{{Short description|Austrian pathologist (1851–1916)}} {{For|various diseases named after Hans Chiari|Chiari syndrome (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Hans Chiari | image = Hans Chiari.jpg | image_size = 230px | caption = Hans Chiari | birth_date = 4 September 1851 | birth_place = Vienna, Austrian Empire | death_date = {{death-date and age|6 May 1916|4 September 1851}} | death_place = Strasbourg, German Empire | residence = | citizenship = | ethnicity = | field = Pathology | work_institutions = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = Arnold–Chiari malformation<br/>Budd–Chiari syndrome<br/>Chiari network | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | prizes = | religion = | father = Johann Baptist Chiari | relatives = Ottokar Chiari (brother) | footnotes = | signature = }}'''Hans Chiari''' ({{IPAc-en|k|i|ˈ|ɑː|r|i}} {{respell|kee|AR|ee}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/chiari-malformation|title=Chiari malformation|work=Cambridge Dictionary|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Merriam-Webster|Chiari malformation}}</ref> {{IPA|de-AT|hans ˈki̯aːri|lang}}; 4 September 1851 − 6 May 1916) was a pathologist from Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He was the son of gynecologist Johann Baptist Chiari (1817–1854) and the brother of otorhinolaryngologist Ottokar Chiari (1853–1918).
== Biography == Chiari studied medicine in Vienna, where he was an assistant to Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky (1804–1878) and Richard Ladislaus Heschl (1824–1881). In 1878 he received his habilitation in pathological anatomy, and within a few years became an associate professor at the University of Prague. At Prague he was also superintendent of the pathological-anatomical museum. In 1906 he relocated to the University of Strasbourg as a professor of pathological anatomy.
Chiari's research dealt largely with postmortem examinations, and most of his numerous writings are the result of autopsies. In the 1890s he described a condition involving deformities of the cerebellum, and brainstem in children with herniation of the spinal cord.<ref name=AC>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1154.html Arnold–Chiari malformation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003160528/http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1154.html |date=2018-10-03 }} @ Who Named It</ref> The phenomenon was later to become known as the "Arnold–Chiari malformation", named after Chiari and German pathologist, Julius Arnold (1835–1915). The malformation was given its name in 1907 by two of Dr. Arnold's students.<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/280.html Julius Arnold] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204080738/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/280.html |date=2015-02-04 }} @ Who Named It</ref>
Another medical term named after Chiari is the Budd–Chiari syndrome, which is ascites and cirrhosis of the liver caused by an obstruction of the hepatic veins due to a blood clot. It is named in conjunction with British physician George Budd (1808–1882).<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1335.html Budd-Chiari syndrome] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731161619/http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/1335.html |date=2019-07-31 }} @ Who Named It</ref> Lastly, Chiari is also famous for describing the "Chiari network", an embryonic remnant found in the right atrium, first published in 1897.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 3248639 | pmid=21909773 | doi=10.1007/s00246-011-0114-6 | volume=33 | issue=1 | title=Chiari's network as a cause of fetal and neonatal pathology | journal=Pediatr Cardiol | pages=188–91 | last1 = Bendadi | first1 = F | last2 = van Tijn | first2 = DA | last3 = Pistorius | first3 = L | last4 = Freund | first4 = MW| year=2012 }}</ref>
== Publications == * "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Deutsche medicinische Wochenschrift'', Berlin, 1891, 17: 1172–1175 – On cerebellar changes caused by hydrocephalus of the cerebrum. * "Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns, der Pons und der Medulla oblongata, infolge von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns", ''Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien'', 1895, 63: 71. – On changes to the cerebellum, pons and the medulla oblongata, caused by hydrocephalus of the cerebrum.<ref name=AC/>
==See also== * Pathology * List of pathologists
==References== *{{cite journal |last=Loukas |first=Marios |author2=Noordeh Nima |author3=Shoja Mohammadali M |author4=Pugh Jeffrey |author5=Oakes W Jerry |author6=Tubbs R Shane |date=March 2008 |title=Hans Chiari (1851–1916) |journal=Child's Nervous System |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=407–9 | pmid = 18066558 |doi = 10.1007/s00381-007-0535-y |s2cid=28160855 }} *{{cite journal |last=Arnett |first=Bridgette |date=June 2003 |title=Arnold–Chiari malformation |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=898–900 | pmid = 12810499 |doi = 10.1001/archneur.60.6.898 }} *{{cite journal |last=Pearce |first=J.M.S. |date=January 2000 |title=Arnold Chiari, or "Cruveilhier Cleland Chiari" malformation |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=68 |issue=1 |page=13 | pmid = 10601393 | doi = 10.1136/jnnp.68.1.13 |pmc=1760604 }} *{{cite journal |last=Koehler |first=P J |date=November 1991 |title=Chiari's description of cerebellar ectopy (1891). With a summary of Cleland's and Arnold's contributions and some early observations on neural-tube defects |journal=J. Neurosurg. |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=823–6 | pmid = 1919713 |doi=10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0823 }} *{{cite journal |last=Lagerkvist |first=B |author2=Olsen L |date=August 1991 |title=[The men behind the syndrome. John Cleland, Hans Chiari and Julius Arnold—3 men behind a new phenomenon. Brain stem defects in children with myelocele] |journal=Läkartidningen |volume=88 |issue=32–33 |pages=2610–1 | pmid = 1881219 }} *{{cite journal |last=Chiari |first=H |year=1987 |title=Concerning alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus. 1891 |journal=Pediatric Neuroscience |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=3–8 | pmid = 3317333 | doi = 10.1159/000120293 }} *{{cite journal |last=Wilkins |first=R H |author2=Brady I A |date=October 1971 |title=The Arnold–Chiari malformations |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=376–9 |doi=10.1001/archneur.1971.00490040102013 | pmid = 4938787 }} {{reflist}}
== External links == * Weill Cornell Chiari CARE http://weillcornellbrainandspine.org/chiari * The Chiari Institute https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070336/http://chiariinstitute.com/ * The Chiari Center of Wisconsin http://www.wichiaricenter.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225211708/http://www.wichiaricenter.org/ |date=2012-02-25 }} * [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1123.html Hans Chiari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203014213/https://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1123.html |date=2022-12-03 }} @ Who Named It
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiari, Hans}} Category:Pathologists from Austria-Hungary Category:1851 births Category:1916 deaths Category:Medical doctors from Vienna Category:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg