{{short description|German fighter ace and Knight's Cross recipient (1922–2001)}} {{Infobox military person |name=Hans Weik |image=HansWeik.jpg |birth_date={{birth date|1922|7|6|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|2001|6|5|1922|7|6|df=y}} |birth_place=Heilbronn, Weimar Republic |death_place=Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch={{air force|Nazi Germany}} |service_years=1941–1945 |rank=''Hauptmann'' (captain) |unit=JG 3, EJGr Ost, EJG 2 |battles=World War II *Eastern Front *Defense of the Reich |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |other_work=Architect }}
'''Hans Weik''' (6 July 1922 – 5 June 2001) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. He is credited with 36 victories achieved in only 85 combat missions, including 25 victories over the Western Front. Following World War II, Weik became an architect and died on 5 June 2001 in Heidenheim an der Brenz.
==Early life and career== Weik was born on 6 July 1922 in Heilbronn in the Free People's State of Württemberg of the Weimar Republic.{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=221}} He joined the Luftwaffe in October 1941 and following his flight and fighter pilot training,{{refn|Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.{{sfn|Bergström|Antipov|Sundin|2003|p=17}}|group="Note"}}, Weik was posted to the ''Geschwaderstab'' (headquarters unit) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing) on 21 February 1943 holding the rank of ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant).{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=141}} At the time, the ''Geschwaderstab'' was based at Tatsinskaya Airfield and had been fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|2002|p=12}}
==World War II== World War II in Europe had begun on Friday, 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In June 1941, German forces had invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Following the German defeat at Stalingrad in early 1943. The ''Geschwaderstab'' under command of ''Major'' Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke, fought in operations against the Kuban bridgehead as part of the IV. ''Fliegerkorps'' (4th Air Corps). In March 1943, the ''Geschwaderstab'' was based at Anapa located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Here, Weik claimed his first aerial victory on 9 March, a Soviet Yakovlev Yak-1. In total, pilots of the ''Geschwaderstab'' claimed 38 aerial victories in March and April 1943, including eleven by Weik. In early May 1943, the ''Geschwaderstab'' was ordered out of actions and returned to München-Gladbach, present-day Mönchengladbach.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|2002|pp=13, 396}} For his achievements on the Eastern Front, Weik was awarded the both classes of the Iron Cross ({{Lang|de|Eisernes Kreuz}}).{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=141}}
Weik was then posted to 4. ''Staffel'' (4th squadron) of ''Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost'', a supplementary fighter pilot training unit based at La Rochelle. Flying with this unit, Weik claimed his first four-engined heavy bomber on 16 September, a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. In November 1943, Weik was transferred to 9. ''Staffel'' of JG 3, a squadron of III. ''Gruppe'' (3rd group).{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1386–1387}}{{sfn|Page|2020|p=61}} In November 1943, 9. ''Staffel'' was commanded by ''Leutnant'' Ekkehard Tichy and based at Bad Wörishofen and fighting in defense of the Reich.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|1996|pp=443, 509}} On 19 December, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Fifteenth Air Force attacked railroad infrastructure at Innsbruck and the Messerschmitt factories at Augsburg. III. ''Gruppe'' of JG 3 was vectored to intercept the formation heading for Innsbruck. There, the ''Gruppe'' without loss of their own claimed eight B-17 bombers shot down, including one by Weik.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|1996|pp=279, 501}}
===Squadron leader and end of war=== On 10 February 1944, Weik was appointed ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 10. ''Staffel'' of JG 3. He succeeded ''Oberleutnant'' Alfred Humer who had been killed in action.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|pp=373, 384}} The ''Staffel'' was subordinated to IV. ''Gruppe'' of JG 3, at the time based at Venlo Airfield and placed under command of ''Major'' Friedrich-Karl Müller. On 19 February, Weik logged his first practice flight with IV. ''Gruppe''.{{sfn|Prien|1996|pp=59, 330, 367}} On 6 March, the USAAF Eighth Air Force sent a force of 730 heavy bombers escorted by 800 fighters on mission to Berlin. At 11:37, IV. ''Gruppe'' took off from their airfield at Salzwedel and intercepted the bombers near Braunschweig. In a frontal attack, Weik claimed one of the B-17 bombers shot down. Shortly after, the ''Gruppe'' regrouped and flew a second frontal attack and Weik claimed his second B-17 bomber shot down that day.{{sfn|Prien|1996|pp=82–83, 354}}{{sfn|Weal|2006|p=67}}
