{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} [[File:Blason_Maison_de_Béthune.svg|thumb|right|200px|Coat of arms of the Béthune family]] The '''House of Bethune''' ({{langx|fr|Maison de Béthune}} {{IPA|fr|mɛzɔ̃ də betyn|pron}}) is a [[French nobility|French noble house]] from the province of [[Artois]] in the north of France whose proven filiation dates back to Guillaume de Béthune who made his will in 1213. This family became extinct in 1807 with Maximilien-Alexandre de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1784-1807).<ref name="Annuaire noblesse">[https://books.google.com/books?id=XZhAAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22le+dernier+s%27est+%C3%A9teint+le+20+septembre+1807%22&pg=PA99 (French) ''Annuaire de la pairie et de la noblesse de France'', 1845, page 99.]</ref>

There are other families called de Bethune or Bethune, but their links with the house of Bethune are not proven.<ref name="Chaix">[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1119977/f201.image.r=%22Le%20nom%20de%20Desplanques%20est%20tr%C3%A8s%20r%C3%A9pandu%20en%20Artois%20et%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9%20rien%20ne%20prouve%20que%20la%20famille%20Desplanques%20dont%20descendent%20les%20princes%20de%20B%C3%A9thune-Hesdigneul%20%22?rk=21459;2 (French) Gustave Chaix d'Est-Ange, ''Dictionnaire des familles françaises anciennes ou notables à la fin du XIXe siècle'', tome 4, pages 195-196.]</ref> One of them, Béthune-[[Hesdigneul-lès-Béthune|Hesdigneul]] family, has the princely title since 1781, recognized both in France and Belgium.

==The original House of Béthune==

===Lords of Béthune and advocates of Arras===

In 1639 André Du Chesne gave a lineage that went back to 1037,<ref name ="Duchesne"/> but the proven filiation dates back to Guillaume de Béthune called "Le Roux" who made his will in 1213 and died soon after.<ref name ="Anselme"/> *Robert I (died about 1037), called ''Faisseux'', lord of Béthune, [[Richebourg, Pas-de-Calais|Richebourg]] and [[Carency]] and Advocate of Arras, was the first of the house of Bethune, said to be descended from the [[County of Artois|Counts of Artois]].<ref name = Duchesne>(French) {{cite web|author= [[André Du Chesne]], Historiographe du Roy|year=1639|title= ''Histoire Généalogique de la Maison de Béthune, Justifïee par Chartes de diverses Églises & Abbayes, Arrests du Parlement, Titres particuliers, Epitaphes, & autres bonnes Preuves''|pages= 75 et seq |publisher= Sebastien Cramoisy, Imprimeur ordinaire du Roy|location= Aux Cicognes, Rue Saint Jacques, Paris}}</ref> *Robert II, lord of Béthune (died before 1075), elder son of Robert I.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert III, lord of Béthune (died 1100), elder son of Robert II.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Baudouin, younger son of Robert I, became Lord of Carency and founder of a separate branch.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert IV, lord of Béthune (died 1128), son of Robert III<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Guillaume I, lord of Béthune (died 1138), son of Robert IV<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert V, lord of Béthune (died 1191), called ''Le Roux'', was son of Guillaume I and died during the [[Third Crusade]] at [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert VI, lord of Béthune (died 1194), eldest son of Robert V.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *[[William II of Béthune|Guillaume II]], lord of Béthune (died 1213) (second son of Robert V according to André Du Chesne) married the heiress of [[Dendermonde]].<ref name="Anselme">[https://books.google.com/books?id=eK8-AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22I.+Guillaume+de+B%C3%A9thune%22++%22&pg=PA181 (French) Père Anselme, ''Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France'', volume 4, 1868, pages 181-229.]</ref> *Daniel (died 1227), eldest son of Guillaume II.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert VII (died 1249), second son of Guillaume II, died in [[Sardinia]] while on the [[Seventh Crusade]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> [[File:Mathilde Bethune.jpg|thumb|60px|Seal of Mathilde]] *[[Matilda of Béthune|Mathilde]] or Maud or Mahaut, daughter and heiress of Robert VII, married [[Guy, Count of Flanders]] and became mother of [[Robert III, Count of Flanders]], known as Robert of Béthune. The principal honours and lands of the Béthune family went with Mathilde to the Counts of Flanders. A younger son of Guillaume II was Lord of [[Loker]] and his family later achieved prominence in France.<ref name ="Duchesne"/>

