Henriette Pauss

{{Short description|Norwegian teacher, editor, missionary, and humanitarian}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Henriette Pauss | honorific_suffix = | image = Anna Henriette Paus.jpg | alt = | caption = Portrait owned by [[Oslo Museum]] | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Anna Henriette Wegner | birth_date = {{birth date|1841|04|02|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Frogner Manor]], Aker | death_date = {{death date and age|1918|04|04|1841|04|02|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Oslo|Christiania]] | death_cause = | resting_place = [[Vår Frelsers gravlund]] | resting_place_coordinates =  | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | occupation = | years_active = | era = | employer = | known_for = Teacher, editor and humanitarian and missionary leader | spouse = [[Bernhard Pauss]] | father = [[Benjamin Wegner]] | mother = [[Henriette Wegner|Henriette Seyler]] | children = [[Nikolai Nissen Paus]], [[Augustin Paus]], [[George Wegner Paus]], Henriette Wegner Paus, Karoline Louise Paus | relatives = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | footnotes = }} '''Anna Henriette''' "'''Jette'''" '''Pauss''' (2{{nbsp}}April 1841{{snd}}4{{nbsp}}April 1918), {{nee|'''Anna Henriette Wegner'''}}, was a Norwegian teacher, editor, [[girls' education]] pioneer, estate owner, and humanitarian and missionary leader. With her husband [[Bernhard Pauss]], she was a major figure in advancing girls' education in Norway in the 19th and early 20th centuries. She was editor-in-chief of ''[[Santalen]]'' from 1907 to 1912, the first woman to be editor of a nationwide publication that was not specifically focused on women's issues.{{efn|Henriette Pauss had assisted her husband [[Bernhard Pauss]] in editing ''[[Santalen]]'' from its beginning in 1883 and, upon his death in 1907, took over as editor-in-chief, with Ivar Holsvik as editorial secretary. Thus, she became the first woman editor of a nationwide publication that was not specifically focused on women's issues. Her friend and close neighbor in her youth, [[Gina Krog]], was the editor of the women's rights journal ''[[Nylænde]]'' from 1887. The women's magazine ''Urd'' was edited by Anna Bøe from 1897. [[Nanna With]] became the first woman newspaper editor in 1905, at the local paper ''[[Vesteraalens Avis]]''.}}

She was born at [[Frogner Manor]] and was the youngest daughter of the mining and timber magnate [[Benjamin Wegner]] and the banking heir, philanthropist and early women's rights pioneer [[Henriette Wegner|Henriette Seyler]], who was a co-owner of her family's bank, [[Berenberg Bank]]. Her parents moved to Norway in the early 1820s when her father became managing director and co-owner of [[Blaafarveværket]], the country's largest mining company and industrial enterprise. She was a goddaughter of Countess [[Karen Wedel-Jarlsberg]] and Prime Minister [[Frederik Stang]]. Her grandfather was the Hamburg banker and politician [[Ludwig Erdwin Seyler]] and her great-grandfather was the theatre director [[Abel Seyler]].

In the 1860s she became a teacher at [[Hartvig Nissen School|Nissen's Girls' School]], Norway's preeminent educational institution for girls and women. In 1876 she married the school's owner and headmaster Bernhard Pauss, a member of the noted [[Paus family]]. She served as the school's headmistress from 1885 to 1909. They established, among other things, Norway's first girls' gymnasium or high school. She was extensively involved in other schools and organizations. She was one of the key leaders of the [[Norwegian Santal Mission]] that ran schools, hospitals and social projects in [[India]]; she was the first woman to be a national board member of a major Christian organization in Norway. With two of her siblings she was one of the owners of [[Hafslund]] Manor, a 340,000 decare estate. She and the other owners sold Hafslund in 1894 to the consortium that became the beginning of the energy company [[Hafslund (company)|Hafslund]].

She was the mother of the surgeon and President of the Norwegian Red Cross [[Nikolai Nissen Paus]], of the industrial leader [[Augustin Paus]] and of the lawyer, mountaineer and business executive [[George Wegner Paus]].

