{{Short description|Genus of trilobites}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = late Botomian<br />~{{fossil range|518|516}} | image = Holyoakia simpsoni.jpg | image_caption = ''Holyoakia simpsoni'', © Dave Simpson | taxon = Holyoakia | authority = Palmer ''in'' Palmer & Rowell, 1995 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = * ''Holyoakia granulosa'' <small>Palmer ''in'' Palmer & Rowell, 1995 (Type)</small> * ''Holyoakia simpsoni'' <small>Paterson & Jago, 2006</small> }}
'''''Holyoakia''''' is a genus of very small (up to 7½ mm long) trilobites of the family Dorypygidae, from the late Lower Cambrian (Late Botonian) of South Australia and Antarctica.<ref name="Paterson&Jago"/>
== Etymology == ''Holyoakia simpsoni'' was named in honor of David Simpson from Adelaide, who collected the first specimens.<ref name="Paterson&Jago"/>
== Distribution == * ''Holyoakia granulosa'' has only been collected from the late Lower Cambrian of Antarctica (presumably Botomian, Shackleton Limestone, Central Transantarctic Mountains) * ''Holyoakia simpsoni'' only occurs in the late Lower Cambrian of South Australia (mid-late Botomian, Emu Bay Shale, Big Gully, Kangaroo Island).
== Taxonomy == The genus was originally with reservation placed in the Emuellidae. The genus however lacks the specific characteristics of this family, most notably, the clearly furrowed glabella that is rounded at the frontal end, the hook-shaped eye ridges that run parallel to the margin of the head shield (or cephalon), clearly distinguishable prothorax of six segments, the most backward one with much larger spines than all others, and opistothorax of many segments, while the pygidium is tiny. ''Holyoakia'' however, has a rectangular glabella, difficult to discern eye ridges, a thorax of eight segments which is not differentiated and has no macropleural segment, and the pygidium is not much smaller than the cephalon.<ref name="Paterson&Jago">{{cite journal|last1= Paterson|first1= R.J.|last2= Jago|first2=J.B.|year= 2006|title= New trilobites from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte at Big Gully, Kangaroo Island, South Australia.|journal= Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists|volume= 32|pages= 43–57|hdl= 1959.14/10651|issn= 0810-8889}}</ref>
== Ecology == ''Holyoakia simpsoni'' occurs together with ''Redlichia takooensis'', ''Estaingia bilobata'', ''Balcoracania dailyi'', and ''Megapharanaspis nedini''.
== Key to the species == {| |- valign="top" align="left" ! scope="row" width="3%" | '''1''' |Pygidium subtriangular, about 1½× as wide as long. Pygidial axis with 8 discernible rings. 6 pairs of pygidial pleura terminate in well developed spines.<br />→ '''''Holyoakia granulosa'''''
|- valign="top" align="left" ! scope="row" width="3%" | '''-''' |Pygidium transversely elliptical, more than 2× as wide as long. Pygidial axis with 5 discernible rings. 4 pairs of pygidial pleural furrows end in nodes.<br />→ '''''Holyoakia simpsoni'''''<ref name="Paterson&Jago"/> |}
== References == {{Portal|Paleontology}} {{Reflist}}
== Further reading == <!--- Note: to edit Australian Trilobite References go to the Template:Australian Trilobite References template ---> {{refbegin}} * {{cite book | chapter = Burgess Shale-type Localities: The global picture | author = Hagadorn, J.W. | editor = Bottjer, D.J. |editor2=W. Etter |editor3=J.W. Hagadorn |editor4=C.M. Tang | title=Exceptional Fossil Preservation -- A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life | publisher=Columbia University Press | year=2002 | isbn =0231102542 }} * {{cite web |author1=Greg Edgecombe |website=The Australian Museum | title=Australian Trilobites: A Species List and Bibliography | url=http://www.austmus.gov.au/palaeontology/research/trilobites03.htm? | accessdate=August 23, 2005 }} * {{cite web | author=Sam Gon III | title=A guide to the Orders of Trilobites | url=http://www.trilobites.info/index.htm | accessdate=August 23, 2005 }} * {{cite journal | author=Nedin, C. | title=The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerstätte, Kangaroo Island, South Australia | journal=Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists | year=1995 | volume=18 | pages=31–40 }} * {{cite web |author = Simpson, Dave |title = Trilobites of South Australia |url = http://info.esc.net.au/~dasimpson/index.htm |accessdate = August 23, 2005 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060219192556/http://info.esc.net.au/~dasimpson/index.htm |archivedate = February 19, 2006 }} {{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5887050}}
Category:Corynexochida genera Category:Dorypygidae Category:Cambrian trilobites Category:Trilobites of Antarctica Category:Trilobites of Australia Category:Fossil taxa described in 1995