===Younger sons=== *[[Baldwin of Béthune|Baudouin]] (died 1212), third son of Robert V, a close companion of King [[Richard I of England]], he married [[Hawise of Aumale]] and thus became [[Counts and Dukes of Aumale|Count of Aumale]].<ref name ="Anselme"/> *[[John of Béthune (died 1219)|Jean]] (died 1219), fourth son of Robert V, was [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai|Bishop of Cambrai]] and died during the [[Albigensian Crusade]] at the assault on [[Toulouse]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *[[Conon de Béthune|Conon]] (died 1219), fifth son of Robert V, a poet who served on the [[Fourth Crusade]] and settled at Adrianople, now [[Edirne]], becoming Regent of the [[Latin Empire]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *[[John of Béthune (died 1238)|Jean]] (died 1238), fifth son of Guillaume II, married [[Elizabeth, Countess of Saint-Pol]] (1228).<ref name ="Duchesne"/>

===Béthune of Palestine and Cyprus=== *Adam, son of Robert III, in 1099 went as a knight on the [[First Crusade]] with [[Robert II, Count of Flanders]] and was rewarded with the [[seigneurie]] of Bessan, now [[Beit She'an]], in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. His family spread through Palestine and [[Cyprus]], marrying other Frankish settlers as well as Armenians and Greeks.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *His descendant Richilde de Bessan married [[Baldwin of Ibelin]] and their daughter [[Eschive d'Ibelin (1160–1196)|Eschive d'Ibelin]] married [[Aimery of Cyprus|Aimery]], King of Cyprus and of Jerusalem.<ref name ="Duchesne"/>

===Béthune of Loker and Meaux=== *Guillaume III (died 1243), a younger son of Guillaume II, was Lord of Loker and [[Meulebeke]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Guillaume IV (died before 1255), a younger son of Guillaume III, was Lord of Loker and married the heiress of [[Hébuterne]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Guillaume V, eldest son of Guillaume IV, was Lord of Loker, married Jeanne de [[Nesle]], daughter of [[Joan, Countess of Ponthieu|Jeanne]], Countess of Ponthieu and Aumale and former Queen Consort of Castille and León.<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Guillaume VI (died 1340), son of Guillaume V, was Lord of Loker and Hébuterne, married the Lady of [[Vendeuil]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Jean I (died 1378), younger son of Guillaume VI, was Lord of Vendeuil. He married Jeanne, daughter of [[Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy]], Viscount of [[Meaux]].<ref name ="Duchesne"/> *Robert VIII (died 1408), elder son of Jean I, left three daughters as co-heiresses, among them [[Jeanne de Béthune, Viscountess of Meaux|Jeanne, Viscountess of Meaux]], who looked after [[Joan of Arc]] during her captivity. The line was continued by his younger brother Jean II.<ref name ="Duchesne"/>

===Béthune of Baye and Rosny=== [[File:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot - Château de Rosny.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Castle of Rosny, by J B C Corot]] *Jean II (died 1415 at the [[Battle of Agincourt]]), younger son of Jean I, was Lord of [[Mareuil-en-Brie|Mareuil]] and [[Baye, Marne|Baye]].<ref name ="Anselme"/> *Robert IX (died before 1476), son of Jean II, Lord of Mareuil and Baye, was a Councillor and Chamberlain to King [[Charles VII of France]].<ref name ="Anselme"/> *Jean III (died before 1512), son of Robert IX, was Lord of Mareuil and Baye.<ref name ="Anselme"/> *Alpin (died 1545), son of Jean III, became Baron of Baye and Mareuil.<ref name ="Anselme"/> *Jean IV (died about 1554), Baron of Baye, married Anne de Melun, who brought him the barony and castle of [[Château de Rosny-sur-Seine|Rosny]].<ref name ="Anselme"/> *François (1532–1575), son of Jean IV, was Baron of Rosny. His eldest son Louis died in 1578.<ref name ="Anselme"/>

