{{short description|United States national health promotion goals}} '''Healthy People''' is a program of a nationwide [[health promotion|health-promotion]] and [[disease]]-prevention goals set by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]]. The goals were first set in 1979 "in response to an emerging consensus among scientists and health authorities that national health priorities should emphasize disease prevention". The Healthy People program was originally issued by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. This first issue contained "a report announcing goals for a ten-year plan to reduce controllable health risks. In its section on [[nutrition]], the report recommended diets with fewer calories; less saturated fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar; relatively more complex carbohydrates, fish and poultry; and less red meat." Though this recommended diet consisted of more processed foods rather than fresh produce, the report advised for consumers to "be wary of processed foods".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nestle|first1=Marion|title=Food Lobbies, the Food Pyramid, and U.S. Nutrition Policy|journal=International Journal of Health Services|date=1993|volume=23|issue=3|pages=483–95|doi=10.2190/32F2-2PFB-MEG7-8HPU|pmid=8375951|s2cid=7546556|url=http://www.foodpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/LobbiesPyramid_IntJHealthServ_94.pdf|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref> The goals were subsequently updated for '''Healthy People 2000''', '''Healthy People 2010''', '''Healthy People 2020''' and '''Healthy People 2030'''.<ref name=WhatIs/>
Science based goals and objectives are reviewed, used and updated by the federal government, states, communities as well as other private institutions to combat and prevent health issues. Using the data collected, broad objectives are created in order to manage the direction of the population's health.<ref name=jh>{{Cite journal|last=Haskins|first=Julia|date=2017-08-01|title=Healthy People 2030 to create objectives for health of nation: Process underway for next 10-year plan|url=https://www.thenationshealth.org/content/47/6/1.1|journal=The Nation's Health|language=en|volume=47|issue=6|pages=1–14|issn=0028-0496}}</ref> These objectives have been used at a national level in industries such as housing and transportation, as well as at a state level as seen Iowa.<ref name=jh/> The Iowa Department of Public Health utilized '''Healthy People 2020''' to develop the Healthy Iowans state health plan.<ref name=jh/> Progress towards objectives is updated regularly and can be seen on their website, where data has shown that between 2010 and 2014, 14 of the 26 indicators have met their targets as part of the '''Healthy People 2020''' plan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators: Progress Update |url=https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/Healthy-People-2020-Leading-Health-Indicators:-Progress-Update|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.healthypeople.gov}}</ref>
'''Healthy People 2010''', started in January 2000 by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]], was a set of nationwide health-promotion and disease-prevention goals to be achieved by the year 2010.<ref name=NCHS>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hpdata2010/abouthp.htm About Healthy People 2010.] Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> Programs such as [[HealthCorps]] grew out of this plan.<ref>The Saturday Evening Post, November/December 2007</ref>
==Healthy People 2010== Healthy People 2010 "was developed through a broad consultation process, built on the best scientific knowledge and designed to measure programs over time".<ref name=WhatIs>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/about/whatis.htm What is Healthy People?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117035500/http://healthypeople.gov/About/whatis.htm |date=2009-01-17 }} Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> It is composed of 467 specific objectives organized into 28 focus areas, as well as two overarching goals.<ref name=NCHS/> The two goals are:<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/About/goals.htm What are its goals?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117035328/http://healthypeople.gov/About/goals.htm |date=2009-01-17 }} Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> * "increase quality and years of healthy life" * "eliminate [[health disparities]]"
To track the Healthy People 2010 objectives, national data are being gathered from 190 sources.<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/Data/dataover.htm Data overview.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201214318/http://www.healthypeople.gov/Data/dataover.htm |date=2010-12-01 }} Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> Ten "Leading Health Indicators" reflect major health concerns:<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/LHI/lhiwhat.htm What are the Leading Health Indicators?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218044254/http://healthypeople.gov/LHI/lhiwhat.htm |date=2010-12-18 }} Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> * [[physical activity]] * [[overweight]] and [[obesity]] * [[tobacco]] use * [[substance abuse]] * responsible [[Human sexual behavior|sexual behavior]] * [[mental health]] * [[injury]] and [[violence]] * [[environmental quality]] * [[immunization]] * access to [[health care]]
The campaign identifies 6 major factors (Social Identities) that contribute to disparities in the health of Americans:<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/html/uih/uih_2.htm A systematic approach to health improvement.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219081349/http://healthypeople.gov/Document/html/uih/uih_2.htm |date=2010-12-19 }} In: Healthy People 2010. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000 November. Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref> * gender * race or ethnicity * education or income * [[disability]] * geographic location * [[sexual orientation]]
==Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020== Healthy People 2010 expanded and updated the 1979 "Healthy People" and 1990 "Healthy People 2000" efforts;<ref name=WhatIs/> for example, the Healthy People 2000 goal of "reducing health disparities" was strengthened in Healthy People 2010 to "eliminate health disparities".<ref>National Center for Health Statistics. [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hp2000/hp2k01.pdf Healthy People 2000 final review.] Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 2001. Accessed 2009 Jan 18.</ref>
Healthy People 2020 expanded on Healthy People 2010 and was presented on 2 December 2010.<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. [http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/default.aspx] Accessed 2011 Sept 16.</ref>
Healthy People 2020's program has 4 overarching goals,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Supplemental Information 3: An excerpt from Data Downloads page, where users can download original datasets.|journal=PeerJ|date=13 August 2020|volume=8|pages=e9467|doi=10.7717/peerj.9467/supp-3|last1=Bolduc|first1=Benjamin|last2=Hodgkins|first2=Suzanne B.|last3=Varner|first3=Ruth K.|last4=Crill|first4=Patrick M.|last5=McCalley|first5=Carmody K.|last6=Chanton|first6=Jeffrey P.|last7=Tyson|first7=Gene W.|last8=Riley|first8=William J.|last9=Palace|first9=Michael|last10=Duhaime|first10=Melissa B.|last11=Hough|first11=Moira A.|last12=Saleska|first12=Scott R.|last13=Sullivan|first13=Matthew B.|last14=Rich|first14=Virginia I.|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Higher quality and longer lives without preventable diseases, disabilities, injury and premature death * Health equity, elimination of disparities and improvement of health in all demographic groups * Creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all * Promoting higher quality of life, healthy development and behaviors across every stage of life
As part of the new Healthy People 2020 approach, 12 topic areas were selected as leading health indicators (LHI's), which address determinants of health affecting quality of life, behaviors and healthy age development<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Supplemental Information 3: An excerpt from Data Downloads page, where users can download original datasets.|journal=PeerJ|date=13 August 2020|volume=8|pages=e9467|doi=10.7717/peerj.9467/supp-3|last1=Bolduc|first1=Benjamin|last2=Hodgkins|first2=Suzanne B.|last3=Varner|first3=Ruth K.|last4=Crill|first4=Patrick M.|last5=McCalley|first5=Carmody K.|last6=Chanton|first6=Jeffrey P.|last7=Tyson|first7=Gene W.|last8=Riley|first8=William J.|last9=Palace|first9=Michael|last10=Duhaime|first10=Melissa B.|last11=Hough|first11=Moira A.|last12=Saleska|first12=Scott R.|last13=Sullivan|first13=Matthew B.|last14=Rich|first14=Virginia I.|doi-access=free}}</ref> * [[Health care|Access to Health Services]] * [[Preventive healthcare|Clinical Preventive Services]] * [[Environmental quality|Environmental Quality]] * [[Violence|Injury and Violence]] * [[Maternal health|Maternal, Infant and Child Health]] * [[Mental health|Mental Health]] * [[Physical activity|Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity]] * [[Oral health|Oral Health]] * [[Reproductive health|Reproductive and Sexual Health]] * [[Social determinants of health|Social Determinants]] * [[Substance abuse|Substance Abuse]] * [[Tobacco]]
== Healthy People 2030 == Developed by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion]], Healthy People 2030 is the fifth iteration of the 1979 Surgeon General's initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Healthy People 2030 Framework – Healthy People 2030 {{!}} health.gov|url=https://health.gov/healthypeople/about/healthy-people-2030-framework|access-date=2021-07-20|website=health.gov}}</ref> The program launched in April 2020, and increases the focus on health equity, social determinants of health, and health literacy as well as adding a new focus on well-being.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Healthy People {{!}} health.gov|url=https://health.gov/our-work/healthy-people/about-healthy-people/history-healthy-people|access-date=2021-07-20|website=health.gov}}</ref>
The plan consists of three types of objectives; core, developmental and research. Core objectives are defined as high-priority objectives with an identified data source.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Healthy People – HP2020 – Topic Areas|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> Developmental objectives are defined as issues that are high-priority, however lack credible or reliable baseline data to provide support.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Healthy People – HP2020 – Topic Areas|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> Research objectives are defined as areas that present health or economic burdens, however research is needed to identify interventions based on evidence to improve health.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Healthy People – HP2020 – Topic Areas|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref> The total number of objectives were reduced from over 1000 objectives in Healthy People 2020 to only around 360 objectives in Healthy People 2030 so that health practitioners and public health professionals can effectively address social determinants of health within the community.
Differences in objectives between Healthy People 2030 and Healthy People 2020 include a reduction in number of measurable objectives from the previous decade, increases in data sets, inclusion of e-cigarettes, and providing resources in order to adapt to emerging health crisis such as COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Healthy People 2030 Questions & Answers {{!}} health.gov|url=https://health.gov/our-work/healthy-people/healthy-people-2030/questions-answers|access-date=2021-07-20|website=health.gov|language=en}}</ref> Furthermore, Healthy People 2030 includes 8 overall health and well-being measures (OHMs):<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overall Health and Well-Being Measures – Healthy People 2030 {{!}} health.gov|url=https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/overall-health-and-well-being-measures|access-date=2021-07-20|website=health.gov|language=en}}</ref>
Well Being: * Overall well-being
Health Life Expectancy: * Life expectancy at birth without activity limitation * Life expectancy at birth free of disability * Life expectancy at birth in good or better health
Mortality and Health: * Life expectancy at birth * Free of activity limitation * Free of disability * Respondent-assessed health status
The focus of the Healthy People 2030 program is on upstream factors, or similar behaviors amongst populations that both effect people's health and their environments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=December 16, 2020|title=Just Released: Healthy People 2030's Leading Health Indicators and Overall Health and Well-Being Measures|url=https://www.hiv.gov/blog/just-released-healthy-people-2030-s-leading-health-indicators-and-overall-health-and-well-being|access-date=2021-07-20|website=HIV.gov|date=16 December 2020|language=en}}</ref> For the first time in the Healthy people program history, Healthy People 2030 includes four objectives regarding adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, such as [[poverty]] and [[abuse]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amanda Merck|date=2021-06-28|title=Healthy People 2030 Adds 4 Objectives on Childhood Trauma, Up From 0|url=https://salud-america.org/healthy-people-2030-adds-4-objectives-on-childhood-trauma-up-from-0/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=Salud America|language=en-US}}</ref> These four objectives aim to reduce the number of young adults reporting 3 or more ACE's, increase proportion of children with symptoms of trauma who get treatment, increase the proportion of children who show resilience to challenges and stress and increase the number of early childcare educational settings that are informed regarding childhood traumas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amanda Merck|date=2021-06-28|title=Healthy People 2030 Adds 4 Objectives on Childhood Trauma, Up From 0|url=https://salud-america.org/healthy-people-2030-adds-4-objectives-on-childhood-trauma-up-from-0/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=Salud America|language=en-US}}</ref>
Healthy People 2030 also focuses on elderly populations. The Healthy People 2030's core objectives includes improving the health and quality of life for people with [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[dementia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Healthy People 2030 Report from CDC Includes Objectives on Dementia, Alzheimer's {{!}} Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative|url=https://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/healthy-people-2030-report-from-cdc-includes-objectives-on-dementia-alzheimers/|access-date=2021-07-20|website=mahealthyagingcollaborative.org}}</ref> * Increasing the proportion of older adults with dementia, or their caregivers, who know they have it * Reducing the proportion of preventable hospitalizations in older adults with dementia * Increasing proportion of adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) who have consulted a health care professional regarding their memory loss or confusion.
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://healthypeople.gov Healthy People.gov] Official web site * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030402170816/http://phpartners.org/hp/ Healthy People 2010 Information Access Project]
[[Category:Health campaigns]] [[Category:United States Department of Health and Human Services]]