{{Short description|Swedish Army officer}} {{distinguish|Hemming Gadh}} {{Infobox military person | name = Hemming Gadd | image = Hemming Gadd SPA12.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1837|11|6|df=yes}} | birth_place = Harlösa, Sweden | death_date = {{Death date and age|1915|1|14|1837|11|6|df=yes}} | death_place = Stockholm, Sweden | burial_place = | burial_label = | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> | allegiance = Sweden | branch = Swedish Army | service_years = 1858–1905 | rank = General | service_number = <!-- Do not use data from primary sources such as service records --> | unit = | commands = {{bulleted list|Royal Swedish Army Staff College|Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence|2nd Life Grenadier Regiment|Svea Life Guards|4th Army Division|Commandant General in Stockholm}} | battles = | battles_label = | awards = | memorials = | spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced --> | relations = | other_work = }}
General '''Hemming Gadd''' (6 November 1837 – 14 January 1915) was a Swedish Army officer. His senior commands included regimental commander of the 2nd Life Grenadier Regiment and Svea Life Guards, as well as commander of the 4th Army Division. Gadd served as Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff from 1905 to 1907.
==Early life== Gadd was born on 6 November 1837 in Harlösa, Sweden,<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/nfbi/0287.html |editor-last=Westrin |editor-first=Theodor |title=Nordisk familjebok: konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi |edition=New, rev. and rich ill. |year=1908 |publisher=Nordisk familjeboks förl. |location=Stockholm |volume=9 |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|8072220}} |pages=537–538}}</ref> the son Johan Niklas Gadd, a provost, and his wife Sofia Dahlberg.<ref name="Vem var det? (1944), p. 71">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/vemvardet/0071.html |title=Vem var det?: biografier över bortgångna svenska män och kvinnor samt kronologisk förteckning över skilda ämbetens och tjänsters innehavare |trans-title=Who was it?: biographies of deceased Swedish men and women and chronological list of different office and services holders |year=1944 |publisher=Norstedt |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|8079633}} |page=71}}</ref> In 1857 he served as a non-commissioned officer in the North Scanian Infantry Regiment (I 6), and he was commissioned as an officer the following year.<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538"/>
==Career== In 1861, Gadd graduated from the Higher Artillery School (''Högre artilleriläroverket'') in Marieberg in Stockholm and in 1865 became a general staff officer serving in the 1st Military District (''1:a militärdistriktet'') as a staff adjutant until 1871.<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/><ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/spg/7-1/0019.html |editor1-last=Hildebrand |editor1-first=Albin |editor2-last=Bergström |editor2-first=Otto |title=Svenskt porträttgalleri. 7, Armén. H. 1, Generalitetet, de kungliga personernas staber, generalstaben och fortifikationen |date=1896 |publisher=Tullberg |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|384679}} |page=7}}</ref> He was promoted to lieutenant in the army in 1865 and in the regiment in 1867.<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> After serving in the General Staff's Statistics Department, he was appointed captain in 1873 at the same year reorganized General Staff.<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/> He then served as chief of staff in the 1st Military District from 1872 to 1878.<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> In the years 1875-1876 he made a study trip to Germany as a scholarship holder of the General Staff. From 1879 to 1883, Gadd was a teacher of warfare and military history at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College.<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/> During his early military career, Gadd also participated in field service exercises in Prussia in 1869 and Hanover in 1874, as well as in the autumn exercises in Germany in 1877.<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/>
In 1880, Gadd was promoted to major in the General Staff and he served as Vice Chief of the Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence from 1880 to 1883.<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> In 1883 he was appointed lieutenant colonel in the North Scanian Infantry Regiment<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> and was appointed head of the Royal Swedish Army Staff College, where he had worked as a teacher since 1879.<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538"/> Gadd then served as Chief of the Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence from 1886 to 1888 when he became lieutenant colonel in the General Staff and was appointed regimental commander of the 2nd Life Grenadier Regiment (I 5), with the rank of colonel.<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> He transferred to the Svea Life Guards (I 1) in 1892 where he took up the position of executive commander.<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538"/> Gadd was promoted to major general in 1892 and four years later, on 16 January 1896, he was appointed commander of the 4th Army Division, succeeding Crown Prince Gustaf on the post.