Waldbrunn, Hesse

{{Infobox German place |type = |name = Waldbrunn (Westerwald) |image_coa = DEU Waldbrunn (Westerwald) COA.svg |image_flag = DEU Waldbrunn (Westerwald) Banner.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|N|08|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Waldbrunn in LM.svg |state = Hessen |region = Gießen |district = Limburg-Weilburg |elevation = 240 - 425 |area = 29.77 |postal_code = 65620 |area_code = 06479, 06436 (Ellar, Hausen) |licence = LM, WEL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 33 016 |website = [https://www.waldbrunn.de www.waldbrunn.de] |mayor = Peter Blum<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |party = Independent |leader_term = 2020–26 }} '''Waldbrunn (Westerwald)''' ({{IPA|de|ˈvaltˌbʁʊn}}) is a municipality in [[Limburg-Weilburg]] district in [[Hesse]], Germany.

==Geography==

===Location=== The community lies in the southern [[Westerwald]]. Within the municipal area rises the Kerkerbach, which flows through the centres of Fussingen and Lahr. The Lasterbach flows through the centres of Ellar and Hausen after rising on the nearby Knoten (mountain).

===Neighbouring communities=== Other communities bordering on Waldbrunn are, clockwise from the north, [[Mengerskirchen]], [[Merenberg]], [[Beselich]], [[Hadamar]], [[Elbtal]], [[Dornburg]] and [[Neunkirchen, Westerwaldkreis|Neunkirchen]].

===Constituent communities=== [[Image:Kirche-Burg.jpg|thumb|left|View from Ellar of the church and castle]] [[Image:Fussingen Panorama.jpg|thumb|left|Panorama of Fussingen]] [[Image:Lahr ww Panorama.jpg|thumb|left|Panorama of Lahr]] The community consists of five ''[[Ortsteil]]e''. The numbering was arranged so that the centre with the community's main postal station was given the number 1. The others were then numbered clockwise. {| class="wikitable" !No. !Constituent community !Inhabitants 1969 !Inhabitants 1986 !Inhabitants 2006 |- |1 |Ellar |933 |1,130 |1,489 |- |2 |Hausen |1,010 |1,173 |1,419 |- |3 |Fussingen |575 |705 |809 |- |4 |Lahr |1,179 |1,333 |1,438 |- |5 |Hintermeilingen |981 |1,099 |1,313 |} The community's administrative seat is Fussingen. On a few maps, the community is marked as ''Schlagmühle'', although this actually belongs to Hintermeilingen.

==History== The community of Waldbrunn is largely coëxtensive with the former [[parish]] and tithing area of Lahr, one of four that once belonged to the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Ellar. The three other parishes were the tithing areas of Frickhofen, Elsoff and Niederzeuzheim (known collectively as the ''Vier Centen'').

Until 1815, the centre of Waldernbach (nowadays part of the community of Mengerskirchen) also belonged to the parish of Lahr along with the now forsaken centres of Wehnaue/Winnau, Wenigen-Reynderroytchen, Brotelbach, Brechtelbach, Gralshofen and Oberhof.

The oldest trace of man in what is now the community is an urnfield grave from the [[Bronze Age]] near Fussingen. After the [[Ubii]] migrated from the area in 38 BC, it was settled by the [[Usipeti]].

In [[Franks|Frankish]] times, the ''Amt'' of Ellar with its four tithing areas belonged to the [[Niederlahngau]] under the Counts of [[Diez, Germany|Diez]]. In 1337, they sold the Counts of [[County of Katzenelnbogen|Katzenelnbogen]] this ''Amt''. In 1401, Gerhard Kelner appears as the first ''Keller'' (a kind of estate manager) of the County of Katzenelnbogen in Ellar.

From 1491 comes the oldest preserved print of the Ellar court's seal, which later yielded today's civic [[coat of arms]]. The court was dedicated to St. Maximinus. The ''Amt'' of Ellar found itself in Nassau-Dillenburg's hands in 1557.

Through a bequest-sharing agreement, the ''Amt'' of Ellar passed to Nassau-Hadamar in 1607. In 1609, Greden, mentioned as "Rörichs Johanns Weib" (that is to say, his "woman", although the word is cognate with the [[English language|English]] "wife") from Ellar, was put to death in Hadamar after having been found guilty of being a [[witch]].

The villages in the ''Amt'' of Ellar became [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] again in 1630, whereupon Prince Johann Ludwig of Nassau-Hadamar authorized the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]]. A [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] epidemic swept through the ''Amt'' of Ellar in 1636 and 1637. The village of Obersdorf was wiped out utterly without a single villager surviving. Many other villages lost most of their people. The Jesuit priest Rutger Hesselmann took it upon himself to care for the sick. He died of the Plague on 30 April 1637. The upheaval brought about by the [[Thirty Years' War]] led to considerable losses in the surrounding centres. Besides plunderings by soldiers moving through the area, the people also suffered food shortages and many outbreaks of illness.

