{{Short description|British politician (1840–1903)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} {{Use British English|date=August 2016}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] | name = The Lord Pirbright | honorific_suffix = [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], [[Royal Society|FRS]] | image = Portrait of Henry de Worms, 1st Baron Pirbright (by Alexander von Liezen-Mayer) – Government Art Collection, British Embassy in Vienna.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Portrait by [[Sándor Liezen-Mayer]], 1880s | order1 = [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]] | term_start1 = 20 February 1888 | term_end1 = 1892 | monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] | prime_minister1 = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] | predecessor1 = [[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]] | successor1 = [[Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton|Sydney Buxton]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1840|10|26|df=y}} | birth_place = London | death_date = {{death date and age|1903|1|9|1840|10|26|df=y}} | death_place = London | party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | alma_mater = [[King's College London]] | spouse = (1) Fanny von Todesco <br /> (2) Sarah Phillips (died 1914) }} '''Henry de Worms, 1st Baron Pirbright''' [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|PC]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], [[Royal Society|FRS]] (20 October 1840 – 9 January 1903), known before his elevation to the peerage in 1895 as '''Baron Henry de Worms''', was a British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician.
==Background and education==
Henry de Worms was born in London on 20 October 1840, the third son of [[Solomon Benedict de Worms]] (1801–1882). His father owned large plantations in [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] and was made a [[Austrian nobility|Hereditary Baron of the Austrian Empire]] by Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]]. His mother was Henrietta Samuel (d.1845), daughter of Samuel Moses Samuel. His siblings were [[George de Worms, 2nd Baron de Worms]] (1829–1902), Anthony Mayer de Worms (1830–1864), and Ellen Henrietta de Worms (born 1836).
Both on his father′s side and on his mother′s side he belonged to wealthy mercantile families. His paternal grandmother was Schönche Jeannette Rothschild (1771–1859), thus his paternal great-grandfather was [[Mayer Amschel Rothschild]] (1744–1812), the founder of the [[Rothschild family|Rothschild banking dynasty]]. As a result, his paternal great-granduncles were [[Amschel Mayer Rothschild]] (1773–1855), [[Salomon Mayer von Rothschild]] (1774–1855), [[Nathan Mayer Rothschild]] (1777–1836), [[Carl Mayer von Rothschild]] (1788–1855), and [[James Mayer de Rothschild]] (1792–1868). His uncles, who owned plantations in Ceylon with his father, were [[Maurice Benedict de Worms]] (1805–1867) and Gabriel Benedict de Worms (1802–1881).<ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB12|wstitle=De Worms, Henry |first=Mortimer |last=Epstein}}</ref> His maternal grandfather was a West Indian merchant, whose fortune Lord Pirbright inherited indirectly through his uncle George Samuel.<ref name=TTobit />
He was educated at [[King's College London]].<ref name="Morais">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/eminentisraelit01moragoog|title=Eminent Israelites of the nineteenth century: A series of biographical sketches|author=Henry Samuel Morais|authorlink=Henry Samuel Morais|publisher=Edward Stern & Co.|location=Philadelphia|year=1880|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eminentisraelit01moragoog/page/n362 357]–360|accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref> He was [[Call to the Bar|called to the Bar]], [[Inner Temple]], in 1863, and became a fellow of King's College in the same year.<ref name="Morais"/>
==Political career== De Worms served as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Member of Parliament for [[Greenwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Greenwich]] from 1880 to 1885 and for [[Liverpool East Toxteth (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool East Toxteth]] from 1885 to 1895 and held office under [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] as [[Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade]] from 1886 to 1888 and as [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]] from 1888 to 1892.