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tidningar.kb.se/4112759/1896-01-18/edition/163960/part/1/page/3/ |newspaper=Norrtelje Tidning |title=Militära utnämningar m.m. |number=5 |page=3 |date=18 January 1896 |accessdate=8 January 2021 |language=sv}}</ref> Gadd was promoted to lieutenant general in 1902<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538"/> and on 8 November 1905, he left the position as commander and was promoted to general.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tidningar.kb.se/2645737/1905-11-08/edition/165596/part/1/page/2/ |newspaper=Bergslagernas Nyheter |title=Det högre armébefälet |number=18 |page=2 |date=8 November 1905 |accessdate=8 January 2021 |language=sv}}</ref> After the Commandant General in Stockholm, Lieutenant General Sven Lagerberg, died in March 1905, Gadd took over the position between March and November 1905.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tidningar.kb.se/8224221/1905-03-28/edition/0A/part/1/page/1/ |newspaper=Dagens Nyheter |title=Öfverkommendant i Stockholm |page=1 |number=12554 |date=1905-03-28 |access-date=13 January 2021 |language=sv}}</ref><ref name="GA (1905), p. 82">{{cite news |url=https://tidningar.kb.se/2647969/1905-11-04/edition/257A%20/part/1/page/2/ |newspaper=Göteborgs Aftonblad |title=Allmänna nyheter |page=2 |number=257 |date=1905-11-04 |access-date=13 January 2021 |language=sv}}</ref>
Gadd was appointed as ADC to King Oscar II in 1881 and as senior ADC to the King in 1888.<ref name="Hildebrand & Bergström (1896), p. 7"/> During his military service, he was a member of, among others, the committee for the preparation of proposals for exercise regulations for the infantry (1893–1894), the Committee for Investigation Concerning the Country's Permanent Defence (1897–1898), the Committee for the Preparation of Field Service Regulations (1899–1901), the Committee for Reviewing Proposals for New Army Order (1900) and the Committee for the Revision of Regulations and Instructions for Infantry Training (1902–1904).<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/> In addition to its military activities, Gadd was chairman of the executive board of the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute from 1894 to 1909,<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4"/> of the Court-Martial of Appeal from 1903 to 1910<ref name="Hildebrand (1913), p. 240">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/spg/26/0250.html |editor-last=Hildebrand |editor-first=Albin |date=1913 |title=Svenskt porträttgalleri. Generalregister |trans-title=Swedish portrait gallery. General Register |location=Stockholm |publisher=Tullberg |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|384717}} |page=240}}</ref> and of the Executive Board of the Army Pension Fund (''Arméns pensionskassa'') from 1905<ref name="Westrin (1908), pp. 537-538"/> and the King's Hospital (''Konungens hospital'').<ref name="Hvar 8 dag (1915), p. 265">{{cite journal |url=https://runeberg.org/hvar8dag/16/0287.html |journal=Hvar 8 Dag |title=General Hemming Gadd död |date=24 January 1915 |publisher=D. F. Bonniers boktryckeri A.-B. |location=Gothenburg |number=17 |page=265 |language=sv}}</ref> Gadd also served as Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff from 1905 to 1907.<ref name="Hildebrand (1913), p. 240"/>
==Personal life== In 1877, Gadd married Ida Paulina Benedicks (4 October 1849 – 29 November 1921).<ref name="Bohman & Dahl (1946), p. 4">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/smok/3/0016.html |editor-last1=Bohman |editor-first1=Nils |editor-last2=Dahl |editor-first2=Torsten |title=Svenska män och kvinnor: biografisk uppslagsbok. 3 G-H |year=1946 |publisher=Bonnier |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|53802}} |page=4}}</ref><ref name="svenskagravar.se"/>
==Death== Gadd died on 14 January 1915 in his home in Stockholm.<ref name="Hvar 8 dag (1915), p. 265"/> Gadd was interred at Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.<ref name="svenskagravar.se">{{cite web |url=http://svenskagravar.se/search?ShowFilters=False&Query=Hemming+Gadd+1915&ParishId=&GraveNumber=&BirthDate=&DeathDate=&BurialDate=&OrderByDesc=False&OrderBy= |website=www.svenskagravar.se |title=Hemming Gadd |access-date=8 January 2021 |language=sv}}</ref>
==Dates of rank== *1858 – ''Underlöjtnant'' *1865 – Lieutenant *1872 – Captain *1880 – Major *1883 – Lieutenant colonel *1888 – Colonel *1892 – Major general *1902 – Lieutenant general *1905 – General
==Awards and decorations==
===Swedish=== *50x50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Knight and Commander of the Orders of His Majesty the King (Order of the Seraphim) (1 December 1905)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1915), p. 679">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0670.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1915 |year=1915 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=679}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} King Oscar II and Queen Sofia's Golden Wedding Medal (1907)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1915), p. 679"/> *50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} King Oscar II's Jubilee Commemorative Medal (1897)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1915), p. 679"/> *50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (1 December 1899)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0466.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1905 |year=1904 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=442}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (1 December 1893)<ref>{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1894 |year=1893 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=405}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Sweden}} Knight 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (1879)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1881/0417.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1881 |year=1880 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=391}}</ref>
