Horst Sindermann

{{Short description|German politician (1915–1990)}} {{Expand German|topic=bio|date=May 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Horst Sindermann | image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-M1030-0315, Horst Sindermann.jpg | caption = Sindermann in 1976 | office = President of the Volkskammer | deputy = {{ubl|Friedrich Ebert Jr.|Gerald Götting}} | term_start = 29 October 1976 | term_end = 13 November 1989 | predecessor = Gerald Götting | successor = Günther Maleuda | office1 = Chairman of the Council of Ministers | 2blankname1 = {{nowrap|First Deputy}} | 2namedata1 = {{ubl|Günter Mittag|Alfred Neumann}} | term_start1 = 3 October 1973 | term_end1 = 29 October 1976 | predecessor1 = Willi Stoph | successor1 = Willi Stoph | office2 = First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers | 1blankname2 = Chairman | alongside2 = Alfred Neumann | 1namedata2 = {{ubl|Willi Stoph}} | term_start2 = 14 May 1971 | term_end2 = 3 October 1973 | predecessor2 = ''Position established'' | successor2 = Günter Mittag | office3 = First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party in Bezirk Halle | 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|Second Secretary}} | 1namedata3 = {{unbulleted list|Gerhard Frost|Werner Felfe}} | term_start3 = 21 January 1963 | term_end3 = 19 June 1971 | predecessor3 = Bernard Koenen | successor3 = Werner Felfe | office4 = Head of the Agitation Department of the Central Committee{{efn|As head of the Agitation and Propaganda Department from 1957 to 1961}} | 1blankname4 = {{nowrap|Secretary}} | 1namedata4 = {{unbulleted list|Fred Oelßner|Albert Norden}} | deputy5 = {{ubl|Reginald Grimmer|Otto Reinhold|Kurt Tiedke}} | term_start4 = 7 April 1954 | term_end4 = 21 January 1963 | predecessor5 = Peter Pries | successor5 = Rudolf Singer {{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Volkskammer |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office6 = Member of the Volkskammer for Halle/Saale, Halle-Neustadt | term_start6 = 20 October 1963 | term_end6 = 16 November 1989 | predecessor6 = ''multi-member district'' | successor6 = Joachim Pfeiffer{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|9|5|df=y}} | birth_place = Dresden, Free State of Saxony, German Empire {{small|(now Germany)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|4|20|1915|9|5|df=y}} | death_place = East Berlin, East Germany | party = Socialist Unity Party {{small|(1946–1990)}} | other_party = Communist Party of Germany {{small|(1945–1946)}} | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Civil Servant}} | relatives = {{ill|Kurt Sindermann|de}} (brother) | module2 = {{collapsible list | title = Central institution membership | bullets = on | 1967–1989: Full member, Politburo of the Central Committee | 1963–1989: Full member, Central Committee | 1958–1963: Candidate member, Central Committee }} ---- {{collapsible list | title = Other offices held | bullets = on | 1976–1989: Deputy Chairman, State Council | 1976–1989: Member, State Council | 1972–1989: Member, National Defence Council }} }}

'''Horst Sindermann''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhɔʁst ˈzɪndɐman}}; 5 September 1915 – 20 April 1990) was an East German politician. He became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1973, but in 1976 he became President of the Volkskammer, the only member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany to hold the post.

==Early life==

Sindermann was born in a traditional family in Dresden as the son of the Saxon Social Democratic politician Karl Sindermann. His older brother, Kurt Sindermann, also entered politics as a member of the Communist Party and sat on the Saxon state parliament from 1929 to 1933.

Horst Sindermann joined the Communist Youth Federation (KJVD) in 1929 and in 1932 became a local functionary in Dresden. The group was banned by the Nazi regime and in June 1933, Sindermann was arrested and condemned to eight months of imprisonment for illegal political activities. In September 1934, he became political leader of the KJVD's Dresden branch. In March 1935, he again was arrested for attempted high treason, tortured and put in solitary confinement for six years at Waldheim jail. In 1941, he was transferred to "protective custody" to several concentration camps, first at Sachsenhausen, then at Mauthausen in Upper Austria, and finally at Ebensee, until being freed by the arriving U.S. army in 1945.

==Career in East Germany==

After the war, Sindermann returned to Saxony and joined the KPD. After 1946 he was a member of the Socialist Unity Party (SED), created in April 1946 from the forced merger of Communists and Social Democrats in the Soviet Occupation Zone.

