Hawker 800

{{short description|Business jet}} {{Infobox aircraft |name = Hawker 800 |image = File:Raytheon Hawker 850XPi AN1976827.jpg |caption = Hawker 800 on approach |type = Mid-size business jet |national_origin = United Kingdom |manufacturer = British Aerospace (BAe) (1983–1994) <br />Raytheon (1994–2007) <br />Hawker Beechcraft (2007–2013) |designer =  |first_flight = 26 June 1983 |introduction = |retired = |status = In service |primary_user = Japan Air Self-Defense Force |more_users = Brazilian Air Force <br /> Royal Saudi Air Force |produced = 1983–2013 |number_built= 650 |developed_from = British Aerospace 125 |variants = }}

The '''Hawker 800''' is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft. It is a development of the British Aerospace 125, and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft.

==Development== In April 1981, the British Aerospace (BAe) board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series. By May 1983, the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight.

The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700, the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen. Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing, as well as a glass cockpit and uprated (from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines. British Aerospace incorporated wingtip devices to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency.

From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1962, it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold. In about five years, British Aerospace was registering the 200th sale of the 800 series.

In 1994, Raytheon (which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980) acquired BAe Corporate Jets. The new entity was known as Raytheon Aircraft. In March 2007, Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp., a company formed and controlled by Goldman Sachs Alternatives and Onex Partners of Canada.

The final version was the '''Hawker 850XP''', which was certified for operation in March 2006. The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets, which have extended its operating range by {{convert|100|nmi|km}}. This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior. The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased. In 2006, its unit cost was $13,786,100.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://awin.aviationweek.com/portals/awin/PDFs/BCAHandbook/2006/2006_business_airplanes.pdf |title= Purchase Planning Handbook |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |publisher= Aviation Week |date= May 2006}}</ref>

In October 2006, two new variants were announced:<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 BIZAV REVIEW|url=http://www.avbuyer.com/articles/Article.asp?Id=628|website=avbuyer.com|access-date=2008-07-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227015029/http://www.avbuyer.com/articles/Article.asp?Id=628|archive-date=2009-02-27}}</ref> * The '''Hawker 750''', in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier, which reduces range slightly. * The '''{{visible anchor|Hawker 900XP}}''', using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range. In 2012, its unit cost was US$ 16.07 million.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://awin.aviationweek.com/portals/awin/pdfs/BCAOpPlanningGuide/2012_Production.pdf |title= Operations Planning Guide |publisher= Aviation Week |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |date= August 2012}}</ref>

After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft, the surviving company, Beechcraft, discontinued its business jet range, including the 800 series.

By 2018, a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000, a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million.<ref name=AINdec2018>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |title= For many models, market hitting the apex |magazine= Aviation International News |author= Mark Huber |date= December 2018 |pages= 20–21, 24 |access-date= 2018-12-27 |archive-date= 2018-12-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181227181555/https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Design== thumb|left|Hawker 800XP The Hawker 800 was similar to most modern airframes in allowing sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture. The fuselage sections, wings and control surfaces were manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcraft's own facility and those owned by Airbus UK, which inherited much of BAE Systems's civil aircraft manufacturing capacity. These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcraft's main manufacturing site in Wichita, Kansas for final assembly, fitting out and testing.

===Military variants=== {{Update|date=August 2025}} Japan uses (as of 2008) a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800. It is designated U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service. This variant has large observation windows, a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system, a life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system, and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention. The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar, Melco thermal imaging equipment, and other military communications equipment for its mission.<ref>{{cite web|title=U-125 Peace Krypton |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/u-125.htm |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref>

A military version of the Hawker 800XP is (as of 2008) in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance, surveillance and SIGINT (SIGnals INTelligence) tasks, and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000. The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s, and they are based at Seoul Air Base.<ref>{{cite web|title=South Korea Spends $200M on RC-800 Fleet Maintenance & Ground Stations|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/south-korea-spends-200m-on-rc800-fleet-maintenance-ground-stations-02603/|website=defenseindustrydaily.com|access-date=2008-07-31}}</ref>

