List of kings of Mari

{{short description|None}} The city of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] in modern [[Syria]] was ruled by several dynasties in the [[Bronze Age]]. The history of the city is divided into three kingdoms. Rulers in orange are legendary figures with notably uncertain historicity.

==First kingdom== The ''[[Sumerian King List]] (SKL)'' records a dynasty of six kings from Mari enjoying hegemony between the dynasty of [[Adab (city)|Adab]] and the dynasty of [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]].{{sfn|Haldar|1971|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=S88UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA16 16]}} The names of the Mariote kings were damaged on the early copies of the list,{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58 58]}} and those kings were correlated with historical kings that belonged to the second kingdom.{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 117]}} However, an undamaged copy of the list that date to the [[Old Babylonian period]] was discovered in [[Tell Leilan|Shubat-Enlil]],{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58 58]}} and the names bears no resemblance to any of the historically attested monarchs of the second kingdom,{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58 58]}} indicating that the compilers of the list had an older and probably a legendary dynasty in mind, that predate the second kingdom.{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58 58]}} {|class="wikitable"border="1"style="width:100%;text-align:center" |- !width="1%"|# !width="16.5%"|Inscription !width="16.5%"|Ruler !width="16.5%"|[[Akkadian royal titulary#Epithets|Epithet]] !width="16.5%"|Reign !width="16.5%"|Notes |- |colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Early Dynastic III|Early Dynastic IIIa period]] ({{circa|2600|2500 BC}})''' |- !colspan="7"|First Mariote kingdom ({{circa|2900|2500 BC}}) |- |colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"Then [[Adab (city)#List of rulers|Adab]] was defeated and the [[Throne|kingship]] was taken to Mari."''{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}}|''SKL''}} |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |1st |rowspan="6"|[[File:Weld-Blundell Prism with transcription and translation by Stephen Herbert Langdon (1876-1937).jpg|120px]] |Anbu 𒀭𒁍 | |c. 2550 BC{{sfn|Hamblin|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PT279#v=onepage&q&f=true 279]}} (60 years) | *This name is also read as Ilshu{{sfn|Kramer|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iY9xp4pLp88C&pg=PA329 329]}} *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"[[lugal|King]]"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"[[Hegemony|Kingship]]"'' over ''all'' of [[Sumer]] *Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |2nd |Anba 𒀭𒁀 | |c. 2550 BC (12 years) | *Historicity uncertain *Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"King"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"Kingship"'' over ''all'' of Sumer *Son of Anbu{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}} |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |3rd |[[Bazi (king)|Bazi]] 𒁀𒍣 |''"the [[leatherworker]]"''{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}} |c. 2550 BC (30 years) | *Historicity uncertain *Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"King"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"Kingship"'' over ''all'' of Sumer |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |4th |Zizi 𒍣𒍣 |''"the [[Fulling|fuller]]"''{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}} |c. 2550 BC (20 years) | *Historicity uncertain *Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"King"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"Kingship"'' over ''all'' of Sumer |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |5th |Limer 𒇷𒅎𒅕 |''"the 'gudug' priest"''{{#tag:ref|Gudug was a rank in the hierarchy of the Mesopotamian temple workers, a guduj priest was not specialized to a certain deity cult, and served in many temples.{{sfn|Black|Cunningham|Robson|Zólyomi|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=a1W2mTtGVV4C&pg=PA112 112]}}|group=note}}{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}} |c. 2550 BC (30 years) | *Historicity uncertain *Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"King"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"Kingship"'' over ''all'' of Sumer |- |-bgcolor="#FFD068" |6th |Sharrum-iter 𒈗𒄿𒌁 | |c. 2550 BC (8 years) | *Historicity uncertain *It has been suggested that only Sharrum-iter held the hegemony after [[Lugal-Anne-Mundu]] *Said on the ''SKL'' to have held the title of, ''"King"'' of not just Mari; but, to have held the ''"Kingship"'' over ''all'' of Sumer |- !colspan="7"| |- |colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"6 kings; they ruled for 184 years. Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to [[Kish (Sumer)#List of rulers|Kish]]."''{{sfn|Cohen|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 148]}}|''SKL''}} |}