==Background== [[File:Henriette Seyler drawn by her sister Molly Seyler in 1827 (cropped).jpeg|thumb|left|Her mother [[Henriette Wegner]] (née [[Seyler family|Seyler]]) was a co-owner of [[Berenberg Bank]] and a granddaughter of the theatre director [[Abel Seyler]]]]

She was born at [[Frogner Manor]] and was the youngest daughter of the mining magnate [[Benjamin Wegner]] and the philanthropist [[Henriette Wegner]] (née [[Seyler family|Seyler]]).<ref>Rolf B. Wegner (Sr.): ''Familien Wegner'', Halden, 1963</ref> Her parents moved to Norway from Germany in the early 1820s; her father was a co-owner and managing director of [[Blaafarveværket]], owner of [[Frogner Manor]] and co-owner of [[Hassel Iron Works]], [[Hafslund]] Manor and the timber company of Juel, Wegner & Co.<ref name="Roede">{{cite book |last=Roede |first=Lars |year=2012 |title= Frogner hovedgård: Bondegård, herskapsgård, byens gård |chapter= Industriherren Benjamin Wegner på Frogner |pages= 148–161 |location=Oslo |publisher=Pax forlag|isbn= 978-82-530-3496-6 }}</ref><ref>Ingerid Hagen (2022). ''[http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_pliktmonografi_000004171 Blåfargen fra Modum: storhetstiden: Blaafarveværket 1822–1848]''. Stiftelsen Modums Blaafarveværk. ISBN 9788290734584.</ref> Her grandparents were the Hamburg banker [[Ludwig Erdwin Seyler|L.E. Seyler]] and [[Anna Henriette Gossler]], for whom she was named. Her mother was a co-owner of her family's bank, [[Berenberg Bank]], and a granddaughter of the Swiss theatre director [[Abel Seyler]].

She was a goddaughter of Countess [[Karen Wedel-Jarlsberg]], Prime Minister [[Nicolai Johan Lohmann Krog]], President of the Parliament [[Søren Anton Wilhelm Sørenssen]], banker [[Johannes Thomassen Heftye]], Prime Minister [[Frederik Stang]], the King's aide-de-camp [[Hans Christian Rosen]], Marie Schjøtt and Henriette Benedicte [[Løvenskiold]].<ref>[http://www.arkivverket.no/URN:kb_read?idx_kildeid=7705&idx_id=7705&uid=ny&idx_side=-168 Oslo fylke, Aker, Ministerialbok nr. 16 (1827–1841), Fødte og døpte 1841, p. 217.]</ref> In 1864, her family sold Frognerseteren to her [[wikt:godbrother|godbrother]] [[Thomas Johannessen Heftye]].

Together with her sister and her brother George Wegner, she was from 1875 to 1894 one of the main owners of [[Hafslund]] Manor, which included sawmills, timber export, around 340,000 decares of forest in Østfold and Østerdalen, and a large number of tenant farms; she and her co-owners sold Hafslund in 1894 to the consortium that marked the beginning of the energy company [[Hafslund (company)|Hafslund]].

In 1876 she married [[Bernhard Pauss]], the headmaster and co-owner of [[Hartvig Nissen School|Nissen's Girls' School]]. They had five children: the surgeon [[Nikolai Nissen Paus]], the lawyer [[George Wegner Paus]] and the hydropower executive [[Augustin Paus]], and the daughters Henriette and Louise. She is interred at [[Vår Frelsers gravlund]].<ref>"Enkefru Henriette Pauss' begravelse," in ''[[Aftenposten]]'', 13 April 1918, p. 4</ref>

==Teaching career and public service== [[File:Nissens Pikeskole - Nissen's Girls' School.jpg|thumb|The old building of [[Hartvig Nissen School|Nissen's Girls' School]]. The Pauss family lived on the top floor]]

She and her husband were the leaders and owners of the private [[Hartvig Nissen School|Nissen's Girls' School]], the pioneer of higher girls' schools in Norway, for several decades. She served as the school's first teacher or headmistress and was the only woman in the school's management from 1885 to 1909.<ref>Einar Boyesen (ed.): ''Nissens pikeskole 1849–1924'', Oslo 1924</ref><ref>[[Nils A. Ytreberg]]: ''Nissen pikeskole 1849–1949'', Oslo 1949</ref>

She was also one of the early leaders of the [[Norwegian Santal Mission]], a humanitarian and missionary organisation that was active among the [[Santhal people]] of [[India]]. In 1907, she succeeded her husband as editor of the organisation's journal ''[[Santalen]]'' ("The Santal") and also became a member of its executive board, as the first woman elected to the national leadership of a Norwegian missionary organization.<ref>Johan Nyhagen, ''Santalmisjonens historie; med særlig henblikk på utviklingen i India og Norge'', vol. 2, Oslo, 1968, pp. 302ff, passim</ref><ref>Ivar Holsvik og M.A. Waaler, ''Festskrift i anledning Santalmissionens 50-aars jubilæum'', p. 104, Copenhagen, 1918</ref> The village of [[Pauspur]] in India was named for her husband.

She was also a member of the board of directors of the School for Young Ladies in [[Kristian Augusts gate|Christian Augusts Gade]], one of the key leaders and a board member of the Morality Association and a board member of the Association for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Sunday, of which Supreme Court Justice [[Edward Isak Hambro|Edward Hambro]] was chairman. Together with e.g. [[Moltke Moe]], [[Erik Werenskiold]], [[Gina Krog]], [[Axel Johannessen]], [[Erika Nissen]] and [[Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson]], she was among the co-authors of the book ''[[Forældre og Børn]]'', edited by [[Aksel Arstal]] (1902). <!-- ==Ancestry==

{{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center | 1 = '''Anna Henriette Wegner''' | 2 = [[Benjamin Wegner|Jacob Benjamin Wegner]] (1795–1864), industrialist and Hanseatic consul-general | 3 = [[Henriette Wegner|Henriette Seyler]] (1805–1875) | 4 = Johann Jacob Wegner (ca. 1757–1797), police commissioner in Königsberg | 5 = Regina Dorothea Harder (1770–1813) | 6 = [[Ludwig Erdwin Seyler|L.E. Seyler]] (1758–1836), co-owner of [[Berenberg Bank]] | 7 = [[Anna Henriette Gossler]] (1771–1836) | 8 = | 9 = | 10 = Christoph Harder, accountant and sworn weigher in Königsberg | 11 = | 12 = [[Abel Seyler]] (1730–1801), banker and theatre director | 13 = Sophie Elisabeth [[Andreae & Co.|Andreae]] (1730–1764) | 14 = [[Johann Hinrich Gossler]] (1738–1790), owner of [[Berenberg Bank]] | 15 = [[Elisabeth Berenberg]] (1749–1822), co-owner of [[Berenberg Bank]] | 16 = | 17 = | 18 = | 19 = | 20 = | 21 = | 22 = | 23 = | 24 = Abel [[Seyler]] (1684–1767), parish priest in [[Liestal]], [[Switzerland]] | 25 = Anna Katharina [[Burckhardt]] (1694–1773) | 26 = Leopold [[Andreae & Co.|Andreae]] (1686–1730), court pharmacist in Hanover | 27 = Katharina Elisabeth Rosenhagen (–1752) | 28 = Johan Eibert [[Gossler]] (1700–1776), Hamburg burgher | 29 = Catharina Lucretia Boedecker (1694–1773) | 30 = [[Johann Berenberg]] (1718–1772), owner of [[Berenberg Bank]] | 31 = Anna Maria Lastrop (1723–1761) }} -->

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pauss, Henriette}} [[Category:1841 births]] [[Category:1918 deaths]] [[Category:Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour]] [[Category:Schoolteachers from Oslo]] [[Category:Norwegian people of German descent]] [[Category:Norwegian writers]]