{{Short description|Species of virus}} {{Virusbox | name = Equine hepacivirus | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | parent = Orthohepacivirus | species = Orthohepacivirus equi | synonyms = * Canine hepacivirus * Non-primate hepacivirus * Equine hepacivirus * ''Hepacivirus A''<ref>{{cite web |title=Taxon Details: ''Orthohepacivirus equi'' |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202503125&taxon_name=Orthohepacivirus%20equi |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref> | synonyms_ref = <ref name="2016.010a,bS">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Donald B. |display-authors=etal |title=Create 13 new species in the genus ''Hepacivirus'' and rename 1 species (family ''Flaviviridae'') |url=https://ictv.global/ICTV/proposals/2016.010a,bS.A.v2.Hepacivirus_13sp1ren.pdf |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=3 |language=en |date=23 June 2016 |quote=All other species are named according to the date of publication of a complete coding sequence with the exception of ''Hepacivirus B'' which includes GBV-B (providing a memorable link) and ''Hepacivirus A'' (canine hepacivirus/non-primate hepacivirus).}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = | subdivision = }}
'''Equine hepacivirus''' (EHV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus ''Orthohepacivirus''.<ref name=Kapoor2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kapoor A, Simmonds P, Gerold G, Qaisar N, Jain K, Henriquez JA, Firth C, Hirschberg DL, Rice CM, Shields S, Lipkin WI |title=Characterization of a canine homolog of hepatitis C virus |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=108 |issue=28 |pages=11608–13 |year=2011 |pmid=21610165 |pmc=3136326 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1101794108 |bibcode=2011PNAS..10811608K |doi-access=free }}</ref> EHV includes Canine hepacivirus (CHV).<ref name=pybus >{{cite journal |vauthors=Pybus OG, Thézé J |date=February 2016 |title=Hepacivirus cross-species transmission and the origins of the hepatitis C virus |journal=Curr Opin Virol |volume=16 |issue= |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.002 |pmc= |pmid=26517843}}</ref> It infects dogs and horses, and causes pulmonary infections in dogs. Unlike the related Hepatitis C virus, it is not known to cause hepatitis in either host.
==History== The virus was isolated in 2011 from a number of dogs suffering from respiratory infections.<ref name=Kapoor2011 /> Later, distinct lineages were isolated from horses in different locations.<ref name=pybus />
==Genome== As of 2012, the genome has not yet been fully sequenced. The available sequence is about 6,500 nucleotides in length. It is predicted to have a polyprotein that can be cleaved into 10 smaller proteins. There is a 'slippery sequence' – A<sub>5</sub>NNA<sub>5</sub> – within the genome which may encode a programmed frameshift. It encodes two envelope proteins (E1 and E2) as well as cysteine and serine proteases.<ref name=Kapoor2011 />
The overall G+C content is 50.7%.<ref name=Kapoor2011 />
==Evolution== The virus appears to have evolved from the Hepatitis C virus between 500 and 1,000 years ago.<ref name=Kapoor2011 />
The equine lineages (EHV) are more diverse than the canine lineages (CHV), suggesting that the former are ancestral to the latter. CHV appears to have originated in a cross-species transmission from horses to dogs around 1970. The origin of EHV is not known, but it seems that both EHV and Hepatitis C virus have originated in separate cross-species transmission events from a common source.<ref name=pybus />
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q29006891|from2=Q5032408}}
Category:Dog diseases Category:Hepaciviruses Category:Animal viral diseases