==Second kingdom== The chronological order of the kings from the second kingdom era is highly uncertain; nevertheless, it is assumed that the letter of Enna-Dagan lists them in a chronological order.{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT739 293–298]}} Many of the kings were attested through their own votive objects discovered in the city,{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT742 293–298]}}{{sfn|Hamblin|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT241 244]}} and the dates are highly speculative.{{sfn|Hamblin|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT241 244]}} {|class="wikitable"border="1"style="width:100%;text-align:center" |- !width="25%"|Depiction !width="25%"|Ruler !width="25%"|Reign !width="25%"|Notes |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''Early Dynastic IIIb period ({{circa|2500|2350 BC}})''' |- !colspan="4"|Second Mariote kingdom ({{circa|2500|2266 BC}}) |- | |[[Ikun-Mari]] 𒄣𒄿𒈠𒌷𒆠 |c. 2500 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''[[Tempore|temp.]]'' of [[Ush, king of Umma|Ush]]<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Marchesi|first=Gianni|editor-last=Sallaberger|editor-first=Walther|editor-link=Walther Sallaberger|editor-last2=Schrakamp|editor-first2=Ingo|date=January 2015|title=Toward a Chronology of Early Dynastic Rulers in Mesopotamia|url=https://www.academia.edu/10655886|journal=History and Philology (ARCANE 3; Turnhout)|pages=139–156}}</ref> *This name is inscribed on a jar in Mari{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT777 315]}} |- |[[File:Ikun-Shamash.jpg|120px]] |[[Ikun-Shamash]] 𒄿𒆪𒀭𒌓 |c. 2500 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *May have ruled before the reign of [[Ur-Nanshe]]{{sfn|Haldar|1971|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=S88UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA16 16]}} *''temp.'' of [[Lugal-zage-si]] (?)<ref name=":0"/> |- |[[File:Iku-Shamagan - Mari - Temple of Ninni-Zaza (retouched).jpg|120px]] |[[Iku-Shamagan]] 𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶 |c. 2500 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Ur-Lumma]]<ref name=":0"/> *His name was inscribed on a votive statue offered by his official "Shibum"{{sfn|Cooper|1986|p=87}} |- | |[[Ansud]] |c. 2423 – c. 2416 BC | *His name is inscribed on a jar (as Hanusum) sent to Mari by [[Mesannepada]] of [[Ur]]{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 117]}}{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58 58]}} *The name was read by [[Giovanni Pettinato|Pettinato]] as Anubu{{sfn|Astour|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA57 57]}}{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT745 299]}} |- | |[[Sa'umu]] |c. 2416 – c. 2400 BC | *''temp.'' of [[Kun-Damu]] *He was attested in Enna-Dagan's letter as conquering many lands{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 119]}} |- | |[[Ishtup-Ishar]] 𒅖𒁾𒄿𒊬 |c. 2400 BC<ref name="Hamblin">{{cite book |author=William J. Hamblin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT242 |title=Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC |year=2006 |isbn=9781134520626 |page=242}}</ref> | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Il, king of Umma|Il]]<ref name=":0"/> *He was attested in Enna-Dagan's letter as conquering Emar and other Eblaite vassals{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 119]}} |- | |[[Iblul-Il]] 𒅁𒈜𒅋 |c. 2380 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Igrish-Halam]]<ref name=":0"/> *He forced Ebla to pay tribute{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 119]}} |- | |[[Nizi]] |c. 2360 BC{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=333}} | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Enentarzi]]<ref name=":0"/> |- | |[[Enna-Dagan]] |c. 2355 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Irkab-Damu]]<ref name=":0"/> *He wrote a letter to [[Irkab-Damu]] of Ebla to assert Mari's authority{{sfn|Roux|1992|p=142}} |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''Proto-Imperial period ({{circa|2350|2266 BC}})''' |- |[[File:Ishqi-Mari (dark background).jpg|120px]] |[[Ishqi-Mari]] 𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷 |c. 2350 - c. 2330 BC | *''temp.'' of [[Ur-Zababa]]<ref name=":0"/> *His name was previously read as Lamgi-Mari{{sfn|Heimpel|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tiHwDe7JmCEC&pg=PA3 3]}} *Hypothetically the last king before the conquests of [[Akkadian Empire|Akkad]]{{sfn|Bretschneider|Van Vyve|Leuven|2009|p=5}} |- | |[[Ikun-Ishar]] 𒄿𒆪𒊬 |c. 2320 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Meskigal]]<ref name=":0"/> *He forced Ebla to pay tribute{{sfn|Liverani|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 119]}} |- | |[[Hidar (king)|Hidar]] |c. 2300 BC | *Held the title of, ''"King"'' *''temp.'' of [[Enshakushanna]]<ref name=":0"/> *He is attested in the archives of Ebla, which was destroyed during his reign{{sfn|Frayne|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT827 339]}} |}

