{{Short description|English landscape painter}} {{about||the English songwriter and arranger|Henry E. Pether}} {{Infobox person | name = Henry Pether | image = File:Henry Pether San Gorgio Maggiore im Mondschein.jpg | caption = ''San Giorgio Maggiore by Moonlight'' by Henry Pether | birth_name = | birth_date = February 1800 | birth_place = | death_date = 20 February 1880 | death_place = London | occupation = Landscape Painter | education = }} '''Henry Pether''' (1800–1880){{efn|His birth and death dates are often listed as 1828–1865, but this is in fact the period in which he exhibited.}} was an English landscape painter famous for his depiction of moonlit scenes of 19th century Britain, Paris, and Venice. His father Abraham and older brother Sebastian Pether also painted moonlit scenes. Together they were known as the "Moonlight Pethers".<ref name="NGV" /><ref name="MP">{{Cite news |date=1970-03-21 |title=Moonlight Pether |pages=6 |work=Evening Standard |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113086063/moonlight-pether/ |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref> He was also an inventor of lamps, architectural materials, and tiles.
==Life and work== Henry Pether was born in February 1800,<ref name="obit" /> the son of landscape painter Abraham Pether (1752–1812) and younger brother of artist Sebastian Pether (1793-1844).<ref name="TH">{{Cite book |last=Trinity House. |url=http://archive.org/details/trinity-house-the-collection |title=Trinity House: The Collection |publisher=Trinity House |location=New York, London |pages=68}}</ref> His father and his brother's works were often imaginary.<ref name="RMG" /> Henry was particularly noted for his "control of detail, atmosphere and colouring".<ref name="TH" /> Henry Pether's paintings are frequently incorrectly attributed to his father and to his brother and vice versa. However, Henry generally signed his paintings, which were more realistic and refined,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maas |first=Jeremy |url=http://archive.org/details/victorianpainter0000maas |title=Victorian painters |date=1988 |publisher=London : Barrie & Jenkins |isbn=978-0-7126-2121-2 |pages=50}}</ref> whilst those of his brother Sebastian had more greenish tones.<ref name="Saturday book" />
He was known for his paintings along the Thames, many of which were painted between 1850 and 1865. Pether is detailed in his painting of Greenwich Hospital's architecture and river scene, which are illuminated by a full moon.<ref name="RMG">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-01 |title=The Thames and Greenwich Hospital by Moonlight |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-15343 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Royal Museums Greenwich |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> He also painted moonlight landscapes in Paris, Venice and Scotland.<ref name="TH" /><ref name="Saturday book" />
{{blockquote|In ''Twickenham by Moonlight'' the English picturesque style has been combined with the romanticism of artists such as Caspar David Friedrich (1744–1840). The interplay of light and shade is here examined to full effect, creating a hermetic, contemplative mood. The landscape is dominated by the Thames, which reflects the subtle glow of the full moon above.|Mark De Novellis, ''Highlights of the Richmond Borough art collection''<ref name="De Novellis">{{Cite book |last=De Novellis |first=Mark |url=http://archive.org/details/highlightsofther0000deno |title=Highlights of the Richmond Borough art collection : Orleans House Gallery, Twickenham |date=2002 |publisher=Twickenham : Orleans House Gallery |isbn=978-1-902643-04-5 |pages=61}}</ref>}}
Between 1828 and 1862 Henry Pether exhibited at the Royal Academy.<ref name="MP" /><ref name="Saturday book">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/saturdaybook340000unse |title=The Saturday book |date=1975 |publisher=London : Hutchinson |isbn=978-0-09-124650-1 |pages=218–220}}</ref> He also exhibited at the British Institution and with the Royal Society of British Artists.<ref name="GAC">{{Cite web |title=Henry Pether |url=https://artcollection.culture.gov.uk/person/pether-henry/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Government Art Collection |language=en-GB}}</ref> His works are among the collections of Tate,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry Pether active 1828–1865 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/henry-pether-420 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref> the City of London,<ref name="MP" /> Royal Museums Greenwich, Hastings Museum,<ref name="RMG" /> the National Gallery of Victoria,<ref name="NGV">{{Cite web |title=Moonlight, Westminster by Henry Pether |url=http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/4249/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=National Gallery of Victoria |language=en-AU}}</ref> and the Yale Center for British Art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lambeth Palace - YCBA Collections Search |url=https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:360 |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=collections.britishart.yale.edu}}</ref> <ref name="AFP">{{cite web |last1=Claxton |first1=Gavin |title=Henry Pether: Mr Moonlight |url=https://academyfinepaintings.com/henry-pether-mr-moonlight/ |website=AFP |date=7 October 2024}}</ref>