==Variants== {{Expand list|date=October 2018}} * '''Hawker 750'''  With 48 built, this lower-cost, lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60. In November 2017, used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models. Its larger {{cvt|604|cuft}} cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat, and is pressurized by {{cvt|8.5|psi|bar}} to provide a {{cvt|7,500|ft}} cabin altitude at FL 410. Its {{cvt|1,500|lb}} ventral fuel tank is replaced with a {{cvt|47|cuft}} external baggage compartment, leaving {{cvt|8,500|lb}} of fuel in the wet wings. The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000.<ref name=BCA21nov2017/>  It takes off in {{cvt|4,696|ft}} at MTOW/Sea level. With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep, its maximum speed is Mach 0.80, it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at {{cvt|1,214|lb}} per hour midweight. First hour fuel burn is {{cvt|1,900|lb}}, second hour is {{cvt|1,350|and|1,200|lb}} for subsequent hours.<ref name=BCA21nov2017/>  B-checks are every 800 h, C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks. The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years. Its {{cvt|4,750|lbf|kN}} Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h {{abbr|MPI|Major Periodic Inspection}} and 4,200 h {{abbr|CZI|Compressor Zone Inspection}} inspection intervals, extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins, and MSP per engine.<ref name=BCA21nov2017>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/hawker-750-operators-say-dispatch-reliability-rock-solid |title= Hawker 750: Operators Say Dispatch Reliability Is Rock Solid |date= Nov 21, 2017 |author= Fred George |work= Business & Commercial Aviation}}</ref> [[File:Raytheon Hawker 800XP, Sun-Air of Scandinavia JP7765191.jpg|thumb|right|A Hawker 800 operated by Sun-Air of Scandinavia (2014)]] * '''Hawker 800''' * '''Hawker 800XP'''

Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi, 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005.  * '''Hawker 800XP Pro Line''' * '''Hawker 800XPi''' * '''Hawker 850XP''' * '''Hawker 900XP''' * '''U-125''' * '''RC-800''' * '''C-29'''

==Operators==

===Civil operators=== [[File:VT-UPM, Hawker 900XP of Uttar Pradesh Government at Saifai Airstrip (2016).jpg|thumb|Uttar Pradesh Government is one of the government operators of Hawker 900XP<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Ashish |date=2021-04-21 |title=How Uttar Pradesh is using its air fleet to fight the pandemic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-uttar-pradesh-is-using-its-air-fleet-to-fight-the-pandemic-1793601-2021-04-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808180429/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-uttar-pradesh-is-using-its-air-fleet-to-fight-the-pandemic-1793601-2021-04-21 |archive-date=2025-08-08 |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>]] The aircraft is operated by private individuals, companies and executive charter operators, and in fractional ownership programs.

===Military operators=== ;{{JPN}} [[File:JASDF U-125A (cropped).jpg|thumb|Japan Air Self-Defense Force U-125A in flight]] * Japan Air Self-Defense Force<ref name="World Air Forces 2020">{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-2020/135665.article|title = World Air Forces 2020|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2020 |access-date= 10 July 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref> ;{{MOZ}} * Mozambique Air Force<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Isby|first1=David C.|last2=Willis|first2=David|title=Mozambique Rebuilding its Air Force|magazine=Air International|date=December 2013|volume=85|issue=6|page=26|issn=0306-5634}}</ref> ;{{flag|Nigeria}} * Nigerian Air Force ;{{PAK}} * Pakistan Navy<ref name="World Air Forces 2020"/> ;{{PHI}} * Philippine Air Force<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/armedforcesofthephilippines/posts/pfbid02ruAXbxaPb2Me9tgQZWc8nTWxx9Q4g9G7XT2erDK4XPM7nhKUg4Jb9Lvw8egrPBxMl Armed Forces of the Philippines]</ref> ;{{flaglist|South Korea}} * Republic of Korea Air Force<ref name="World Air Forces 2020"/>

==Accidents and incidents== * 31 July 2008: A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operating as East Coast Jets Flight 81, crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight passengers and crew on board.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/bethlehem/index.ssf/2008/08/ntsb_preliminary_report_issued.html |last=Deegan |first=Jim |title=NTSB preliminary report issued in crash that killed Bethlehem-area pilots |work=The Express-Times |date=August 7, 2008 |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.twincities.com/2008/07/30/8-dead-after-owatonna-plane-crash-missing-accounted-for/ |title=8 dead after Owatonna plane crash; missing accounted for |last1=Ferraro |first1=Nick |last2=Vezner |first2=Tad |work=Pioneer Press |date=July 30, 2008 |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> The aircraft was manufactured in 1991, and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003. The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining. Contributing to the accident were (1) the pilots’ poor crew coordination and lack of cockpit discipline; (2) fatigue, which likely impaired both pilots’ performance; and (3) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1101.pdf |title=Crash During Attempted Go-Around After Landing, East Coast Jets Flight 81, Hawker Beechcraft Corporation 125-800A, N818MV, Owatonna, Minnesota, July 31, 2008 |page=87 |date=March 15, 2011 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |id=NTSB/AAR-11/01 |access-date=November 1, 2019}}</ref> * 10 November 2015: A Hawker 800 operating as ExecuFlight Flight 1526 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron, Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nine killed aboard charter plane that crashed Tuesday into Ellet apartment building in Akron |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/nine-killed-aboard-charter-plane-that-crashed-tuesday-into-ellet-apartment-building-in-akron-1.639413 |publisher=Akron Beacon Journal (Ohio.com) |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion, and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred. All nine occupants of the aircraft, including both pilots, were killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=No survivors after plane crashes into apartment building on Mogadore Road in Akron |url=http://www.newsnet5.com/news/local-news/akron-canton-news/plane-crashed-into-apartment-building-on-mogadore-road-in-akron |publisher=WEWS Cleveland (NewsNet5.com) |access-date=November 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110211621/http://www.newsnet5.com/news/local-news/akron-canton-news/plane-crashed-into-apartment-building-on-mogadore-road-in-akron |archive-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error, operational issues within the charter company, and deficiencies in the FAA's oversight (operations inspections) of the charter operator.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/brief.aspx?ev_id=20151110X65615 |id=NTSB/CEN16MA036 |title=Nonscheduled 14 CFR Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter Accident occurred Tuesday, November 10, 2015 in Akron, OH |website=www.ntsb.gov|access-date=2016-10-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2016/10/18/NTSB-Akron-plane-crash-caused-by-litany-of-failures/8131476815162/ |title=NTSB: Akron plane crash caused by 'litany of failures' |author=Allen Cone |website=UPI |date=October 18, 2016 |access-date=November 21, 2016}}</ref> * 20 December 2020: A Hawker 800XP crashed near Farmingdale, New York. At 8:35 p.m. EST the aircraft faced substantial damage; the captain sustained minor injuries, and the first officer was seriously injured. The plane was a Part 91 business flight operated by Talon Air, LLC as a Title 14 CFR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NTSB: Hawker 800XP Accident Caused by Delayed Go-around Attempt {{!}} AIN |author=Gordon Gilbert |work=Aviation International News |date=8 November 2022 |access-date=19 March 2025 |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2022-11-08/hawker-accident-caused-delayed-go-around-attempt}}</ref> * 21 February 2022: A Hawker 800XP skidded off Runway 33 at Aspen-Pitkin County Airport (ASE) due to aborted takeoff due to lack of control pressure. Four passengers and two pilots were not injured.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aspen airport reopens late Monday night after private jet goes off runway |url=https://www.aspentimes.com/news/aspen-airport-closed-after-jet-goes-off-runway/ |website=Aspen Times |date=21 February 2022 |access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref> * 7 February 2024: A Hawker 900XP crashed in Grand County, Utah near the Utah-Colorado border after takeoff from Grand Junction Regional Airport. The two pilots were killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kkco11news.com/2024/02/07/possible-plane-crash-reported-near-loma/ |title=Plane crashes on Utah-Colorado border with two on board, no survivors found |last=Sinton |first=Kacie |date=2 Feb 2024 |website= KKCO |publisher= |access-date= 8 Feb 2024 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ksltv.com/620797/emergency-crews-respond-to-downed-aircraft-in-grand-county/ |title=Two killed in Grand County plane crash near Colorado state line |last=Pace |first=Eliza |date=7 Feb 2024 |website=KSL-TV |publisher= |access-date= 8 Feb 2024 |quote=}}</ref> The aircraft was owned by Vici Aviation LLC and operated by Clay Lacy Aviation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clay Lacy Aviation Raytheon Hawker 900XP (N900VA) |url=https://www.netairspace.cc/photos/N900VA/Clay_Lacy_Aviation/Raytheon_Hawker_900XP/YLW_CYLW_Kelowna_International/photo_553090/ |website=Netairspace.cc |access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref> * October 16, 2025: A Hawker 800 crashed in the Rose Lake State Wildlife Research Area, outside of Lansing, Michigan, killing all three on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Ken |title=Experienced test pilots not on board when plane crashed in Bath Township, NTSB says |url=https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/2025/11/13/ntsb-plane-crash-lansing-bath-township/87256910007/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Lansing State Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The aircraft had received some maintenance work at Kellogg Field in Battle Creek, Michigan, and was reportedly undergoing testing when it crashed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jet that went down in Bath Township took off from Battle Creek, airport confirms |url=https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/michigan/jet-that-went-down-in-bath-township-took-off-from-battle-creek-airport-confirms |website=www.fox17online.com |access-date=18 October 2025}}</ref>

==Specifications (Hawker 800)==

{{Aircraft specs |ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-96<ref name=JAWA95-96>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-96 |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Paul |year=1995 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom |isbn=978-0710612625 |edition=86th |pages=464–465}}</ref> |prime units?=kts  |crew=2 + jump seat |capacity=8 / {{cvt|2000|lb|0}} maximum payload |length ft=51 |length in=2 |length note= |span ft=51 |span in=4.5 |span note= |height ft=17 |height in=7 |height note= |wing area sqft=374 |wing area note= |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight lb=15600 |empty weight note=basic * '''Operating weight empty:''' {{cvt|16000|lb|0}} * '''Maximum ramp weight:''' {{cvt|27520|lb|0}} * '''Maximum zero-fuel weight:''' {{cvt|18000|lb|0}} |gross weight lb= |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=27400 |max takeoff weight note= * '''Maximum landing weight:''' {{cvt|23350|lb|0}} |fuel capacity={{cvt|1248|impgal|USgal l|0}} total; {{cvt|1060|impgal|USgal l|0}} in wing integral tanks + {{cvt|188|impgal|USgal l|0}} in rear under-fuselage tank |more general=  |eng1 number=2 |eng1 name=Honeywell TFE731-5BR |eng1 type=turbofan engines |eng1 lbf=4300 |eng1 note=  |max speed kts=456 |max speed note=max level speed and max cruising speed at {{cvt|29000|ft|0}} / M0.87 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kts=400 |cruise speed note=economical cruise at {{cvt|39000|-|43000|ft|0}} |stall speed kts=92 |stall speed note=in landing configuration at typical landing weight |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi=2580 |range note=with max payload ::::{{cvt|2825|nmi|mi km|0}} with max fuel and NBAA VFR reserves |combat range nmi= |combat range note= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance= |ceiling ft=43000 |ceiling note= |g limits= |roll rate= |climb rate ftmin=3100 |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |lift to drag= |wing loading lb/sqft=73.26 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |thrust/weight=0.313

|more performance= * '''Take-off balanced field length:''' {{cvt|5620|ft|0}} at MTOW * '''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt|4500|ft|0}} at typical landing weight and 6 pax |avionics= * Standard Honeywell SPZ-800 * Dual RCZ-850 integrated comms * Motorola N1335BSelcal * Primus 870 weather radar }}

==See also== {{Portal|UK|Aviation}} {{Aircontent |related= * BAe 125/Hawker 1000 |similar aircraft= * Cessna Citation Sovereign * Dassault Falcon 20 * Gulfstream G100 * Learjet 60 |lists= * List of civil aircraft |see also= }}

==References== ;Notes {{Reflist}} ;Bibliography * Gunston, Bill. ''Hawker: The story of the 125.'' (Airworthy Publications International Limited, 1996, {{ISBN|0-9528845-0-X}})

==External links== {{commons category|Hawker 800}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080731030521/http://www.hawkerbeechcraft.com/hawker/ Hawker Official product page] * [https://archive.today/20130210060600/http://www.zinio.com/pages/AviationWeekShowNews/Farnborough2012-Day3/416229521/pg-52 Farnborough 2012 Day 3 News Aviation Week] pp52–53 tells the history of the 125/800 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090227062342/http://www.jets.com/business_jets_ResearchJetsListing.aspx?AircraftName=Hawker%20800XP Hawker 800XP Jet specifications and performance data]

Hawker 0800 Category:Raytheon Company products Category:1990s United States business aircraft Category:Twinjets Category:Low-wing aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1983 Category:Cruciform tail aircraft Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear 125-800 Category:Raytheon aircraft