Hanis language

{{short description|Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon}} {{About|the language|the Akkadian god|Hani (god)}} {{Infobox language | name = Hanis | altname = Coos | nativename = {{lang|csz|há·nis}} | pronunciation = | states = United States | region = Coos Bay, Oregon | ethnicity = Hanis people | extinct = 1972, with the death of Martha Harney Johnson<ref>{{Cite book|title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas : Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts|date=1996|publisher=De Gruyter |author1=Mühlhäusler, Peter |author2=Tryon, Darrell T. |author3=Wurm, Stephen A. |isbn=9783110134179|edition=Originally published 1996|location=Berlin; New York|oclc=838711368}}</ref> | revived = by 2007 | familycolor = penutian | fam1 = Coosan | iso3 = csz | glotto = coos1249 | glottorefname = Hanis | map = Coosan_map.svg | mapcaption = Map of Coosan languages | map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Hanis is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''}}}}<ref>{{cite report |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |publisher=UNESCO |edition=3rd |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |date=2010 |page=11}}</ref> }}

'''Hanis''', or '''Coos''', was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. {{lang|csz|há·nis}} was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Harney Johnson, who died in 1972.<ref name=e18>{{Ethnologue18|csz}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Whereat|2001}}: "Fragments of the language can be scarcely found in Martha's husbands side of the family where she passed some pieces down to her grandchildren. The family name of her husbands side was the common last name of Bennett, also residents of Oregon."</ref> Another speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who worked with linguist Melville Jacobs to document the language.<ref>{{cite web |last=Whereat |first=Patty |date=June 2001 |title=Hanis Tlii'iis: Hanis Coos Language: A Word List |url=http://ctclusi.org/sites/default/files/Hanis%20Language%20%28Secure%29.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073311/https://ctclusi.org/sites/default/files/Hanis%20Language%20(Secure).pdf |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |accessdate=2014-04-05}}</ref>

As of 2007, classes in Hanis were offered by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians.<ref name = "e18"/> A book and CD, ''Hanis for Beginners'', were published in 2011, and a companion website is available for tribal members.<ref>{{cite web |title = Hanis for Beginners |work = Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians |date = 2001 |access-date = 2014-04-06 |url = http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073150/http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf |archive-date = 2014-04-07 }}</ref>

==Phonology== Vowels {{IPA|/i ɛ a u/}} may be long or short; there is also a short {{IPA|/ə/}}.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Consonants |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | Bilabial ! colspan="3" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Post- alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Uvular ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |- !plain !sibilant !lateral |- ! rowspan="3" | Plosive/ Affricate ! plain | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|ts}} | {{IPA link|tɬ}} | {{IPA link|tʃ}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|q}} | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |- ! aspirated | {{IPA link|pʰ}} | {{IPA link|tʰ}} | {{IPA link|tsʰ}} | {{IPA link|tɬʰ}} | {{IPA link|tʃʰ}} | {{IPA link|kʰ}} | {{IPA link|qʰ}} | |- ! ejective | {{IPA link|pʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʼ}} | {{IPA link|tsʼ}} | {{IPA link|tɬʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʃʼ}} | {{IPA link|kʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʼ}} | |- ! rowspan="2" | Fricative ! voiceless | | | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ɬ}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA link|x}} | {{IPA link|χ}} | {{IPA link|h}} |- ! voiced | | | | | | {{IPA link|ɣ}} | | |- ! colspan="2" | Sonorant | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | {{IPA link|w}} | | |}

The {{IPA|/p t ts tɬ tʃ k q/}} series are optionally voiced. {{IPA|/l m n/}} may be syllabic. Stress is phonemic.

Sounds {{IPA|/k kʰ kʼ/}} may be heard as palatalized {{IPA|[c cʰ cʼ]}} when before front vowels. {{IPA|/k kʰ kʼ x h/}} may also have labialized equivalents as {{IPA|[kʷ kʷʰ kʼʷ xʷ hʷ]}}.

==References== {{Reflist}} * Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1913). ''Coos texts''. California University contributions to anthropology (Vol. 1). New York: Columbia University Press. (Reprinted 1969 New York: AMS Press). * Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Coos: An illustrative sketch. In ''Handbook of American Indian languages'' (Vol. 2, pp. 297–299, 305). Bulletin, 40, pt. 2. Washington:Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology). *Grant, Anthony. (1996). John Milhau's 1856 Hanis vocabularies: Coos dialectology and philology. In V. Golla (Ed.), ''Proceedings of the Hokan–Penutian workshop: University of Oregon, Eugene, July 1994 and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, July 1995''. Survey of California and other Indian languages (No. 9). Berkeley, CA: Survey of California and Other Languages. *Pierce, Joe E. 1971. Hanis (Coos) phonemics. Linguistics 75. 31–42.

== External links ==

*{{cite web | last = Whereat-Phillips | first = Patty | title = Kwin tlayam lo Hanis tlii'iis - Let's Speak the Hanis Language | accessdate = April 6, 2014 | url = http://www.cascadiapartnership.com/Hanis%20Article.pdf }} (pronunciation guide) *{{cite web | title = Shichils's Blog - Fun with Hanis (and a little Milluk & Siuslaw too) | accessdate = April 5, 2014 | url = http://shichils.wordpress.com/ }} *[http://www.language-archives.org/language/csz OLAC resources in and about the Coos language]

Category:Coosan languages Category:Languages extinct in the 1970s Category:1972 disestablishments in Oregon