thumb|left|upright=1.4|Combat box of a 12-plane B-17 squadron. Three such boxes completed a 36-plane group box. {{ordered list |1=Lead Element |2=High Element |3=Low Element |4=Low Low Element}} On 15 April 1944, ''Generalmajor'' Adolf Galland, at the time the ''General der Jagdflieger'' (General of Fighters), visited IV. ''Gruppe'' of JG 3 at the airfield in Salzwedel. Galland announced that the IV. ''Gruppe'' would be converted to a ''Sturmgruppe'' (assault group), the first of such units, as a means to combat the bomber formations of the USAAF. Similar to the experimental ''Sturmstaffel'' 1 (1st Assault Squadron) of JG 3, the ''Gruppe'' was equipped with the heavily armored variant of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A series. Every pilot of the ''Gruppe'' was asked to sign a contract, declaring that they would commit themselves to pressing attacks on the bombers to point-blank range, and that aerial ramming should be considered. Three days later, ''Hauptmann'' Wilhelm Moritz was officially appointed ''Gruppenkommandeur'' (group commander) of the IV. ''Sturmgruppe'' of JG 3. He replaced ''Hauptmann'' Heinz Lang, who had temporarily led the ''Gruppe'' after its former commander, ''Major'' Friedrich-Karl Müller had been appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore'' (wing commander) on 11 April.{{sfn|Prien|1996|pp=100–102}}{{sfn|Forsyth|2011|p=71}}{{sfn|Weal|2008|p=36}} On 8 May, Weik claimed two Consolidated B-24 Liberator and a single B-17 bomber shot down. One of the B-24 bombers claimed was in fact an ''Herausschuss'' (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.{{sfn|Weal|2008|pp=40–41}} For this, Weik was awarded the German Cross in Gold ({{Lang|de|Deutsches Kreuz in Gold}}) two days later.{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=142}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-674-7765-17, Bei Alikendorf, abgeschossene B 24.jpg|thumb|right|Downed B-24 of the 492nd Bomb Group after an aerial battle over Oschersleben on 7 July 1944]] On 7 July, a force of 1,129 B-17 and B-24 bombers of the USAAF Eighth Air Force had set out from England to bomb aircraft factories in the Leipzig area and the synthetic oil plants at Boehlen, Leuna-Merseburg and Lützkendorf. This formation was intercepted by a German ''Gefechtsverband'' (combat formation) consisting of IV. ''Sturmgruppe'' of JG 3, led by Moritz, escorted by two ''Gruppen'' of Bf 109s from ''Jagdgeschwader'' 300 (JG 300—300th Fighter Wing) led by ''Major'' Walther Dahl. Dahl and Moritz drove the attack to point-blank range behind the Liberators of the 492d Bombardment Group before opening fire. 492d Bombardment Group was temporarily without fighter cover. Within about a minute the entire squadron of twelve B-24s had been annihilated. The Germans claimed 28 USAAF 2nd Air Division B-24 bombers that day and were credited with at least 21. The majority to the ''Sturmgruppe'' attack.{{sfn|Weal|1996|p=78}} This figure includes one B-24 bomber claimed shot down by Weik.{{sfn|Prien|1996|p=358}} In total, Luftwaffe pilots claimed the destruction of 60 bombers while actual losses were 28 bombers destroyed and further bombers returned with various levels of combat damage.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=367}} The authors Prien, Stemmer and Bock state that the consolidated attack flown in close formation by the ''Sturmgruppe'' resulted in overclaiming of aerial victories caused by the confusing combat situation. During these attacks, multiple pilots may have simultaneously fired at the same bomber. It was therefore unclear who was responsible for the destruction of the bomber.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=368}}
On 18 July, the USAAF Fifteenth Air Force sent approximately 500 B-17 and B-24 bombers to targets in southern Germany, northern Italy. Memmingen Airfield was targeted by over 200 bombers, escorted by North American P-51 Mustang and Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters. At 09:38, IV. ''Sturmgruppe'' of JG 3 was scrambled at Memmingen Airfield. A formation of B-17 bombers was intercepted over Lake Starnberg. In this encounter, Weik claimed one of the B-17 bombers shot down, but was also hit by the defensive fire and wounded.{{sfn|Prien|1996|pp=184–185, 187}}{{sfn|Weal|2008|pp=61–62}} His Fw 190 A-8/R2 (''Werknummer'' 680747—factory number) crashed near Kempten. Consequently command of 10. ''Staffel'' was briefly passed to ''Leutnant'' Walther Hagenah before ''Oberleutnant'' Tichy took command of the ''Staffel'' on 3 August.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|pp=373, 388}} During his convalescence, Weik was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ({{lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes}}) on 27 July for 36 aerial victories claimed and promoted to ''Hauptmann'' (captain) on 1 September.{{sfn|Weal|2013|p=86}}{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=142}}
Following his convalescence in April 1945, Weik served with III. ''Gruppe'' of ''Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader'' 2, also known as ''Erprobungskommando Lechfeld'', a replacement training unit which flew the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter Lechfeld.{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=142}}
==Later life== After the war, Weik became an architect. He planned and built many schools, sports auditoriums and other buildings. In retirement, he indulged his passion for model shipbuilding. Weik died on 5 June 2001 at the age of {{age|1922|7|6|2001|6|5}} in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany.{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=142}}