===House of Sully=== [[File:Maximilien-de-Sully.jpg|thumb|170px|Maximilen de Béthune]]

===Béthunes, Dukes of Sully=== *Second son of François was [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully|Maximilien I]] (1559–1641), chief minister of King [[Henry IV of France]], who was Baron of Rosny from 1578 and became a [[Pair de France|Peer of France]] on creation as 1st Duke of Sully in 1606. In 1602 he bought the [[Château de Sully-sur-Loire|Castle of Sully-sur-Loire]] and in 1605 the Principality of Boisbelle, where he founded the town of [[Henrichemont]].<ref name ="Anselme"/> [[File:Sully-sur-Loire-Chateau-01-gje.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Castle of Sully]] *Maximilien II (1588–1634), son of Maximilien I, was Marquess of Rosny, Prince of Henrichemont and Baron of Bontin.<ref name = Noblesse>(French) {{cite web|author1=de La Chenaye-Desbois |author2=François Alexandre Aubert |year = 1771|title = ''Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, Contenant les Généalogies, l'Histoire & la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France''|edition = 2|volume = 2|page = 418 et seq|location =Paris}}</ref> *Maximilien François (1614–1661), son of Maximilien II, was 2nd Duke of Sully.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien Pierre François (1640–1694), son of Maximilien François, was 3rd Duke of Sully.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien François Pierre (1664–1712), elder son of Maximilien Pierre François, was 4th Duke of Sully.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien Henri (1669–1729). younger son of Maximilien Pierre François, was 5th Duke of Sully.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis Pierre Maximilien (1685–1751), third cousin of Maximilien Henri, was 6th Duke of Sully.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien Antoine Armand (1730–1786), first cousin once removed of Louis Pierre Maximilien, was 7th Duke of Sully but called Duc de Béthune.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien Alexis (1750–1776), elder son of Maximilien Antoine Armand, was 8th Duke of Sully. *Maximilien Gabriel (1756–1807), younger son of Maximilien Antoine Armand, was 9th Duke of Sully *Maximilien III (1784–1807), son of Maximilien Gabriel, was 10th and last Duke of Sully.

===Béthune-Orval=== *François (1598–1678), second son of Maximilien, 1st Duke of Sully, was created Duke of [[Orval, Cher|Orval]] and Peer of France by King Louis XIII but the grant was not registered and so could not pass to his heirs.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Maximilien Alpin (1631–1692), eldest surviving son of François, was Marquess of Béthune and Count of Orval.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis Pierre Maximilen (1685–1751), grandson of Maximilien Alpin, became 6th Duke of Sully (''see above'').<ref name = Noblesse/>

===Béthune-Chârost=== [[File:Blason Philippe de Béthune (1566-1649).svg|thumb|80px|Arms of Philippe de Béthune]] *Philippe (1566–1649), younger brother of Maximilien I, Count of [[Selles-sur-Cher|Selles]], Chârost and Mors, Marquess of [[Chabris]], was a diplomat and art connoisseur who was made a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]].<ref name = Noblesse/> [[File:Philippe de Béthune (1566-1649).jpg|thumb|80px|Philippe de Béthune]] *Henri (1604–1680), second son of Philippe, was Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayonne|Bayonne]] and of [[Ancient Diocese of Maillezais|Maillezais]] from 1630, then Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] from 1646.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis (1605–1681), third son of Philippe, became 1st Duke of Chârost.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis Armand (1640–1717), son of Louis, was 2nd Duke of Chârost.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Armand I (1663–1741), son of Louis Armand, was 3rd Duke of Chârost and Baron of [[Ancenis]].<ref name = Noblesse/> *Paul François (1682–1757), son of Armand I, was 4th Duke of Chârost and 1st Duke of Ancenis.<ref name = Noblesse/> *François Joseph (1719–1739), son of Paul François, was 5th Duke of Chârost and 2nd Duke of Ancenis.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Armand II Joseph (1738–1800), son of François Joseph, was 6th and last Duke of Chârost and 3rd and last Duke of Ancenis, as well as the last inheritor to the title of [[Count of Roucy]].<ref name = Noblesse/>