He was British Plenipotentiary and President of the Conference on Sugar Bounties in 1888,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25853 |date=6 September 1888 |page=4851 }}</ref> and later served as a Commissioner for the Patriotic Fund.<ref name="J. Enc."/> He was appointed a [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Counsellor]] in 1888 and raised to the peerage as '''Baron Pirbright''', of Pirbright in the County of Surrey, in 1895.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26680 |date=15 November 1895 |page=6182 }}</ref> He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1889.{{cn|date=November 2021}}
His publications include ''England's Policy in the East'', ''The Earth and its Mechanism'', ''The Austro-Hungarian Empire'' and ''Memoirs of Count Beust''.<ref name="Morais"/><ref name="J. Enc.">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=347&letter=P|encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]|title=PIRBRIGHT, HENRY DE WORMS, BAR-ON|author=Joseph Jacobs|authorlink=Joseph Jacobs|author2=Victor Rousseau Emanuel|date=1901–1906|accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref>
Lord Pirbright died at his residence in London on 9 January 1903, aged 62.<ref name=TTobit>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Obituary - Lord Pirbright |date=10 January 1903 |page=9 |issue=36974}}</ref>
==Family== [[File:St Mark's Church, Guildford Road, Wyke, Normandy (May 2014) (1st Baron Pirbright Tomb).JPG|thumb|right|Lord Pirbright's tomb at St Mark's Church, Wyke, Surrey]] De Worms married first, in 1864, Franziska "Fanny" von Todesco (1846–1922), eldest daughter of {{ill|Eduard von Todesco|de|lt=Baron von Todesco}}, of Vienna. They had three daughters:<ref>Debrett′s Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 1903</ref> *Hon. Alice Henrietta Antoinette Evelina de Worms (1865–1952); married 1st in 1886 John Henry Boyer Warner (d. 1891), of [[Quorn Hall]], [[Loughborough]] and [[Kepwick]] Park, [[Northallerton]]; married 2nd in 1892 David McLaren Morrison; and left several daughters by her second husband. *Hon. Dora Sophia Emily de Worms (1869–?) *Hon. Constance Valérie Sophie de Worms (1875–1963); married in 1895 Count Maximilian of Löwenstein-Scharffeneck, a nephew of [[Wilhelm, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg]]. They had several children, including [[Hubertus, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg]], and she was thus the grandmother of [[Prince Rupert Loewenstein]],<ref>Prince Rupert Loewenstein, "A Prince among Stones", Bloomsbury, London 2013, p.253</ref> manager of the rock band [[The Rolling Stones]].
He divorced his first wife in 1886, and married secondly in 1887 Sarah Phillips, daughter of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips, and sister of Sir George Faudel Phillips, [[Faudel-Phillips baronets| 1st Baronet]]. Both her father and her brother served as Lord Mayors of London.<ref name=TTobit />
Born [[Jews|Jewish]], he was an active member of the Jewish community until he married a Christian woman. He then dissociated himself entirely from Judaism, and was buried at the Christian cemetery of St. Mark's in [[Wyke, Surrey]].<ref name="dnb"/>
The barony became extinct on his death as he had no sons. His second wife Lady Pirbright died in November 1914.{{cn|date=November 2021}}
==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == * [http://thepeerage.com/p24057.htm thepeerage.com Henry de Worms, 1st and last Baron Pirbright] * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101231171509/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Gcommons2.htm leighrayment.com House of Commons: Gorbals to Guildford]}} * {{Hansard-contribs | baron-henry-de-worms | Henry de Worms }} * [http://www.normandyhistorians.co.uk/aandp18.html The Pirbright Tomb]
{{S-start}} {{S-par|uk}} {{S-bef|before=[[Sir Thomas Boord, 1st Baronet|Thomas Boord]]<br />[[William Ewart Gladstone]]}} {{S-ttl | title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Greenwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Greenwich]] | with = [[Sir Thomas Boord, 1st Baronet|Thomas Boord]] | years = [[1880 United Kingdom general election|1880]] – [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]] }} {{S-aft|after=[[Sir Thomas Boord, 1st Baronet|Thomas Boord]]}}
{{S-new|constituency}} {{S-ttl | title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Liverpool East Toxteth (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool East Toxteth]] | years = [[1885 United Kingdom general election|1885]] – [[1895 Liverpool East Toxteth by-election|1895]] }} {{S-aft|after=[[Augustus Frederick Warr]]}}
{{S-off}} {{Succession box | title=[[Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade]] | years=1885 – 1888 | before=[[John Holms]] | after=[[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]]}} {{Succession box | title=[[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]] | before=[[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]] | after=[[Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton|Sydney Buxton]] | years=1888 – 1892 }}
{{S-reg|uk}} {{S-new|creation}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Baron Pirbright]] |years=1895 – 1903}} {{S-non|reason=Extinct}}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Worms, Henry De}} [[Category:1840 births]] [[Category:1903 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of King's College London]] [[Category:Fellows of King's College London]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Jewish English politicians]] [[Category:Rothschild family]] [[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]] [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Pirbright]] [[Category:UK MPs 1880–1885]] [[Category:UK MPs 1885–1886]] [[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892]] [[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895]] [[Category:UK MPs who were granted peerages]] [[Category:Converts to Anglicanism from Judaism]] [[Category:English people of German-Jewish descent]] [[Category:Parliamentary secretaries to the Board of Trade]] [[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria]]