In 1736 came an uprising in the villages of Dillhausen, Dorchheim, Dorndorf, Ellar, Fussingen, Frickhofen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Mühlbach, Lahr, Langendernbach, Probbach, Waldernbach, Wilsenroth and Winkels against the war tax that Prince Christian of Nassau-Dillenburg had imposed on them. The uprising went down in history as the ''Klöppelstreit'' ("Clapper Dispute"). The uprising was quelled by Dillenburg and Weilburg soldiers.

With boundary adjustments in Orange-Nassau in 1790, the new ''Amt'' of Ellar was founded. It comprised the parishes of Lahr und Frickhofen.

In 1806, the ''Amt'' of Ellar was made part of the [[Berg (state)|Grand Duchy of Berg]]. All today's constituent communities belonged to the Mairie of Lahr in the Canton of [[Hadamar]], which in turn belonged to the Arrondissement of [[Dillenburg]] and thereby also to the Département of Sieg. In 1815, the Grand Duchy of Berg was awarded to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]]. Prussia, however, exchanged the Mairie of Lahr for some places around [[Wetzlar]] with the Duchy of Nassau.

With boundary adjustments in the Duchy of Nassau, the ''Amt'' of Ellar was merged with the ''Amt'' of Hadamar. After the Duchy's annexation in 1866, the places within the ''Amt'' found themselves in the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1886, under the Prussian district and province reorganization, the old Nassau ''Amt'' system was abolished. Waldbrunn's constituent communities then belonged to the district of Limburg, whereas Waldernbach was assigned to the Oberlahnkreis district.

[[United Kingdom|British]] [[bomber]]s dropped seven high-explosive bombs over Ellar during the [[Second World War]] on 29 August 1941. On 27 March 1945, United States troops occupied the community. Since 1947, the community has been part of the [[States of Germany|''Land'']] of Hesse.

In 1964, the municipal coat of arms was introduced as Ellar's arms. On 1 January 1971 came the merger of the communities of Ellar and Hintermeilingen into the community of Ellar. The centres of Fussingen, Hausen and Lahr merged themselves into the community of (Alt-)Waldbrunn. On 1 July 1974, the five centres were united to form the community of Waldbrunn (Westerwald).

===Religion=== The population is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic.

==Politics==

===Mayor=== Mayoral elections take place every six years. In the latest elections in March 2020 the incumbent mayor Peter Blum (independent) was re-elected. Previous mayors were:<ref name=mayor/> *Lothar Blättel: 1990-2014 *since 2014: Peter Blum

===Community council=== {{update section|date=July 2021}} The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" | '''Parties and voter communities''' |align="center" | '''% 2006''' |align="center" | '''Seats 2006''' |align="center" | '''% 2001''' |align="center" | '''Seats 2001''' |---- |CDU |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] |align="right" |57.2 |align="right" |18 |align="right" |56.5 |align="right" |17 |---- |SPD |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] |align="right" |19.2 |align="right" |6 |align="right" |21.4 |align="right" |7 |---- | BLW | Bürgerliste Waldbrunn |align="right" |23.6 |align="right" |7 |align="right" |22.1 |align="right" |7 |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Total''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''31''' |align="right" |'''100.0''' |align="right" |'''31''' |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" |colspan="2" |'''Voter turnout in %''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''47.5''' |colspan="2" align="right" |'''59.2''' |}

===Coat of arms=== Waldbrunn's [[Coat of arms|arms]] might heraldically be described thus: Party per pale, Or a lion rampant sinister gules armed and langued azure, azure a lion rampant dexter Or armed and langued gules strewn with billets Or.

It was borne by the community of Ellar from 1964 onwards, and under a resolution in 1977 was adopted as the greater community's arms. The arms show on the sinister side (left from the armsbearer's point of view; right from the viewer's) the lion of the House of Nassau (gold on blue), and on the dexter side (right from the armsbearer's point of view; left from the viewer's) the lion of the County of Katzenelnbogen (red on gold). The [[charge (heraldry)|charge]]s symbolize the old ''Amt's'' historical allegiances to Nassau and Katzenelnbogen.

===Town partnerships=== The community of Waldbrunn has no partner communities. However, the centre of Ellar maintains one with [[Oststeinbek]] near Hamburg.

==Sightseeing== Waldbrunn has on offer some things worth seeing:

* Ellar ** Ellar Castle ** the old smithy (part of the ''Heimatmuseum'') ** Ludwig-Bös-Haus (''Heimatmuseum'') ** [[Maximin von Trier|St. Maximinus]]'s Catholic church (built 1843) ** town wall ruins with the ''Hungerturm'', or "Hunger Tower" (14th century) ** former Jewish graveyard * Hausen: ** St. Laurentius Catholic church * Fussingen ** St. Leonhard Catholic church * Lahr ** Romanesque basilica Johannes Enthauptung, or "John's Beheading" (13th century) ** new octagonal Johannes Enthauptung church ** historic graveyard ** historic parish house (16th century) ** bakehouse in the old town hall * Hintermeilingen: ** Maria Verkündigung (Annunciation) Catholic church

<gallery caption="Things to see in Waldbrunn"> Image:Waldbrunn ww Ellar Alte Schmiede.jpg|Old smithy in Ellar Image:Ellar Panorama.jpg|Ellar: castle and church Image:Waldbrunn WW Ellar Burg.jpg|Ellar Castle Image:Waldbrunn WW Ellar Stadtmauer.jpg|Ellar town wall ruins Image:Waldbrunn WW Hausen Kirche.jpg|Hausen Catholic church Image:Waldbrunn WW Lahr Alte Kirche.jpg|Romanesque basilica in Lahr Image:Waldbrunn WW Lahr Neue Kirche.jpg|New church in Lahr Image:Kerkerbach.jpg|Kerkerbach near the ''Schlagmühle'' </gallery>

===Museums=== Ellar has a ''Heimatmuseum'' ("homeland museum"). It houses the collection in the Ludwig-Bös-Haus: the still functional old [[Forge|smithy]] as well as remains of the town wall. In Hintermeilingen on 16 July 2006, the ''Hintermeilinger Geschichts- und Museumsverein'' ("History and Museum Club") was founded. It has set itself the goal of turning the old town hall in Hintermeilingen into a "homeland museum".

===Music=== One of the oldest [[Westerwald]] singing clubs has been in Lahr since 1839. In the other centres are more singing clubs. Furthermore, the ''Musikverein Fussingen'' has the Original Waldbrunner Blaskapelle (wind orchestra). There is another wind orchestra in Ellar run by the fire brigade; in 2007, it had its 75-year jubilee.

==Economy and infrastructure==

===Transport=== Waldbrunn is not directly linked to the long-distance road network. The nearest [[Bundesstraße]] [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s are on Bundesstraße 49 in the communities of Merenberg and Beselich. The nearest interchanges on Bundesstraße 54 are in the community of Elbtal.

Since the Kerkerbachbahn ([[railway]]) stopped running in 1958, there has been no more rail service. The nearest long-distance [[railway station]] is to be found in [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]]. There, besides regional lines to [[Koblenz]], [[Gießen]], [[Frankfurt am Main]] and [[Au (Sieg)|Au]], can be found an [[InterCityExpress]] station on the [[Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line]]. It is about 80 km from Waldbrunn to [[Frankfurt Airport]].

===Education=== There are [[primary school]]s in the centres of Ellar, Hausen, Lahr and Hintermeilingen. Children from Fussingen go to the one in Hausen.

All Waldbrunn's centres but Ellar belong to the feeder area for the Westerwaldschule [[Hauptschule|Haupt-]] and [[Realschule]]. Ellar belongs to the feeder area for the St. Blasius ''Mittelpunktschule'' (roughly "comprehensive school") in [[Elbtal|Frickhofen]].

The nearest [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] is in Hadamar, and other higher schools can be found in [[Limburg an der Lahn]].

==Famous people==

===Honorary citizens=== Walter Rudersdorf (1926-2015), teacher and local historian

===Sons and daughters of the town=== Paul Grimm (* 1926), sculptor and painter

===Other famous people connected with the community=== * [[Anton Hoen]] (b. about 1540/41; d. 7 August 1587) was a ''Landschreiber'' (roughly "state secretary" – a high position), commander and ''Amtsverweser'' (''Amt'' administrator) of the County of Diez. He is known to have been an ''Amt'' secretary by 1567. * Rutger Hesselman, Jesuit priest [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]], d. 30 April 1637 (see above). A street in Lahr is named after him. He was buried in the ''Pfarrkirche Liebfrauen'' in [[Hadamar]]. * [[Emil Bartoschek]], b. 30 July 1899 in Czuchów, Upper Silesia; d. 26 February 1969 in Waldbrunn-Fussingen, was a German painter, student of [[Johannes Itten]] at the Weimar [[Bauhaus]] and master student of Karl Mueller and [[Oskar Moll]] at the ''Staatliche Akademie für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe'' in Breslau (now [[Wrocław]]).

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Waldbrunn (Westerwald)}}

[[Category:Limburg-Weilburg]]