Pether lived in the Camden and Clapham boroughs in London,<ref name="RMG" /> and Southampton.<ref name="GAC" />{{efn|There is a debate as to whether or not he ever lived in Greenwich. Hemming stated that Pether did not live in Greenwich.<ref name="Hemming">{{Cite book |last=Hemming |first=Charles |url=http://archive.org/details/britishpainterso0000hemm |title=British painters of the coast and sea : a history and gazetteer |date=1988 |publisher=London : V. Gollancz |isbn=978-0-575-03956-8 | page=180}}</ref> The Government Art Collection and other sources state that he had lived in Greenwich.<ref name="Hemming" /><ref name="GAC" /> In addition, the notice for his placement in debtors' prison identified a number of places he had lived by 1837, including Greenwich.<ref name="Debtor">{{Cite news |date=14 January 1837 |title=Insolvent debtors: Henry Pether |pages=1 |work=The Hampshire Advertiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113084612/insolvent-debtors-henry-pethers/ |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref>}} In 1837, he was described as a surveyor, engineer,{{efn|He was a surveyor and engineer in the Prospectus of the London and Portsmouth Direct Railway in 1836.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1836-09-10 |title=Prospectus of the London and Portsmouth Direct Railway |pages=1 |work=The Manchester Times and Manchester and Salford Advertiser and Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113085381/prospectus-of-the-london-and-portsmouth/ |access-date=2022-11-15}}</ref>}} artist, and an architect when he was an inmate in a debtors' prison in London.<ref name="GAC" /><ref name="Debtor" /> He applied for patents for lamps, architectural materials, and tiles, the latter of which was exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851.<ref name="GAC" /> At that time, he was married to Sarah and had three children: Fanny, Harry, and Kate who ranged from nine to fourteen years of age. The family lived at Kennington in 1851.<ref name="GAC" />
He died on Stockwell Green in London on 20 February 1880,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1880-02-28 |title=Death: Henry Pether |pages=4 |work=The Hampshire Advertiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113070564/death-henry-pether/ |access-date=2022-11-14}}</ref> a few days after his 80th birthday.<ref name="obit">{{Cite news |date=1880-02-23 |title=Death: Henry Pether |pages=1 |work=The Standard |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113071303/death-henry-pether/ |access-date=2022-11-14}}</ref>{{efn|Trinity House states that Pether died in the workhouse in Chelsea.<ref name="TH" />}} Papers, images, and other documentation of Pether's works are held at the Frick Art Reference Library.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry Pether |url=https://library.frick.org/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991004147899707141&context=L&vid=01NYA_INST:Frick&lang=en&search_scope=Frick&adaptor=Local%2520Search%2520Engine&query=any,contains,%2520%2522Henry%2520Pether%2522 |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Frick Art Reference Library |language=en}}</ref>
== Gallery == {{commons category|Henry Pether}} <gallery widths="220" heights="150" class="center"> File:Henry Pether (1800-1880) - Twickenham, Middlesex, by Moonlight - LDORL , 00067 - Orleans House Gallery.jpg|''Twickenham by Moonlight'', 1835 File:Henry Pether - Lambeth Palace - Google Art Project.jpg|alt=|''Lambeth Palace from the River Thames'' File:Henry pether horseguards parade from st jamess park121156).jpg|alt=|''Horseguards Parade from St James' Park'' File:Henry Pether - Upnor Castle, Kent - Google Art Project.jpg|alt=|''Upnor Castle, Rochester, Kent'' File:Henry Pether - Eruzione del Vesuvio.jpg|''Vesuvius Erupting'' </gallery>
==See also== * Night in paintings (Western art)
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pether, Henry}} Category:1800 births Category:1880 deaths Category:English landscape painters Category:Moon in art Category:Artists from London Category:Artists from Southampton Category:People imprisoned for debt Category:English inventors