===Foreign=== *50px {{flagicon|Denmark}} Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog (between 1894 and 1901)<ref name="Statskal1894">{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1894 |year=1893 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=117}}</ref><ref name="Statskal01">{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1901 |year=1900 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=120}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Denmark}} Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Dannebrog (between 1890 and 1894)<ref name="Statskal1894"/><ref name="Statskal1890"/> *50px {{flagicon|Prussia}} Knight of the Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown (3 August 1908)<ref name="Rikskal1908Generalitet">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/rikskal/1908/0238.html |title=Svensk rikskalender 1908 |year=1908 |publisher=P. A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|498191}} |page=154}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/rikskal/1909/0239.html |title=Svensk rikskalender 1909 |year=1908 |publisher=P. A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |id={{SELIBR|498191}} |page=155}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Prussia}} Knight 1st Class of the Order of the Crown (between 1905 and 1908)<ref name="Rikskal1908Generalitet"/><ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0147.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1905 |year=1904 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=123}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Prussia}} Knight 3rd Class of the Order of the Crown (between 1877 and 1881)<ref name="Statskal1877">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1877/0135.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1877 |year=1876 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=111}}</ref><ref name="Statskal1881Arméen">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1881/0140.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1881 |year=1880 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=115}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Prussia}} Knight 2nd Class of Order of the Red Eagle with diamonds (between 1888 and 1890)<ref name="Statskal1890">{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1890 |year=1889 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=125}}</ref><ref name="Statskal1888">{{cite book |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1888 |year=1887 |publisher=P.A. Nordstedt & Söner |location=Stockholm |language=sv |page=117}}</ref> *50px {{flagicon|Baden|Grand Duchy of Baden}} Commander 2nd Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (between 1881 and 1888)<ref name="Statskal1881Arméen"/><ref name="Statskal1888"/> *50px {{flagicon|France}} Knight of the Legion of Honour (between 1877 and 1881)<ref name="Statskal1877"/><ref name="Statskal1881Arméen"/> *50px {{flagicon|Italy|1861}} Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy (between 1877 and 1881)<ref name="Statskal1877"/><ref name="Statskal1881Arméen"/> *50px {{flagicon|Norway}} Knight 1st Class of the Order of St. Olav (1882)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0377.html |editor-first=N. R. |editor-last=Bull |title=Norges statskalender for Aaret 1890 |year=1889 |location=Kristiania |language=no |id={{SELIBR|8207750}} |page=637}}</ref>
==Honours== *Member of the second class of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1880)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1915), p. 642">{{cite book |url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0642.html |title=Sveriges statskalender för år 1915 |year=1915 |publisher=Fritzes offentliga publikationer |location=Uppsala |language=sv |page=642}}</ref> *Member of the first class of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1892)<ref name="Sveriges statskalender (1915), p. 642"/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{succession box | title = Royal Swedish Army Staff College | years = 1883–1886 | before = Johan Olof Billdau Stecksén | after = Adolf Malmborg }} {{succession box | title = Military Office of the Ministry of Land Defence | years = 1886–1888 | before = Adam Anders Thorén | after = Carl Warberg }} {{succession box | title = 2nd Life Grenadier Regiment | years = 1888–1892 | before = Harald Spens | after = Fritz Lovén }} {{succession box | title = Svea Life Guards | years = 1892–1896 | before = Henric Ankarcrona | after = Carl Lagercrantz }} {{Succession box | title = 4th Army Division | years = 1896–1905 | before = Crown Prince Gustaf | after = Carl Warberg }} {{Succession box | title = Commandant General in Stockholm | years = March 1905 – November 1905 | before = Sven Lagerberg | after = Carl Warberg }} {{s-npo|pro}} {{succession box | title = {{no wrap|Chairman of the Military Society}} | years = 1902–1909 | before = Christian Lovén | after = Carl Rosenblad }} {{s-court}} {{s-bef | before = Sven Lagerberg}} {{s-ttl | title = Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff| years = 1905–1907}} {{s-aft | after = Carl Rosenblad|as=Acting}} {{S-end}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gadd, Hemming}} Category:1837 births Category:1915 deaths Category:Swedish Army generals Category:People from Eslöv Municipality Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences Category:Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen