{{Short description|Georgian ruling dynasty (800–1829 AD)}} {{Royal house| |surname =Jaqeli<br>{{nobold|ჯაყელი}} |estate =[[Samtskhe-Saatabago|Principality of Samtskhe]] |coat of arms = Jaqeli_coat_of_arms.png |country =[[Meskheti]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) |parent house =Chorchaneli |titles =Prince Jaqeli <br>[[Mtavari]] of [[Samtskhe-Saatabago|Samtskhe]] |founder =Beshken Jaqeli |final ruler =Yusup III Jaqeli |current head = |founding year = 9th century |deposition = }} [[File:House of Jaqeli (Sapara Monastery).jpg|thumb|262px|A group portrait of Princes Jaqeli (from left to right: [[Sargis I Jaqeli]] (Sabas), [[Beka I Jaqeli|Beka]], [[Sargis II Jaqeli|Sargis]], and [[Qvarqvare I Jaqeli|Kvarkvare]]). [[Sapara monastery]], 14th c]] [[File:Map of Jaqeli Samtskhe 1240-1320.png|thumb|262px|Map of [[Samtskhe]] (1240-1320), during the rule of the House of Jaqeli.<ref>{{cite book |location=Tbilisi |date=2008 |title=Kartlis Tskhovreba|publisher=Meridiani, Artanuji |isbn=978-9941-10-086-4|pages=570–571}}</ref>]] The '''House of Jaqeli''' ({{lang-ka|ჯაყელი}}) was an old [[List of Georgian princely families|Georgian princely family]] (''[[mtavari]]'') and a ruling [[dynasty]] of the [[Principality of Samtskhe]], an offshoot of the '''House of Chorchaneli'''.
==History== "Jaqeli", literally meaning "of/from Jaqi", was originally a territorial epithet. The family received this name from the castle of Jaqi on the Jaqis-tsqali, one of the left affluents of the [[Mtkvari]] (Kura) (now in [[Turkey]]). The Jaqeli traced their origin to the late 9th-century nobleman Beshken, of the Chorchaneli, whose descendants possessed the valleys of Jaqi, Postkhovi (modern [[Posof]], Turkey), and Uraveli (near [[Akhaltsikhe]], Georgia). The title "Jaqeli" first appears in the names of Beshken (I), lord ([[eristavi]]) of Tukharisi, and Murvan, lord of [[Q'ueli]] and Beshken's possible son. Beshken (II), Murvan's possible son, died fighting the [[Seljuk Turks]] in [[Javakheti]] in 1118. From the 1050s to the 1190s, the Jaqeli took part in several feudal uprisings against the [[Bagrationi|Bagratid]] kings of Georgia.
Eventually, under the queen [[Tamar of Georgia]] (1184-1213), the family, in the person of Botso, fell in dishonor, and the title of Jaqeli as well as most of their possessions passed to their relatives of the House of Tsikhisjvari (Tsikhisjvreli), also a Chorchaneli offshoot. The dispossessed family of Botso Jaqeli came to be known as Botsosdze, last heard of with Memna, who died during the defense of [[Tbilisi]] against the [[Khwarezmian Empire|Khwarezmid]] ruler [[Mingburnu|Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi]] in 1226; and with his brother Botso.
With Ivane-Qvarqvare of Tsikhisjvari (fl. c. 1195-1247), enfeoffed by Queen Tamar of Botso's titles and possessions, the new line of the Jaqeli dynasty emerged. It attained, in the person of [[Sargis I Jaqeli|Sargis I]] (r. c. 1260-1285), to the hereditary principate of Samtskhe, and became [[de facto]] independent of the kings of Georgia under the protectorate of [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] [[Ilkhanate]] in 1268. The residence of Jaqeli was established in [[Sapara Monastery|Sapara]], located in the [[Samtskhe–Javakheti]] region of Georgia.
In 1334, King [[George V of Georgia]] brought Samtskhe within the Georgian realm again, and bestowed his maternal uncle [[Sargis II Jaqeli]] (r. 1306-1334) with the dignity of [[atabag]], which would become hereditary in the Jaqeli line down to the 17th century. Henceforth, the principality was known as [[Samtskhe-Saatabago]], the latter part of this compound word meaning "of the atabags".<ref name="Allen">[[William Edward David Allen|Allen, W.E.D.]], The March-lands of Georgia. ''The Geographical Journal'', Vol. 74, No. 2. (Aug., 1929), p. 155.</ref><ref name="Suny">[[Ronald Grigor Suny|Suny, Ronald Grigor]] (1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation'', pp. 41, 44, 46-48, 52. [[Indiana University Press]], {{ISBN|0-253-20915-3}}</ref>
[[File:Qvarqvare I Jaqeli, portrait, Zarzma monastery.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Qvarqvare I Jaqeli]] (r.1334–1361)]] By the mid-15th century, the Jaqeli family had finally succeeded in reducing the rival noble families into vassalage or in driving them out of Samtskhe. By 1490/1491, when the [[Triarchy and collapse of the Kingdom of Georgia|Georgian kingdom finally dissolved]] into a number of weak and rivaling polities, the Jaqelis were among the most active contending factions, "not without responsibility for the failure to maintain the political unity of the nation", as the [[Great Britain|British]] scholar [[William Edward David Allen]] puts it.<ref name="Allen"/> Beginning from 1578, Samtskhe became a target of Ottoman expansion, and the Jaqeli atabags, after a futile resistance, conveniently apostatized to Islam, and were made hereditary [[pasha]]s of Akhaltsikhe, a position which they retained, with some brief intermissions, within the family throughout the unceasing wars between the Ottomans, the [[Iran]]ian dynasties and the Georgian rulers down to the eventual [[Russian Empire|Russian]] conquest in 1829 (see [[Battle of Akhalzic]]).<ref name="Suny"/> A cadet branch, from the [[Kvabliani (river)|Kvabliani]] valley, accepted the Russian rule and assumed the surname of Atabekov-Kvabliansky.
Presently, there are 1526 people in Georgia of Jaqeli family.
==Genealogy== {{chart top|collapsed=no|width=auto|Genealogy of Jaqeli family{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}}} {{tree chart/start}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=House of Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Beshken|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Memna|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Beka|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Sargis I Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Beka I Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | PR3 |v| PR2 | | PR1 | | PR4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Sargis II Jaqeli]]| PR2=Natela Jaqeli| PR3=[[Demetrius II of Georgia]]| PR4=[[Jiajak Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | PR2 | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Qvarqvare I Jaqeli]]| PR2=[[George V of Georgia]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | PR2 | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Ivane Jaqeli| PR2=[[File:Bagrationi dynasty Coat of Arms.png|100px]] <br>[[Georgian monarchs family tree of Bagrationi dynasty|Bagrationi dynasty <br>family tree]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Qvarqvare II Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Kaikhosro I Jaqeli| PR2=Mzechabuk Jaeli| PR3= Manuchar I Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Qvarqvare III Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Kaikhosro II Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Manuchar II Jaqeli]]|PR2=Safar Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=[[Manuchar III Jaqeli]]|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Rostom I Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Aslan I Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Salim I Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Isaq I Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PR1=Yusup III Jaqeli|border=1|}} {{tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}}
==See also== * [[Samtskhe-Saatabago]] * [[Eyalet of Childir]] * [[Meskhetians]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Jaqeli}}
[[Category:House of Jaqeli| ]] [[Category:Noble families of Georgia (country)|Jaqeli]] [[Category:Georgian-language surnames]] [[Category:Meskhetians]]