{{short description|American 18th century English literature scholar}} '''Harold William''' "'''Tommy'''" '''Thompson''' (1891–1964) was an American folklorist and historian. He was also a competent musician, specialising in playing the organ.
==Early life and education==
Thompson was born in Buffalo, New York in 1891. After graduating from Westfield College in 1908, he graduated with a B.Phil. from Hamilton College in 1912.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Jagendorf |first=Moritz |date=1964 |title=Obituary: Harold W. Thompson, 1891-1964 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/537382 |journal=The Journal of American Folklore |volume=77 |issue=306 |pages=346–347 |jstor=537382 |issn=0021-8715}}</ref> Thompson then studied at Harvard University, gaining a M.A (1913) a Ph.D. (1915).<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/22/archives/harold-thompson-of-cornell-dead-writer-on-us-folklore-72-was-on.html | title=HAROLD THOMPSON OF CORNELL DEAD; Writer on U.S. Folklore, 72, Was on Faculty 1940–59| newspaper=The New York Times| date=1964-02-22}}</ref> At Harvard, he studied under George Kitteridge, "one of the key figures in the development of folklore as an academic discipline in the United States".<ref name=":2" />
In 1923, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship - one of the first fifteen educators to do so - allowing him further postgraduate study at Edinburgh University.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf |title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 |date=July 2006 |publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh |isbn=0-902-198-84-X |access-date=2018-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Career == Thompson was trained as a literary scholar and his early research was focused on Henry Mackenzie, a Scottish lawyer and writer. Over time, his interest and then research grew into folklore and history.<ref name=":2" />
In 1915 Thompson started lecturing in English at University of New York State Teachers College.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lorenz |first=Frank K. |title=Encyclopedia of New York State |publisher=Syracuse UP |year=2005 |editor-last=Eisenstadt |editor-first=Peter R. |pages=1554 |chapter=Thompson, Harold W(illiam). |editor-last2=Moss |editor-first2=Laura-Eve}}</ref> In 1940 he joined Cornell University as a Lecturer in English and became Professor of English in 1951.
From 1936 to 1939 he corresponded with Ezra Pound.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |jstor = 24726842|title = "dear Poet-General and Walloper": The Correspondence of Ezra Pound and Harold W. Thompson 1936–1939|journal = Paideuma|volume = 30|issue = 3|pages = 109–144|last1 = McWhirter|first1 = Cameron|year = 2001}}</ref> Both Thompson and Pound were graduates of Hamilton College.
== Folklore == As a teacher, Thompson was one of the first American Folklorists to send students out to collect lore in their local environs.<ref name=":0" /> Folklore collected in New York State by over eighty students formed the basis of the book ''Body, Books and Britches'' (1939), published in Thompson's name but with his students prominently cited.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=William S. |date=2015 |title=Collecting Folk Histories: Harold W. Thompson and Student Field Research in the 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/tph.2015.37.3.45 |journal=The Public Historian |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=45–75 |doi=10.1525/tph.2015.37.3.45 |jstor=10.1525/tph.2015.37.3.45 |issn=0272-3433|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It has been noted that most of the students who contributed to ''Body, Books and Britches'', were young women training to be teachers.<ref name=":2" /> Thompson's students at New York State included Pete Seeger<ref name=":3" /> and K. Leroy Irvis.<ref name=":2" />
The archive material of Thompson's collaborations with over 1,6000 of his students,<ref name=":2" /> was donated to the New York State Historical Society and the New York Folklore Society.<ref name=":0" />
During the 1930s, Thompson had a weekly radio broadcast on WGY in Schenectady, New York. He usually talked about the traditions of rural, white, Protestant people, but occasionally gave broadcasts on "Irish, Jewish, Italian and African American traditions".<ref name=":2" />
Thompson's folklore classes at Cornell involved "singing, dancing, listening and reciting" and introducing students to a wide range of tales and music. Over time, it featured live performances by Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly and Thompson's former student Pete Seeger. Thompson's undergraduate teaching assistants included Peter Yarrow<ref name=":2" /> and Ellen Stekert.<ref>{{Cite web |last=von Bernewitz |first=Robert |title=Ellen Stekert - Folklorist, Folk Singer and Educator |url=https://musicguy247.typepad.com/my-blog/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Musicguy247}}</ref>
In 1944,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22879.htm | title=New York Folklore Society Records, 1950-1998: New York State Library}}</ref> with Louis C. Jones<ref>{{Cite web |last=McHale |first=Ellen |date=2019-06-20 |title=Remembering the Founders of New York Folklore |url=https://nyfolklore.org/remembering-the-founders-of-new-york-folklore/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=New York Folklore |language=en-US}}</ref> Thompson founded the New York Folklore Society.<ref>{{Cite book |title=New York state folklife reader : diverse voices |date=2013 |others=Elizabeth Tucker |isbn=978-1-62103-967-9 |location=Jackson |oclc=841559051}}</ref> Thompson served as the Society's President for many years and also edited ''The New York Folk Quarterly''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New York Folklore Society Records, 1950-1998: Manuscripts and Special Collections: NYS Library |url=https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22879.htm |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=www.nysl.nysed.gov}}</ref>
Thompson aimed to popularise folklore and make it accessible to a nonacademic audience. However, he did receive criticism from some folklorists for his popularist tendencies.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McHale |first=Ellen |title=American folklore : an encyclopedia |date=1996 |isbn=0-8153-0751-9 |editor-last=Brunvand |editor-first=Jan Harold |location=New York |pages=1467 |chapter=Thompson, Harold W. (1891–1963) |oclc=34046325}}</ref>
== Later years == Thompson retired in 1959, living his final years in Homer, New York. He worked in his later years on a book on African American folklore, which was never finished in his lifetime.<ref name=":0" />
He died at Cortland Memorial Hospital in New York State on 21 February 1964.
==Family==
His wife was Professor of English at New York State University.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/02/22/archives/harold-thompson-of-cornell-dead-writer-on-us-folklore-72-was-on.html|title = HAROLD THOMPSON OF CORNELL DEAD; Writer on U.S. Folklore, 72, Was on Faculty 1940–59|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 22 February 1964}}</ref>
== Honours == In 1932 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were William Metzler, John Alexander Inglis, Robert Hannay and Charles Galton Darwin. Elected as an Ordinary Fellow rather than Foreign or Honorary Fellow, this indicates his physical presence in Edinburgh at that time.<ref name=":1" />
Thompson served as a President of the American Folklore Society in 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past AFS Presidents |url=https://americanfolkloresociety.org/about/board/past-afs-presidents/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=The American Folklore Society |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Selected publications==
*Lincoln, Abraham, Hastings, Harry W; Thompson, Harold W (1921). ''Selections from the works of Abraham Lincoln''. New York: Ambrose & Co. OCLC 934140753. *Mackenzie, Henry; Thompson, Harold William (1927). ''Anecdotes and egotisms, now first published. Edited with an introd. by Harold William Thompson''. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 223371985. *Thompson, Harold William (1984). ''A Scottish man of feeling; some account of Henry Mackenzie, of Edinburgh, and of the golden age of Burns and Scott,''. London; New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 248855993. *Thompson, Harold William (1939). ''Body, boots & britches: folktales, ballads and speech from Country New York''. N.Y., N.Y.: Dover Publications. OCLC 220737709. *Thompson, Harold William (1958)''. A pioneer songster; texts from the Stevens-Douglass manuscript of western New York, 1841-1856.'', Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1958, OCLC 918778, retrieved 2022-03-05 *Thompson, Harold William (1962). ''New York State folktales, legends and ballads.'' New York: Dover Publications. OCLC 33089992.
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Harold William}} Category:1891 births Category:1964 deaths Category:People from Buffalo, New York Category:American folklorists Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Category:Hamilton College (New York) alumni Category:Cornell University faculty Category:University at Albany faculty Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Presidents of the American Folklore Society Category:20th-century American people