==Summary of career== ===Aerial victory claims=== According to Obermaier, Weik was credited with 36 aerial victories claimed in 85 combat missions, including 25 victories over the Western Front.{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=221}} Forsyth states that he was credited with 22 heavy bombers shot down, making him one of the leading fighter pilots against the heavy bombers.{{sfn|Forsyth|2011|p=90}} Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 34 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims. Of this figure, he claimed eleven aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 23 over the Western Allies, including 22 four-engined bombers.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1386–1387}}
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = ''Planquadrat''), for example "PQ 34 Ost 98344". The Luftwaffe grid map ({{lang|de|Jägermeldenetz}}) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about {{Convert|360|sqmi|sqkm}}. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area {{Convert|3|x|4|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} in size.{{sfn|''Planquadrat''}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:right; width: 100%;" |- ! colspan="10" | Chronicle of aerial victories |- | colspan="10" style="text-align: left;" | {{legend|#C0EFBA|This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an ''Herausschuss'' (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#faecc8|This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |- !scope="col"| Claim !scope="col"| Date !scope="col"| Time !scope="col" width="100px"| Type !scope="col"| Location !scope="col" style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | Claim !scope="col"| Date !scope="col"| Time !scope="col" width="100px"| Type !scope="col"| Location |- ! colspan="10" | – ''Stab'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet" –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1386–1387}}<br /><small>Eastern Front — 4 February – 10 May 1943</small> |- | 1 | 9 March 1943 | 11:36 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 98344, {{Convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Marijewka{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=37}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 7 | 15 April 1943 | 16:30 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 85142, {{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Abinskaya{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} |- | 2 | 23 March 1943 | 11:27 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 8089, Spewakowka{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 8 | 16 April 1943 | 15:10 | P-39 | {{Convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Krymskaya{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} |- | 3 | 27 March 1943 | 11:30 | I-16 | PQ 34 Ost 9881, southwest of Rostov{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 9 | 17 April 1943 | 15:05 | P-39 | {{Convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Kholmskaya{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}}<br />{{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-southwest of Taganrog |- | 4 | 31 March 1943 | 16:15 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 9057, Golodajew{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 10 | 21 April 1943 | 11:05 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 75457, south of Novorossiysk{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} |- | 5 | 11 April 1943 | 05:35 | I-16 | PQ 34 Ost 8531, {{Convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Krymskaja{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 11 | 21 April 1943 | 11:08 | Il-2 | PQ 34 Ost 75461, {{Convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Kabardinka{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} |- | 6 | 11 April 1943 | 12:03 | LaGG-3 | PQ 34 Ost 8594, {{Convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Krymskaja{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=38}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | |- ! colspan="10" | – 4. ''Staffel'' of ''Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost'' –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}<br /><small>Western Front — September 1943</small> |- | 12 | 16 September 1943 | 18:59 | B-17 | {{Convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of La Rochelle{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | |- ! colspan="10" | – 9. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet" –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}<br /><small>Defense of the Reich – 8 August – 31 December 1943</small> |- | 13 | 19 December 1943 | 12:26 | B-17 | {{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Innsbruck{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2008|p=329}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | |- ! colspan="10" | – 10. ''Sturmstaffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet" –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}<br /><small>Defense of the Reich – 1 January – 7 June 1944</small> |- | style="background:#faecc8" | 13?