{{short description|British horticulturist and genealogist}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder |honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] Sir |name = Herbert Maxwell |honorific_suffix = [[Baronet|Bt]] [[Order of the Thistle|KT]] [[His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]] [[Justice of the Peace|JP]] [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|FSAScot]] [[Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society|FRGS]] |image = Herbert Maxwell.jpg |caption = Maxwell on 1 April 1901 |office1 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Wigtownshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Wigtownshire]] |term_start1 = 1880 |term_end1 = 1906 |predecessor1 = [[Robert Vans-Agnew]] |successor1 = [[John Dalrymple, 12th Earl of Stair|Lord Elcho]] |birth_date = 8 January 1845 |death_date = 30 October 1937 (aged 92) |alma_mater = [[Christ Church, Oxford]] }} [[File:Coat of Arms of Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, 7th Baronet of Monreith, KT, PC, JP, DL, FRS, FSA Scot, FRGS.png|thumb|200px|Shield of Arms of Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, 7th Baronet of Monreith, KT, PC, JP, DL, FRS, FSA Scot, FRGS]] [[File:Monreith Cross.JPG|thumb|The Monreith Cross from the Mochrum Justice Hill]]
'''Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, 7th Baronet''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|Bt|KT|PC|JP|DL|FRS|FSAs|FRGS}} (8 January 1845 – 30 October 1937) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, artist, antiquarian, horticulturalist, prominent salmon angler and author of books on angling and [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician who sat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] from 1880 to 1906.<ref name="times">{{cite news |title=Sir H. Maxwell, K.T. |work=[[The Times]] |page=19 |date=1 November 1937 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sitter: Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell, 7th Bt. of Monreith (1845–1937)|url=http://lafayette.org.uk/max2641.html|publisher=Lafayette Negative Archive}}</ref><ref name="burke">{{cite book |title= [[Burke's Peerage|Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood]]|publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor= Mosley, Charles |editor-link= Charles Mosley (genealogist) |edition=107 |year= 2003 |pages=2647–2649 |ref=Burke |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref><ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = W. W. | title = Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell. 1845-1937 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1938.0024 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 387–393| year = 1938 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
==Early life== A member of [[Clan Maxwell]] descended from the first [[Earl of Nithsdale|Lord Maxwell]] of [[Caerlaverock Castle]], Maxwell was the eldest surviving son of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Maxwell, 6th Baronet and his wife, Helenora Shaw-Stewart, daughter of [[Shaw-Stewart Baronets|Sir Michael Shaw-Stewart, 5th Baronet]]. He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and at [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. He was a captain in the 4th battalion [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] and a [[Justice of the Peace|J.P.]] and [[Deputy Lieutenant]] for [[Wigtownshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft |title=Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886 |date=21 April 1867 |access-date=2014-06-18}}</ref>
==Political career== [[File:Herbert Eustace Maxwell Vanity Fair 28 September 1893.jpg|thumb|Maxwell as caricatured by Spy ([[Leslie Ward]]) in ''[[Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)|Vanity Fair]]'', September 1893]] Maxwell was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Wigtownshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Wigtownshire]] in the [[1880 United Kingdom general election|1880 general election]] and held the seat until 1906.<ref>{{hansard-contribs | sir-herbert-maxwell | Sir Herbert Maxwell }}</ref> He served in the [[Conservative Government 1886-1892|Conservative administration]] of [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] as a [[Lord of the Treasury|Junior Lord of the Treasury]] from 1886 to 1892 and was admitted to the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]] in 1897. By April 1897, Maxwell held the chair of the [[Royal Commission on Tuberculosis]].<ref>''Royal Commission On Tuberculosis,'' The Times, 3 April 1897</ref>
He was [[Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown]] from 1903 to 1935. He was made a [[Knight of the Thistle]] in 1933. He received an honorary doctorate ([[Legum Doctor|LL.D]]) from the [[University of Glasgow]] in June 1901.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-glasgow-university-jubilee/131294008/ |date=14 June 1901 |title=Glasgow University Jubilee |page=10 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |publication-place=London |issue=36481 |access-date=2024-01-05 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