==Third kingdom== The third kingdom was ruled by two dynasties: the [[Shakkanakku]]s and the Lim. For the Shakkanakkus, the lists are incomplete and after [[Hanun-Dagan]] who ruled at the end of the Ur era c. 2008 BC (c. 1920 BC [[Short chronology]]), they become full of lacunae.{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nUT_RtyQ8C&pg=PA593 593]}} Roughly 13 more Shakkanakkus succeeded Hanun-Dagan but only few are known, with the last known one reigning not too long before the reign of [[Yaggid-Lim]] who founded the Lim dynasty in c. 1830 BC, which was interrupted by Assyrian occupation in 1796–1776 BC.{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nUT_RtyQ8C&pg=PA597 597]}}{{sfn|Bertman|2005|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&pg=PA87 87]}} {|class="wikitable"border="1"style="width:100%;text-align:center" |- !width="20%"|Depiction !width="20%"|Ruler !width="20%"|Reign !width="20%"|Notes |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''Akkadian period ({{circa|2266|2154 BC}})''' |- !colspan="4"|Third Mariote kingdom ({{circa|2266|1761 BC}}) |- |colspan="4"|'''Shakkanakku dynasty ({{circa|2266|1830 BC}})''' |- | |[[Ididish]] |c. 2266 - c. 2206 BC | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' |- | |[[Shu-Dagan]] |c. 2206 - c. 2200 BC | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' *Son of Ididish{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nAGFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA152 152]}} |- | |[[Ishma-Dagan]] 𒅖𒈣𒀭𒁕𒃶 |c. 2200 - c. 2154 BC{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}}{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=81}} | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' |- | |[[Nûr-Mêr]] 𒉌𒉿𒅈𒈨𒅕 |c. 2154 - c. 2148 BC | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' *Son of Ishma-Dagan{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}} |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Gutian period]] ({{circa|2154|2119 BC}})''' |- |[[File:Ishtup-Ilum statue (head).jpg|120px]] |[[Ishtup-Ilum]] 𒅖𒁾𒀭 |c. 2148 – c. 2136 BC | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' *Son of Ishma-Dagan{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}} |- | |[[Ishgum-Addu]] 𒅖𒄣𒀭𒅎 |c. 2136 - c. 2127 BC{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}} | *Held the title of, ''"Military Governor"'' |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Ur III period]] ({{circa|2119|2004 BC}})''' |- | |[[Apil-kin]] 𒀀𒉈𒄀 |c. 2127 - c. 2091 BC | *Was designated with the royal title [[Lugal]] in a votive inscription set by his daughter{{sfn|Michalowski|1995|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=thIxCmwfNoMC&pg=PA187 187]}} *Son of Ishgum-Addu{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}}{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=18}} |- |[[file:Idi-ilum_Louvre_AO_19486_n01.jpg|120px]] |[[Iddi-ilum]] 𒄿𒋾𒀭 |c. 2091 - c. 2085 BC | *His name is also read as Iddi-Ilum; his name was inscribed on his votive [[Statue of Iddi-Ilum|statue]]{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nAGFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 76]}} |- | |[[Ili-Ishar]] 𒀭𒄿𒊬 |c. 2085 - c. 2072 BC | *His name is inscribed on a brick{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nAGFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA78 78]}} |- |[[file:Statue_of_governor_of_Tura_Dagan,_Mari._Originally_from_Mari,_found_in_Babylon._1894-1594_BCE._Ancient_Orient_Museum,_Istanbul.jpg|120px]] |[[Tura-Dagan]] 𒌅𒊏𒀭𒁕𒃶 |c. 2072 - c. 2050 BC ||Son of Apil-kin{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=168}} |- |[[file:Statue_of_Puzur-Ishtar.jpg|120px]] |[[Puzur-Ishtar]] 𒆃𒊭𒁹𒁯 |c. 2050 – c. 2025 BC | *Used the royal title{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA91 91]}} *Son of Tura-Dagan{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA86 86]}} |- | |[[Hitlal-Erra]] |c. 2025 – c. 2017 BC | *Used the royal title{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA91 91]}} *Son of Puzur-Ishtar{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA92 92]}} |- | |[[Hanun-Dagan]] |c. 2017 – c. 2008 BC | *Used the royal title{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA91 91]}} *Son of Puzur-Ishtar{{sfn|Leick|2002|p=67}} |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Isin-Larsa period]] ({{circa|2004|1796 BC}})''' |- | |[[Isi-Dagan]] |c. 2000 BC | *This name is inscribed on a seal{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=594}} |- | |[[Ennin-Dagan]] |c. 1900 BC | *Son of Isi-Dagan{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nUT_RtyQ8C&pg=PA596 596]}} |- | |Itur-(...) |c. 1900 BC | *This name is damaged, a gap separate him from Ennin-Dagan{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2nUT_RtyQ8C&pg=PA597 597]}} |- | |[[Amer-Nunu]] |c. 1900 BC | *This name is inscribed on a seal{{sfn|Oliva|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=MM3SJvJgGKoC&pg=PA87 87]}}{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=598}} |- | |[[Tir-Dagan]] |c. 1900 BC | *Son of Itur-(...){{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=599}} |- | |Dagan-(...) |c. 1900 BC | *This name is damaged and is the last attested Shakkanakku{{sfn|Frayne|1990|p=600}} |- |colspan="4"|'''Lim dynasty ({{circa|1830|1796 BC}})''' |- | |[[Yaggid-Lim]] |c. 1830 – c. 1820 BC | *He may have ruled in Suprum rather than in Mari{{sfn|Porter|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7TEgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 31]}}{{sfn|Feliu|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IN9_IRYKKUMC&pg=PA86 86]}} |- | |[[Yahdun-Lim]] |c. 1820 – c. 1797 BC | *Son of Yaggid-Lim |- | |[[Sumu-Yamam]] |c. 1797 – c. 1796 BC | |- !colspan="4"| |- |colspan="4"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Old Assyrian period]] ({{circa|1796|1761 BC}})''' |- |colspan="4"|'''[[List of Assyrian kings#Shamshi-Adad dynasty (1808–1736 BC)|Dynasty of Shamshi-Adad]] ({{circa|1796|1776 BC}})''' |- | |[[Yasmah-Adad]] |c. 1796 – c. 1776 BC | *Son of Shamshi-Adad I{{sfn|Tetlow|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ONkJ_Rj1SS8C&pg=PA125 125]}} |- !colspan="4"| |- | |[[Ishar-Lim]] |c. 1776 – c. 1775 BC | *He was an Assyrian official who usurped the throne for a few months between Yasmah-Adad's escape and Zimri-Lim's arrival{{sfn|Dalley|2002|p=143}} |- !colspan="4"| |- |colspan="4"|'''Lim restoration ({{circa|1776|1761 BC}})''' |- |[[file:Investiture_of_Zimri-Lim_Louvre_AO19826_n01.jpg|120px]] |[[Zimri-Lim]] 𒍣𒅎𒊑𒇷𒅎 |c. 1775 – c. c. 1760 BC |- !colspan="4"| |}

