 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]] | area_code = 030 | website = {{URL|1=http://www.houten.nl}} | footnotes = }} '''Houten''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɦʌutə(n)|-|Nl-Houten.ogg}}) is a municipality in the [[Netherlands]], in the province of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]].

==Population centres== The municipality consists of the following towns: * [['t Goy]] * Houten * [[Schalkwijk, Utrecht|Schalkwijk]] * [[Tull en 't Waal]]

===Houten (town)=== The main town in the municipality is '''Houten''', a [[commuter town]] about 9 km southeast of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]. On 1 January 2020, the town had 50,177 inhabitants (municipality). The built-up area was {{convert|5.08|km2|abbr=on}} in area, and contained 20,010 residences in 2018. The slightly larger statistical district of Houten had a population of about 39,100 in 2004.<ref name="CBS2">Statistics Netherlands (CBS), ''Gemeente Op Maat 2004: Houten'' [http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/nederland-regionaal/nederland-regionaal/publicaties/gemeente-op-maat/2004/alfabet/h/2004-houten]{{dead link|date=November 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref>

== History of Houten == [[File:Houten.png|thumb|left|Historical map of Houten]]

Remains of a Roman villa have been found in the old centre of Houten, made visible in a street pattern. These remains were discovered in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-01 |title=Romeinse villa Houten in de 2e en 3e eeuw |url=https://www.oudhouten.nl/romeinse-tijd/midden/romeinse-villa-houten/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=www.oudhouten.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref>

In the [[Early Middle Ages|Dark Ages]], Houten took shape as a rural centre. The area of the municipality of Houten was divided in the so-called ''gerechten'' ("districts"), the names of which are still in use: Schonauwen, Wulven, Waijen, Heemstede.

Many elements of present-day Houten are remnants of its history. Prominent in the old centre (''Het Oude Dorp'', "The Old Town") are the Roman Catholic Church (1884) and the Protestant Church (1563). The first accounts of the older church date from the ninth century; the oldest parts of the present church building are probably from the eleventh century. Another prominent building is the restaurant-cafe ''De Engel'' ("The Angel"), already mentioned in the 16th century as a tavern.<ref>Houten te voet of the fiets, publication by the municipality of Houten (2001)</ref>

Former access roads to the old centre are still recognisable by their names, such as the ''Odijkseweg'' and ''Loerikseweg''. Houten had many orchards, but few have survived.

=== The expanding city 1966–1998 ===

Modern Houten started to take shape late in the 20th century (1966–1998). It was first designated by the office of Wissing-Derks as a ''Groeikern'' -– a centre of growth –- to meet the needs of the growing city of Utrecht. From the beginning, urban planner-designer [[Robert Derks]] was involved with the development of New Town Houten. Construction of 10,000 new dwellings began in 1979, and the population grew from 4,000 to more than 30,000 by the end of the century. [[File:Houten-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Dutch Topographic map of Houten (town), March 2014]]

=== Second designation as a centre of urban growth 1992–2015 ===

By 2015, some 7,000 new houses had been built in Houten-Zuid, following the same urban design principles as in the existing northern part of Houten, with some differences. The body of water to the east is large in comparison with water bodies in the old parts of Houten. The pentagonal green zone in Houten-Zuid embracing the centre is different from the green zone in Houten-Noord, which runs through the whole city in a linear structure, crossing the new city centre and with larger parks at either end. Another difference is that in some places cars share the road with bicycle paths (this concept was later applied in the northern part as well). The southern part was also designed by Robert Derks and his office for urban design Stedenbouw BV.

== Transport ==

=== Rail === Houten has two railway stations, [[Houten railway station|Houten]] (opened in 1868, closed in 1934, re-opened on a different location in 1982 and restructured in 2010) and [[Houten Castellum railway station|Houten Castellum]] (opened in 2010). These stations are served by local commuter trains to [[Utrecht Centraal railway station|Utrecht]] (northbound) and [[Geldermalsen railway station|Geldermalsen]] (southbound, with subsequent connections to [[Tiel railway station|Tiel]] and [['s-Hertogenbosch railway station|'s-Hertogenbosch]]/[[Breda railway station|Breda]]). The railway has been doubled from two tracks to four, to accommodate for an extra stop at Castellum with a frequency of four trains per hour in each direction.

<gallery mode=packed> Image:Houten oude station (februari 2006).jpg|Old railway building File:Modern railway station at centre of Houten, with nice reflections - panoramio.jpg|Modern railway station at centre of Houten Image:Station Houten op wielen.jpg|Relocation of old railway building (24 aug 2007) Image:Station Houten, oostzijde.jpg|Houten Station (1982) </gallery>

=== Bus === Busses travel to regional destinations, such as [[Nieuwegein]] and [[Utrecht]].

=== Bike === Like [[Cycling in the Netherlands|most Dutch cities]], Houten is well adapted to the high number of cyclists. Unlike other cities Houten is built around a system of car-free public space combined with the infrastructure for slow traffic. The design principle of separating cycling and walking from car traffic has been pushed to the limit. Houten is unique in this. Cycling comfort and safety are extremely high (optimal), even by Dutch standards. A large network of bike paths makes it convenient to cycle to various destinations and within the town the bike is the most popular means of transport.