==Antiquarian interests== Maxwell was President of the [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] (1900–1913), and Chairman of the [[National Library of Scotland]] (1925–1932).<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34960|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/34960|title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year = 2004}}</ref> He was the chairman of [[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]] (RCAHMS) from its inception in 1908 until 1934.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
Maxwell gave the [[Rhind Lectures]] in 1893, on the place names of Scotland,<ref name="listing">{{cite web|url=http://www.socantscot.org/content/documents/public_rhind_lecturers_list.doc|title=List of 133 Lecturers|work=The Rhind Lectures|publisher=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|access-date=27 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055840/http://www.socantscot.org/content/documents/public_rhind_lecturers_list.doc| archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxkuAAAAYAAJ | title=Scottish Land-names: Their Origin and Meaning. The Rhind lectures in archaeology | publisher=Blackwood and Sons | author=Sir Herbert Maxwell | year=1894}}</ref> and again in 1912 on the early chronicles relating to Scotland.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/earlychroniclesr00maxwuoft | title=The early chronicles relating to Scotland; being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1912 in connection with the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland | publisher=[[James MacLehose and Sons]] | author=Maxwell, Herbert, Sir | year=1912 | location=Glasgow}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b757252;view=1up;seq=11 Copy] at [[HathiTrust Digital Library]]</ref><ref name="listing"/> In 1913 he published a report on the [[Talnotrie Hoard]].<ref name=":0">Maxwell, Herbert. [https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_047/47_012_016.pdf "Notes on a Hoard of Personal Ornaments, Implements, and Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Coins from Talnotrie, Kirkcudbrightshire."] ''Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland''. Vol. 47. 1913.</ref>
He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1898 and was awarded the [[Victoria Medal of Honour]] by the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] in 1917.<ref name= frs/>
==Marriage and issue== Maxwell married Mary Fletcher-Campbell, daughter of Henry Fletcher-Campbell, of [[Boquhan]], Stirling, on 20 January 1869. She predeceased him on 3 September 1910. By her, he had two sons and three daughters:<ref name="burke"/>
* Sgt. William Maxwell (29 September 1869 – 12–19 June 1897), died on the [[veldt]] near Fort Gibbs, [[Mashonaland]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituaries |work=[[The Times]] |page=12 |date=28 June 1897}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fort Gibbs and Sgt. William Maxwell's grave|url=http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/fort-gibbs-and-sgt-william-maxwells-grave|website=Zimbabwe Field Guide|access-date=22 May 2018}}</ref> * Ann Christian Maxwell (5 September 1871 – 5 April 1937), married [[Sir John Stirling-Maxwell, 10th Baronet]] * Winfred Edith (19 July 1873 – 30 October 1968), married Alastair Graham-Moir of Leckie. * Beatrice Mary (24 January 1875 – 11 April 1938), married Ernest Walker, son of [[Sir James Walker, 2nd Baronet|Sir James Robert Walker, 2nd Baronet]] in St Margaret's Westminster on 10 October 1901. * [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lt. Col.]] Aymer Edward Maxwell (26 October 1877 – {{KIA}} 9 October 1914). In 1909, he married Lady Mary Percy, daughter of [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland]] and by her had one daughter and three sons before he died of wounds suffered at Antwerp while serving with the [[Lovat Scouts]]:<ref>{{cite news |title=Fallen officers |work=[[The Times]] |page=10 |date=14 October 1914}}</ref> ** Christian Maxwell (31 July 1910 – 7 May 1980), died unmarried ** [[Sir Aymer Maxwell, 8th Baronet]] (7 December 1911 – 8 July 1987) ** Eustace Maxwell (24 February 1913 – 12 April 1971), married Dorothy Bellville, with whom he had one daughter and one son: ***Diana Mary Maxwell (born 19 January 1942) ***[[Sir Michael Maxwell, 9th Baronet]] (1943-2021) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |date=2022-01-08 |title=Peerage News: Sir Michael Eustace George Maxwell, 9th Baronet 1943-2021 |url=https://peeragenews.blogspot.com/2022/01/sir-michael-eustace-george-maxwell-9th.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Peerage News}}</ref> ** [[Gavin Maxwell]] (15 July 1914 – 7 September 1969), naturalist, and author of ''Ring of Bright Water''
Sir Herbert died at [[Monreith House]], [[Wigtownshire]], aged 92.<ref name="times"/>
==Works== {{wikisource|works=or}}
===Novels=== * ''Sir Lucian Elphin'' (1889) * ''The Letter of the Law'' (1890) * ''A Duke of Britain'' (1895) * [https://archive.org/details/cihm_94813 ''Chevalier of the Splendid Crest'' (1900)]