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Iku-Shamagan - Mari - Temple of Ninni-Zaza (retouched).jpg|Statue of [[Iku-Shamagan]], c. 2453 BC. Temple of Ninni-Zaza, Mari.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spycket |first1=Agnès |title=Handbuch der Orientalistik |date=1981 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-06248-1 |pages=87–89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idYUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parrot |first1=André |title=Les fouilles de Mari Huitième campagne (automne 1952) |journal=Syria |date=1953 |volume=30 |issue=3/4 |pages=196–221 |doi=10.3406/syria.1953.4901 |jstor=4196708 |issn=0039-7946|url=http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/syria_0039-7946_1953_num_30_3_4901.pdf }}</ref> [[National Museum of Damascus]]. File:Ishtup-Ilum statue (front, wider).jpg|[[Ishtup-Ilum]], Shakkanakku of Mari (c. 2150 BC) File:Statue of Puzur-Ishtar.jpg|[[Puzur-Ishtar]], Shakkanakku of Mari (c. 2050 BC) </gallery>

==References== ===Notes=== {{notelist-lr}} {{reflist|group=note}}

===Citations=== {{reflist}}

===Bibliography=== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book|last=Astour|first=Michael C.|editor-first=Cyrus Herzl|editor-last=Gordon|editor-link=Cyrus H. Gordon|editor-last2=Rendsburg|editor-first2=Gary A.|editor-link2=Gary A. 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[[Category:Kings of Mari]] [[Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia|Mari]]