{{refn|According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}|group="Note"|name="unconfirmed"}} | 20 February 1944 | 15:20 | P-47 | PQ 05 Ost S/OM, Liège{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />Koblenz-Aachen | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 25 | 24 April 1944 | 13:45 | B-17 | PQ 04 Ost S/CF, south of Landshut{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=378}} |- | 15 | 21 February 1944 | 14:38 | style="background:#C0EFBA" | B-17* | PQ 05 Ost S/JU, Hannover{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />vicinity of Holzminden | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 26 | 24 April 1944 | 13:46 | style="background:#C0EFBA" | B-17* | PQ 04 Ost S/CF, south of Landshut{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=378}} |- | 16 | 25 February 1944 | 13:20 | style="background:#C0EFBA" | B-17* | southeast of Crailsheim{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 27 | 29 April 1944 | 11:05 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/HB-1, Helmstedt{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=378}} |- | 17 | 4 March 1944 | 13:10 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/EF-4, Neuruppin{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 28 | 29 April 1944 | 11:20 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/HD-3, Burg{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=378}} |- | 18 | 6 March 1944 | 12:47 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/GD-5{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />south of Tangerhütte | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 29 | 8 May 1944 | 10:09 | B-24 | PQ 15 Ost S/FA-1{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}}<br />south of Sülze-Südheide |- | 19 | 6 March 1944 | 12:52 | B-17 | PQ 15 Ost S/GE-5, west of Brandenburg{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />north of Braunschweig | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 30 | 8 May 1944 | 10:14 | style="background:#C0EFBA" | B-24* | PQ 15 Ost S/FA-9, northwest of Braunschweig{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}} |- | 20 | 8 March 1944 | 13:30 | style="background:#C0EFBA" | B-17* | PQ 15 Ost S/HD-2{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />Celle-Rathenow | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 31 | 8 May 1944 | style="background:#faecc8" | 12:10?{{refn|According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:12.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}|group="Note"}} | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/FT-1, northwest of Nienburg{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}}<br />southwest of Hoya |- | style="background:#faecc8" | 21?<ref group="Note" name="unconfirmed"/> | 8 March 1944 | 13:56 | P-51 | PQ 15 Ost S/HE-8, southwest of Dessau{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />Celle-Rathenow | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 32 | 12 May 1944 | 12:30 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/PR, northeast of Frankfurt{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}} |- | 22 | 23 March 1944 | 11:20 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/KQ-9, Recklingen{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}}<br />southeast of Dissen | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 33 | 12 May 1944 | 12:37 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/PS, northeast of Frankfurt{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}}<br />Bad Nauheim-Fulda |- | 23 | 30 March 1944 | 16:30 | P-47 | {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Mönchengladbach{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=377}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 34 | 13 May 1944 | 14:24 | B-17 | PQ 05 Ost S/UG-7, south of Grimmen{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=379}} |- | 24 | 24 April 1944 | 13:36 | B-17 | PQ 04 Ost S/CE, northeast of Munich{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=378}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | | | | | |- ! colspan="10" | – 10. ''Sturmstaffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet" –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1387}}<br /><small>Defense of the Reich – 1–18 July 1944</small> |- | 35 | 7 July 1944 | 09:42 | B-24 | PQ 15 Ost S/HC, Oschersleben{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=380}} | style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 36 | 18 July 1944 | 10:50 | B-17 | {{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Memmingen{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Bock|2018|p=380}} |}
===Awards=== * Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class{{sfn|Dixon|2023|p=141}} * Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 15 May 1944 as ''Leutnant'' and pilot{{sfn|Patzwall|2008|p=214}} * German Cross in Gold on 10 May 1944 as ''Leutnant'' in the 10./''Jagdgeschwader'' 3{{sfn|Patzwall|Scherzer|2001|p=501}} * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 as ''Leutnant'' and ''Staffelführer'' of the 10./''Jagdgeschwader'' 3 "Udet"{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=439}}{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=773}}
==Notes== {{Reflist|group="Note"}}
==References==
===Citations=== {{Reflist|25em}}
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{{Knight's Cross recipients of JG 3}} {{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Weik, Hans}} Category:1922 births Category:2001 deaths Category:Luftwaffe pilots Category:German World War II flying aces Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross