{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox military person |honorific_prefix = Lieutenant-General |name= Sir Hew Fanshawe |honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB|KCMG}} |image= |image_size= |alt= |caption= |nickname= |birth_date= {{birth date|1860|10|30|df=yes}} |birth_place= Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire, England<ref>{{cite web | url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/5313098 | title=Life story: Edward Arthur Fanshawe | Lives of the First World War }}</ref> |death_date= {{death date and age|1957|03|24|1860|10|30|df=yes}} |death_place= |burial_place= |allegiance= United Kingdom |branch= British Army |service_years= 1882–1920 |rank= Lieutenant-General |service_number= |unit= |commands= 18th Indian Division<br/>58th (2/1st London) Division<br/>V Corps<br/>Cavalry Corps<br/>1st Indian Cavalry Division<br/>Jubbulpore Brigade<br/>Presidency Brigade<br/>2nd Cavalry Brigade<br/>2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) |battles= Anglo-Egyptian War<br>Nile Expedition<br>Second Boer War<br/>First World War |awards= Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33053|page=3769|date=2 June 1925|supp=y}}</ref><br/>Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31210|page=2993|date=28 February 1919|supp=y}}</ref><br/>Mentioned in despatches |relations= Major General Sir Robert Fanshawe (brother)<br/>Lieutenant General Sir Edward Fanshawe (brother)<br/>Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood (father-in-law)<br/>Major General Sir Evelyn Fanshawe (son) |other_work= }} Lieutenant-General '''Sir Hew Dalrymple Fanshawe''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCB|KCMG}} (30 October 1860 – 24 March 1957) was a British Army general of the First World War, who commanded V Corps on the Western Front and the 18th Indian Division in the Mesopotamian campaign. He was one of three brothers (Edward, Hew, and Robert) who all rose to high command during the war.
Fanshawe joined the 19th Hussars in 1882, and after seeing active duty in North Africa became the aide-de-camp to Sir Evelyn Wood, a prominent senior officer; he later married Wood's eldest daughter. He served with his regiment during the Second Boer War, and then commanded a cavalry regiment, followed by brigades in the Home Forces and in India.
Following the outbreak of the First World War, Fanshawe commanded a cavalry division and then the Cavalry Corps in France, before assuming command of V Corps in late 1915. He was removed from command in mid-1916, however, as a result of political manoeuvring following the attempt to find a scapegoat for the failed Actions of St Eloi Craters in March 1916. He later commanded the 18th Indian Division in Mesopotamia and was with it at the end of the war in the Middle East.
He retired from the army in 1920, and served as the ceremonial colonel of the Queen's Bays.
==Early career== Fanshawe was born on 30 October 1860, the son of the Reverend Henry Leighton Fanshawe, of Chilworth, Oxfordshire. He was the middle son of three brothers with significant military careers; Edward (b. 1859) joined the artillery and Robert (b. 1863) joined the infantry, all three rising to command corps or divisions during the First World War.<ref>"FANSHAWE, Maj.-Gen. Sir Robert", in {{Cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black|place=London|year=2007|edition=Online|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U225261}}</ref><ref>"FANSHAWE, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Edward Arthur", in {{Cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black|place=London|year=2007|edition=Online|url=http://ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U237112}}</ref>
He attended Winchester College and then served in the Militia, being commissioned into the 3rd West Yorkshire Militia as a second lieutenant on 26 November 1879,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24786|page=6752|date=25 November 1879}}</ref> being promoted to lieutenant on 7 August 1880.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24871|page=4316|date=6 August 1880}}</ref>
He then gained a Regular Army commission in the 19th Hussars on 28 June 1882, in time to see action with the regiment at Kassassin (28 August) and Tel-el-Kebir (13 September) in the Anglo-Egyptian War.<ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/103891700 ''Hart's Army List'', 1883.]</ref><ref name="Obit">''Times'' obituary</ref> Fanshawe served in Egypt with his regiment until 1884, when he was promoted to captain, and then in the Sudan with the Nile Expedition until 1885. In February 1886 he served as his regiment's adjutant.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25572|page=1468|date=26 March 1886}}</ref>
In February 1890, he left regimental duties and was seconded for service on the staff<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26044|page=2339|date=22 April 1890}}</ref> in order to be appointed as an aide-de-camp to Major General Sir Evelyn Wood,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26102|page=5748|date=31 October 1890}}</ref> general officer commanding (GOC) of Aldershot Command.<ref name="WWW">''Who Was Who''</ref> During his time working for Wood, he met his eldest daughter Pauline; the couple married in 1894, and had two sons and a daughter. One son, Evelyn, later commanded an armoured brigade during the Second World War.<ref name="Evelyn">"FANSHAWE, Maj.-Gen. Sir Evelyn Dalrymple", in {{Cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black|place=London|year=2007|edition=Online|url=http://ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U154350}}</ref> He returned to his regiment in 1893, with a promotion to major,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26458|page=6355|date=14 November 1893}}</ref> and stayed with them until 1897, when he was appointed to a two-year term as an assistant military secretary in India.<ref name="Obit"/>
Fanshawe served throughout the Second Boer War, where he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel and was mentioned in despatches twice (including by Major General Lord Kitchener dated 23 June 1902).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27459 |date=29 July 1902 |pages=4835–4837 }}</ref> In January 1903 he was appointed in command of the 4th Provisional Regiment of Dragoons.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27526 |date=20 February 1903 |page=1131 }}</ref>
Following the war, in November 1903, he was confirmed in his promotion to lieutenant colonel<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27620|page=7747|date=27 November 1903}}</ref> and given command of the Queen's Bays. He was promoted to brevet colonel in September 1904.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27716|page=6134|date=23 September 1904}}</ref> He held command of the regiment until April 1907, when he was promoted to colonel, as well as the temporary rank of brigadier general, and took over the 2nd Cavalry Brigade from Brigadier General The Hon. Sir Julian Byng.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28012|page=2505|date=12 April 1907}}</ref> He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1908 Birthday Honours in June 1908.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28151|page=4642|date=23 June 1908|supp=y}}</ref> After over three years in command of the brigade he was placed on half-pay in November 1910.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28445|page=9228|date=9 December 1910}}</ref>
He was transferred to India later in the year, to command the Presidency Brigade in the Indian Lucknow Division, and was promoted to temporary brigadier general in December.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28463|page=953|date=7 February 1911}}</ref> In October 1913, he was promoted to major-general,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28762|page=6984|date=7 October 1913}}</ref> with command of the Jubbulpore Brigade in the Mhow Division.<ref name="Obit"/>
==First World War== Fanshawe was still serving in India with his brigade on the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914; whilst it remained in India, he was sent to France and given command of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division, a composite force drawn from the cavalry regiments of the various divisions, in December 1914.<ref>Edmonds, p. 484</ref> The following September, after receiving a temporary promotion to lieutenant-general the month before,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29298|page=9204|date=14 September 1915|supp=y}}</ref> he was transferred to command the Cavalry Corps, though by this point of the war, there was little role for cavalry in static trench warfare, and he moved to V Corps, a front-line corps, in October.<ref name="Obit"/> During his time at the Cavalry Corps, his son Evelyn, served as his aide-de-camp.<ref name="Evelyn"/>
At V Corps, Fanshawe oversaw the initial actions of St Eloi Craters in late March 1916; the attack under his command by the 3rd Division was successful, but terrible ground conditions made it hard for them or for the relieving troops in the Canadian Corps, to hold ground, and after a month of heavy losses, the line stabilised at the original positions.<ref>[http://www.1914-1918.net/bat14.htm#steloi The Actions of Spring 1916]</ref> Such a situation would normally result in the divisional commanders being sacked; it was the 2nd Canadian Division under Major-General Richard Turner which had failed to hold the ground but for political reasons, the high command felt it impossible to sack a Canadian commander. Instead, Major-General Aylmer Haldane, GOC 3rd Division, was lined up as a scapegoat; Fanshawe tried to intervene with General Sir Douglas Haig, the commander-in-chief (C-in-C) of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, and was sacked on 4 July.<ref>Travers, p. 535.</ref> His replacement at V Corps was, somewhat unusually, his elder brother Edward.<ref name="Obit"/>
Later in 1916, Fanshawe took over the 58th (2/1st London) Division, but was subsequently "degummed" by Lieutenant General Sir Ivor Maxse, who reported: {{quote|This officer does not in my opinion command his division with either decision or knowledge. In the planning stage he plays a minor part and appears to have little influence on his subordinate commanders. ... He is not a good trainer, having little knowledge of the subject. But, if he had, I doubt whether he could either teach or enforce his views. I see no sign of grip or drive and think the division would be a very valuable one if placed in stronger hands.<ref>Lieutenant General Sir F.I. Maxse, Report on Major General H. Fanshawe. Maxse Papers, Imperial War Museum, 69/53/12, Box No. 54.</ref>}}
However, he found an opportunity for redemption in late 1917 when he was sent to the Middle East to command the 18th Indian Division. He led the division through the final stages of the Mesopotamian campaign, including the Battle of Sharqat in October 1918, the final major engagement against the Ottoman Empire before the Armistice of Mudros.<ref name="Obit"/>
==Later career== After the armistice which ended the fighting, Fanshawe was given command of an administrative area in France. He retired from the army in February 1920, with a knighthood and the honorary rank of lieutenant-general.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31787|page=2046|date=17 February 1920|supp=y}}</ref>
In retirement, he served as a justice of the peace in Oxfordshire, living near Thame, and was the ceremonial colonel of the Queen's Bays from June 1921, taking over from Major General William Henry Seymour,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32408|page=6084|date=29 July 1921|supp=y}}</ref> to 1930.<ref name="Obit"/>
==Notes== {{Reflist}}
==References== * "FANSHAWE, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hew Dalrymple", in {{Cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black|place=London|year=2007|edition=Online|url=http://ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U237113}} * Obituary in ''The Times'', 26 March 1957, p. 12 * {{cite book|title=History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1914 (volume II) |authorlink=J. E. Edmonds|last=Edmonds|first=J. E.|publisher=Macmillan & Co.|year=1925|url=https://archive.org/details/3edmilitaryopera02edmouoft}} * {{cite journal|title=The Hidden Army: Structural Problems in the British Officer Corps, 1900–1918|last=Travers|first=Tim|jstor=260559|volume=17|issue=3|year=1982|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|pages=523–544|doi=10.1177/002200948201700307|s2cid=159547355}} *{{cite book|last=Martin|first=David E.|title=Londoners on the Western Front: The 58th (2/1st London) Division on the Great War|isbn=978-1-78159-180-2|year=2014|publisher=Pen and Sword Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xy8RBQAAQBAJ}}
{{s-start}} {{s-mil}} {{s-bef|before=Michael Rimington}} {{s-ttl|title=General Officer Commanding the 1st Indian Cavalry Division|years=1914–1915}} {{s-aft|after=}} |- {{s-bef|before=}} {{s-ttl|title=General Officer Commanding the Cavalry Corps|years=September – October 1915}} {{s-aft|after=}} |- {{s-bef|before=Edmund Allenby}} {{s-ttl|title=GOC V Corps|years=1915–1916}} {{s-aft|after=Edward Fanshawe}} |- {{s-bef|before=Edward Cooper}} {{s-ttl|title=General Officer Commanding the 58th (2/1st London) Division|years=September – October 1916}} {{s-aft|after=Albemarle Cator}} |- {{s-new|command}} {{s-ttl|title=General Officer Commanding the 18th Indian Division|years=1917–1919}} {{s-aft|after=Theodore Fraser}} |- {{s-bef|before=Sir William Henry Seymour}} {{s-ttl|title=Colonel of the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)|years=1921–1930}} {{s-aft|after=Sir Wentworth Harman}} {{s-end}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fanshawe, Hew Dalrymple}} Category:1860 births Category:1957 deaths Category:Military personnel from Oxfordshire Category:British Army lieutenant generals Category:British Army cavalry generals of World War I Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:People educated at Winchester College Category:19th Royal Hussars officers Category:2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) officers Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War Category:British Militia officers Category:English justices of the peace