===Nonfiction=== * [https://archive.org/details/meridiananoontid00maxw ''Meridiana, Noontide Essays'' (1892)] * [https://archive.org/details/scottishlandname00maxw ''Scottish Land Names'' (1894)] * [https://archive.org/details/postmeridianaaft00maxw ''Post meridiana: Afternoon Essays'' (1895)] * [https://archive.org/details/rainydaysinlibra00maxw ''Rainy Days in a Library'' (1896)] * [https://archive.org/details/sixtyyearsqueens00maxw ''Sixty Years a Queen''] (London: Harmsworth, 1897) * ''Memories of the Months'' (7 series-1897 through to 1922) * [https://archive.org/details/salmonseatroutho00maxwiala ''Salmon and Sea Trout'' (1898)] * [https://archive.org/details/cu31924088001916 ''The life of Wellington. The restoration of the martial power of Great Britain'' (1899)] * [https://archive.org/details/robertbrucestr00maxw1901 ''Robert the Bruce and the Struggle for Scottish Independence'' (1901)] * ''History of the House of Douglas-from the earliest times down to the legislative union of England and Scotland'' (1902), introduction by [[William Lindsay (officer of arms)|William Lindsay, Windsor Herald]]. [https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof01maxw Volume 1]; [https://archive.org/details/historyofhouseof02maxw Volume 2] * ''British Soldiers in the Field'' (1902) * [https://archive.org/details/britishfreshwate00maxw ''British Fresh-Water Fish'' (1904)] * [https://archive.org/details/storyoftweed00maxwiala''Story of the Tweed'' (1905)] * ''[[Scalacronica]]; The reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III as Recorded by Sir Thomas Gray'' (1907) * [https://archive.org/details/officialguidetoa00maxwiala ''Official guide to the Abbey-church, palace, and environs of Holyroodhouse'' (1908)] * [https://archive.org/details/scottishgardensb00maxwrich ''Scottish Gardens'' (1908)] * ''Cronicles of the Houghton Fishing Club 1822-1908'' (1908) * [https://archive.org/details/makingofscotlandmaxw ''The Making of Scotland'' (1911)] * [https://archive.org/details/chronicleoflaner02maxw ''The Lanercost Chronicle'' (1913); translated from the Latin, with notes]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346'' translated, with notes, by Sir Herbert Maxwell|journal=The Athenaeum|issue= 4461|date=26 April 1913|pages=458–459|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$c108351;view=1up;seq=336}}</ref> * [https://www.fisch-hitparade.de/magazine/fishing-at-home-and-abroad/ ''Fishing at Home and Abroad'' (1913)] in [https://www.fisch-hitparade.de/magazine/klassiker-der-angelliteratur/ Classics of Angling Literature] * [https://archive.org/details/lowlandscotsregi00assouoft/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Lowland Scots regiments : their origin, character and services previous to the great war of 1914'' (1918)] * ''The Place Names of Galloway: Their Origin & Meaning Considered'' (1930)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maxwell|first=Herbert|title=The Place Names of Galloway: Their Origin & Meaning Considered|publisher=G. C. Book Publishers Ltd.|year=1991|isbn=1872350305|location=Wigtown|pages=94|orig-year=1930}}</ref>
Also "Lives" of [[William Henry Smith (1792–1865)|W. H. Smith]], [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]], Romney, etc.
==References== {{Reflist}} * {{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Herbert Maxwell}} {{wikisource|works=or|Herbert Eustace Maxwell}} * {{Gutenberg author | id=40323 | name=Herbert Maxwell}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Herbert Maxwell |dname=Herbert Maxwell}} * {{BHL author|16189}}
{{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{succession box | title=[[Wigtownshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Member of Parliament for Wigtownshire]] | before=[[Robert Vans-Agnew]] | after=[[John Dalrymple, 12th Earl of Stair|Lord Elcho]] | years= [[1880 United Kingdom general election|1880]] – [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906]]}} {{s-hon}} {{succession box | before=[[John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair|The Earl of Stair]] | title=[[Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown]] | years=1903–1935 | after=[[John Dalrymple, 12th Earl of Stair|The Earl of Stair]]}} {{s-reg|sct-bt}} {{succession box | title=[[Maxwell Baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Monreith)''' | years=1877–1937 | before= William Maxwell | after= Aymer Maxwell }} {{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maxwell, Herbert}} [[Category:1845 births]] [[Category:1937 deaths]] [[Category:Nobility from Dumfries and Galloway]] [[Category:Clan Maxwell|Herbert]] [[Category:People educated at Eton College]] [[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]] [[Category:Royal Scots Fusiliers officers]] [[Category:Scottish novelists]] [[Category:Scottish essayists]] [[Category:Scottish genealogists]] [[Category:Knights of the Thistle]] [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society]] [[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Wigtown]] [[Category:Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)]] [[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:UK MPs 1880–1885]] [[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]] [[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]] [[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895]] [[Category:UK MPs 1895–1900]] [[Category:UK MPs 1900–1906]] [[Category:Scottish horticulturists]] [[Category:Directors of the Glasgow and South Western Railway]] [[Category:Victoria Medal of Honour recipients]] [[Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]]