Hans Linstow

{{Short description|Danish/Norwegian architect}} [[File:Hans Linstow.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Linstow by [[Carl Peter Lehmann]], 1842]] [[Image:Slottsplassen.jpg|thumb|250px|Norwegian Royal Palace (front)]] [[File:Forslag angaaende en Forbindelse mellem Kongeboligen og Christiania Bye - no-nb digibok 2011041410001-43.jpg|thumb|250px|Linstow's 1838 plan to connect the Royal Palace and Christiania, with a monumental square to be surrounded by the University, Parliament and other public buildings]] '''Hans Ditlev Franciscus (Frants) von Linstow''' (4 May 1787 – 10 June 1851) was a [[Denmark|Danish]]/[[Norway|Norwegian]] [[architect]] who designed the [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in Oslo and much of the surrounding park and the street ''[[Karl Johans Street|Karl Johans gate]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Eldal |first=Jens Christian |title=Hans Ditlev Frantz Linstow |date=2024-06-18 |work=Norsk biografisk leksikon |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Hans_Ditlev_Frantz_Linstow |access-date=2024-07-13 |language=no}} </ref>

==Background== Hans Ditlev Franciscus von Linstow was born in Hørsholm, [[Denmark]]. His parents were Hartvig Christoph von Linstow (1740–1823) and Charlotta Benedicta Eleonora von der Lühe (1753–1837). Linstow belonged to a noble family from [[Mecklenburg]] who were naturalized in Denmark. He grew up in Hirschholm Castle (''Hirschholm Slot'') in [[Hørsholm]]. He matriculated in 1805 and earned a law degree at [[Copenhagen University]] in 1812. He first studied painting and drawings at the Art Academy in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark, while he at the same time studied [[law]]. <ref name=kdw>{{cite web |author=Anne Lise Thygesen |title=Hans Ditlev Frantz von Linstow |url=https://www.kulturarv.dk/kid/VisWeilbach.do?kunstnerId=8994&wsektion=biografi |access-date=May 1, 2019 |publisher=Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbach Kunstnerleksikon}}</ref>

==Career== After finalizing these studies in 1812, he went to [[Kongsberg (town)|Kongsberg]], Norway (which then was united with Denmark) and studied in 1812–1814 at the so-called [[Kongsberg School of Mines|Bergakademiet]], which educated [[military engineer]]s. He did not, however, complete this military education, but studied [[architecture]] at the same time. He worked at the Danish Royal Court in 1814, but at the dissolution of the union between Denmark and Norway the same year, he went to Norway and worked in 1815–1820 as a military [[lawyer]] at the [[cavalry]]. In 1818, he was one of the initiators of the [[Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry]] in [[Oslo|Christiania]]. He taught, first [[plaster]], and later building construction until he took his leave in 1840.<ref name="kdw"/>

In 1823, he was commissioned to design the new [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] (''Det Kongelige Slott'') in Christiania and create the surrounding park, where he also drew the guards' house. He also helped his friend, the writer [[Henrik Wergeland]] in constructing his new house ''[[Grotten]]'' in the outskirts of the park. Both these buildings are examples of his early use of the [[Swiss chalet style]] in his drawings.<ref>[http://www.kongehuset.no/c33241/artikkel/vis.html?tid=33242 ''Architecture of the Royal Palace'' (Kongehuset.no)]</ref>

Since the Royal Palace was erected outside the main city area, Linstow proposed a plan in 1838 to connect the palace to the city. The main parts of this plan were realized in what is now the main boulevard and tourist area, the ''[[Karl Johans gate]]''. In 1828–1835, Linstow worked on a set of standard drawings for Norwegian churches. About seventy different churches were erected all over Norway based on these drawings.<ref name="kdw"/> <ref>{{cite web |author=Jens Christian Eldal |date=20 February 2017 |title=Hans Ditlev Frantz von Linstow |url=https://nkl.snl.no/Hans_Ditlev_Franciscus_Linstow |access-date=May 1, 2019 |publisher=Norsk kunstnerleksikon}}</ref>

==Legacy== In 1885, a street ''Linstows gate'' in Christiania was named for him.

==Selected works== * [[Grue Church]] in [[Solør]], 1823–28 * [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in [[Oslo]], 1823–48 * [[Atrå Church]] in [[Tinn Municipality|Tinn]], 1828–36 * [[Flekkefjord Church]] in [[Agder]], 1831–33 * [[Kvinesdal Church]] in [[Agder]], 1835–37 * [[Vikøy Church]] in [[Kvam Municipality|Kvam]] in [[Hardanger]], 1838 * Lyngdal Rectory in [[Lyngdal Municipality|Lyngdal]] in [[Agder]], 1838

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Linstow, Hans Ditlev Franciscus}} [[Category:1787 births]] [[Category:1851 deaths]] [[Category:Danish neoclassical architects]] [[Category:Academic staff of the Oslo National Academy of the Arts]] [[Category:Danish emigrants to Norway]] [[Category:Norwegian people of German descent]] [[Category:Danish people of German descent]] [[Category:University of Copenhagen alumni]] [[Category:19th-century Norwegian architects]] [[Category:Expatriate architects in Norway]]