===Béthune-Chabris=== *Hippolyte I (1603–1665), eldest son of Philippe, was Marquess of Chabris and Count of Selles.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Henri (1632–1690), second son of Hippolyte I, was Count of Selles.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Armand (1635–1703), fourth son of Hippolyte I, was Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay|Le Puy]] from 1661.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Hippolyte II (1643–1720), sixth son of Hippolyte I, was [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Verdun|Bishop of Verdun]] from 1681.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis (1663–1734), son of Henri, was Count of Béthune.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis Armand (1711–1792), son of Louis, was Marquess of Béthune.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Armand Louis (1756–1833), son of Louis Armand, was the last Marquess of Béthune.<ref name = Noblesse/>

===Béthune-Selles=== *François Gaston (1638–1692), 5th son of Hippolyte I, Marquess of Chabris and a Lieutenant-General in the French army, married [[Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien|Marie Louise de La Grange]], sister of the [[Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien|Queen Consort of Poland]]. Two daughters of François Gaston married important members of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] [[szlachta|aristocracy]] and have numerous descendants.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Louis Marie Victor, son of François Gaston (1670–1744), Count of Béthune, was a Field Marshal in the French army and Grand Chamberlain to [[Stanislaus Leszczyński]], former King of Poland, when he became [[List of rulers of Lorraine|Duke of Lorraine and Bar]] in 1737.<ref name = Noblesse/> *Joachim Casimir Léon (1724–1769), son of Louis Marie Victor, a Field Marshal in the French army, was the last Count of Béthune.<ref name = Noblesse/>

===Béthunes in Poland and Lithuania=== *Jeanne Marie de Béthune (about 1673–1744), daughter of François Gaston, married Count Jan Stanislaw [[Jablonowski]] (1669–1731) and had five children, all of whom married. *Marie Christine Cathérine de Béthune (1677–1721), daughter of François Gaston, was married first to Prince Stanisław Kazimierz [[Radziwiłł]] (1648–1690), without children, and then to Prince [[Aleksander Paweł Sapieha]] (1671–1734), leaving three married children.

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin|30em}} {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Béthune (family)|volume=3}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK8-AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22I.+Guillaume+de+B%C3%A9thune%22++%22&pg=PA181 (French) Anselme (Father) ''Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France'', volume 4, 1868, pages 181-229 : Genealogy of the House of Béthune]. *Bethune, Sir Alexander Maitland Sharp, Baronet (1997). ''Fife Sharps and Bethunes''. London. *[[John Burke (genealogist)|Burke, John]] (1836). ''A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions or High Official Rank but Uninvested with Heritable Honours.'' London. *Burke, John, and [[John Bernard Burke|Burke, John Bernard]] (1847). ''A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland.'' London. *(French) Cayet, Pierre Victor Palma (1603). ''L'Oraison Funèbre du haut et puissant Monseigneur reverendissime l'Archevesque de Glasco, Melort James de Béthune.'' Paris. * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1119977/f201.image.r=%22Le%20nom%20de%20Desplanques%20est%20tr%C3%A8s%20r%C3%A9pandu%20en%20Artois%20et%20dans%20la%20r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9%20rien%20ne%20prouve%20que%20la%20famille%20Desplanques%20dont%20descendent%20les%20princes%20de%20B%C3%A9thune-Hesdigneul%20%22?rk=21459;2 (French) Chaix d'Est-Ange, Gustave. ''Dictionnaire des familles françaises anciennes ou notables à la fin du XIXe siècle'', tome 4, pages 195-196.]

*Clark, James Toshach (1900). ''Genealogical Collections Concerning Families in Scotland Made by Walter Macfarlane 1750–1751. Edited from the Original Manuscripts in The Advocates' Library.'' Vol 1, Edinburgh. *Conolly, M. F. (1866). ''Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Men of Fife, of Past ond Present Times, Natives of ihe County, or Connected with It by Property, Residence, Office, Marriage, or Otherwise.'' Edinburgh. *(French) De La Chenaye-Desbois, François Alexandre (1771). ''Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 2nd ed, vol 2.'' Paris. *(French) De La Chenaye-Desbois, François Alexandre (1864). ''Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 3rd ed, vol 3.'' Paris, Schlesinger. *(French) Denele, Gilbert (2007). ''La Maison de Béthune'' http://www.amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bethune.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309044747/http://amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bethune.html |date=9 March 2016 }} *(French) Denele, Gilbert (2007). ''La Famille de Béthune: Généalogie de la Branche de Bessan'' http://www.amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bessan.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911074806/http://amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bessan.html |date=11 September 2016 }} *(French) Denele, Gilbert (2007). ''Les Béthune en Angleterre et en Écosse: Les Béthune de Balfour'' http://www.amisdumusee-bethune.fr/balfour.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910075535/http://amisdumusee-bethune.fr/balfour.html |date=10 September 2016 }} *(French) Denele, Gilbert (2009). ''Conon de Béthune'' [https://archive.today/20130701143953/http://www.amisdumusee-bethune.fr/conon.html] *(French) [[André Du Chesne|Du Chesne, André]] (1639). ''Histoire Généalogique de la Maison de Béthune.'' Paris. *(French) d'Ursel, Comte Baudouin (2009). ''Princes de Béthune-Hesdigneul'' http://www.amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bethune-hesdigneul.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911074841/http://amisdumusee-bethune.fr/bethune-hesdigneul.html |date=11 September 2016 }} *Farrer, William (1923) ''Honors and knights' fees : an attempt to identify the component parts of certain honors and to trace the descent of the tenants of the same who held by knight's service or serjeanty from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. Vol 3'' London, Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. *Gordon, John (editor) (1845). ''The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Volume 9: Fife & Kinross.'' The Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy. *[[Charlotte Lennox|Lennox, Charlotte]] (translator) (1756).''Memoirs of Maximilian de Béthune, duke of Sully, prime minister to Henry the Great. Containing the history of the life and reign of that monarch, and his own administration under him, Vol 1.'' London. *Lyell, James Patrick Ronaldson (1894), in Hallen, Reverend A W Cornelius, editor ''The Scottish Antiquary, or Northern Notes & Queries, Vol 8.'' Edinburgh. *MacGeorge, Andrew (1834). ''Miscellaneous Papers Principally Illustrative of Events in the Reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI Presented to the Maitland Club.'' Edinburgh. *(French) Moréri, Louis (1731). ''Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique.'' Basel. *(German) Schwennicke, Reverend Detlev (1979). ''[[Europäische Stammtafeln]], Band VII, Tafel 57–61.'' Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann. *Weisse, Jane Lee Hunt (1866). ''Records, Genealogical Charts, and Traditions of the Families of Bethune and Faneuil from Authentic Documents including Records of the Families of Hunt and Weisse.'' New York. *Whyte, Reverend Thomas (1778). ''An Historical and Genealogical Account of the Bethunes of the Island of Sky.'' Edinburgh. *Wood, Reverend Walter (1862). ''The East Neuk of Fife: History And Antiquities, Geology, Botany, And Natural History In General.'' Edinburgh. *Wood, Reverend Walter, and Wood Brown, Reverend James (1887).'' The East Neuk of Fife Its History and Antiquities.'' Edinburgh. {{refend}}

[[Category:French noble families|Bethune]] [[Category:Dukes of Sully]] [[Category:Béthune]]