On 29 October 2008 Houten was chosen as ''Fietsstad 2008'' — the top BikeCity of the Netherlands for 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fietsstad2008.nl/houten_thema_verkeersveilighei.php |title=Fietsstad 2008 - Houten – Thema: Veilig en fietsvriendelijk |access-date=2018-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234714/http://www.fietsstad2008.nl/houten_thema_verkeersveilighei.php |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The same happened on 16 January 2018, when Houten was praised for its best all round cycling characteristics and again voted the best ''[[Cycling in the Netherlands#The Fietsstad (Bicycle city) awards|Fietsstad 2018]]'' — the nations top BikeCity for 2018. Since the first bicycle city election (held every two years) in 2002 Houten is the only one that managed to win the title twice. The city of Houten is known as, nationally and internationally, and in growing interest from home and abroad, as the worlds best practical example for bicycle friendliness. A growing number of groups with politicians, developers, designers and students visit cycling city Houten for study purposes and inspiration.

=== Car === To the west, Houten has its own exit from the [[A27 motorway (Netherlands)|A27 motorway]], and the N409 (single carriageway with bus lane) runs from Houten to [[Nieuwegein]]. To the east and south, there are only local roads, not designed for through traffic. A connection to the [[A12 motorway (Netherlands)|A12 motorway]] to the north is the N421 (single carriageway).

The only way to get from one district to another is via the ring road which circles around Houten, thus preventing through traffic in residential areas. Maximum speed on most of the ring road is {{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>[https://www.houten.nl/over-gemeente-houten/verkeer-en-vervoer/veelgestelde-vragen/ Gemeente Houten – Veelgestelde vragen over verkeer] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121220070805/https://www.houten.nl/over-gemeente-houten/verkeer-en-vervoer/veelgestelde-vragen/ |date=2012-12-20 }} (in Dutch, frequently asked questions about traffic)</ref>

== Urban planning and architecture ==

=== Sustainable urban design === Houten is internationally known for its urban design. Because of the city structure, people are encouraged to travel by bike and train. Distinctive qualities of Houten include the accessibility of the railway station, green and water zones throughout the whole city, numerous soccer and basketball fields, high standard of accommodation for different groups and the child-friendly bicycle paths. It is one of the safest cities in the Netherlands. Cyclists and cars are able to avoid each other: an extensive network of bicycle tracks connects the different districts of the town, while cars have to go to the city ring road before they can go to another part of the city.

Thomas House is a small-scale housing complex in Houten for adults with intellectual disabilities, opened in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Foto's: Koningin Máxima bezoekt Thomashuis in Houten|url=http://www.metronieuws.nl/nieuws/foto-s-koningin-maxima-bezoekt-thomashuis-in-houten/SrZmfg!prn2CbJOmB4Yc/|access-date=2013-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609021121/http://www.metronieuws.nl/nieuws/foto-s-koningin-maxima-bezoekt-thomashuis-in-houten/SrZmfg!prn2CbJOmB4Yc/|archive-date=2013-06-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Remarkable buildings in Houten === [[File:Traditional style houses at Rietplas Houten with nice reflections - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Traditional style houses at Rietplas]] * Aluminiumcentre ''Aluminium wood'' (Micha de Haas) * Pyramid-shaped apartment complex Het Domein (Das brothers, Alberts & Van Huut)) * Total petrol station (Samyn and Partners) * Fire department (Samyn and Partners) * De Kniphoek - Rietplas (Hans Been Architecten) * The Golden House (Micha de Haas) * railway station bicycle transferium (Movares\StudioSK, Henk Woltjer) * JOINN! (De Wit architecten)

== Famous people from Houten == [[File:Chriet Titulaer.png|140px|thumb|Chriet Titulaer, 1984]] * [[Bart de Ligt]] (1883 in Schalkwijk – 1938) a Dutch [[anarcho-pacifist]] and [[antimilitarist]]; supported [[conscientious objectors]] * [[Chriet Titulaer]] (1943-2017) a Dutch astronomer, TV presenter and popular science writer; lived in Houten * [[Branimir Štulić]] (born 1953), singer-songwriter, musician, author and former frontman of rock group [[Azra (band)|Azra]]; lives in Houten * [[Peter van Dalen]] (born 1958) a Dutch politician and [[Member of the European Parliament]] * [[Ruud Kuijer]] (born 1959 in Schalkwijk) a Dutch sculptor, known for his ''Water works'' * [[Bram Snepvangers]] (born 1976) plays the card game [[Magic: The Gathering]]; lives in Houten *[[Rutger Bregman]] (born 1988) a Dutch historian and author, best known for [[Utopia for Realists]]; lives in Houten * [[Noël van 't End]] (born 1991) a Dutch judoka, competed at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] * [[Def Rhymz]] (born 1970) Dutch rapper; lived in Houten

== References == {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== {{commons category}} * [http://www.houten.nl/ Official website] * [http://www.oudhouten.nl/ Historical website (in Dutch)]

{{Geographic location | Centre = Houten | Northeast = [[Bunnik]] | Southeast = [[Wijk bij Duurstede]] | South = ''[[Lek (river)|Lek]]''<br>[[Culemborg]] ([[Gelderland|GE]]) | Southwest = ''[[Lek (river)|Lek]]''<br>[[Vijfheerenlanden]] | West = [[Nieuwegein]] | North = [[Utrecht]] }}

[[Category:Houten| ]] [[Category:Municipalities of Utrecht (province)]] [[Category:Populated places in Utrecht (province)]] [[Category:Planned communities established in the 1960s]]