Sindermann worked as a newspaper editor of the ''Sächsische Volkszeitung'' at Dresden and the ''Volksstimme'' at Chemnitz from 1945 to 1947. He became First party secretary in the ''Landkreis'' of Chemnitz and Leipzig. He ran afoul of party co-chairman Otto Grotewohl, whom he criticised for being married to a former Nazi functionary, and in June 1949 was censured by the party's controlling commission and was demoted to the ''Freiheit'' paper in Halle, where he then became editor-in-chief from 1950 to 1953.

Sindermann was director of agitation and propaganda in the Central Committee from 1954 to 1963. In 1958, he became a candidate and in 1963 a member of the Central Committee. In the same year, he also was appointed first party secretary in the district of Halle (until 1971) and was first elected into the Volkskammer. In 1967, he was admitted to the Politburo.

==In the East German leadership==

In 1971, he became Deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers—i. e., deputy prime minister of East Germany. Two years later, he became its chairman, or prime minister, when the previous occupant, Willi Stoph, succeeded the deceased Walter Ulbricht as Chairman of the State Council.

His rise was cut short in October 1976, as party leader Erich Honecker deemed his economic views too liberal. Stoph returned to the premiership, while Sindermann was demoted to the posts of President of the Volkskammer and deputy chairman of the State Council. He was the only Communist to preside over the Volkskammer; the SED had previously reserved the Volkshammer presidency for a top member of a block party to show that East Germany was governed by a broad-based coalition. Although he nominally held the third-highest state office in East Germany (behind Prime Minister Stoph and State Council chairman Honecker), he was left with little political influence.

As a representative of the Socialist Unity Party, Horst Sindermann spoke during the commemorations of the liberation of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp at the National Memorial of the GDR.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tillack-Graf |first=Anne-Kathleen |title=Erinnerungspolitik der DDR. Dargestellt an der Berichterstattung der Tageszeitung "Neues Deutschland" über die Nationalen Mahn- und Gedenkstätten Buchenwald, Ravensbrück und Sachsenhausen |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2012 |isbn=978-3-631-63678-7 |location=Frankfurt am Main |pages=15, 17–18, 28, 31, 33, 36, 38–39, 41–42, 44, 58, 63–64, 66, 80–81 |language=de}}</ref>

==Resignation and final years==

Sindermann remained in these positions until the peaceful revolution, during which he resigned from all offices in November 1989. In a desperate attempt to change its image, the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), the renamed SED, expelled him in December.

In January 1990 he was arrested but eventually released on health concerns, without charges being filed. He died in April the same year in East Berlin.

==Family==

His stepson was the actor Peter Sindermann. His grandson is the handball player and fashion designer Eric Sindermann.

== Selected works ==

* ''Chinas großer Sprung'' (= ''Internationale Reihe''). Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1959 * ''Erfolgreich voran auf dem Kurs des VIII. Parteitages: ausgewählte Reden und Aufsätze.'' Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1975 * ''Frieden und Sozialismus, Staatsdoktrin der DDR. Ausgewählte Reden und Aufsätze.'' Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1980 * ''Alles für das Volk, alles mit dem Volk. Ausgewählte Reden und Aufsätze.'' Dietz-Verlag, Berlin 1985 * ''Vor Tageslicht. Autobiografie.'' Mit einem Vorwort von Egon Krenz. Das Neue Berlin, 2015.

==References== {{Reflist}} *http://www.stiftung-aufarbeitung.de/service_wegweiser/www2.php?ID=2664{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== Bibliography ==

* Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Bernd-Rainer Barth: "Sindermann, Horst". In: ''Wer war wer in der DDR?'' 5. Ausgabe. Band 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010. * Hermann Wentker: "Sindermann, Horst Herbert". In: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (NDB). Band 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, p. 457 f. ([https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0008/bsb00085893/images/index.html?seite=481 source])

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sindermann, Horst}} Category:1915 births Category:1990 deaths Category:Politicians from Dresden Category:Politicians from the Kingdom of Saxony Category:Communist Party of Germany politicians Category:Members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany Category:Prime ministers of East Germany Category:Deputy prime ministers of East Germany Category:Members of the State Council of East Germany Category:Presidents of the Volkskammer Category:Members of the 4th Volkskammer Category:Members of the 5th Volkskammer Category:Members of the 6th Volkskammer Category:Members of the 7th Volkskammer Category:Members of the 8th Volkskammer Category:Members of the 9th Volkskammer Category:German newspaper editors Category:Heads of state and government who were later imprisoned