{{Short description|Animal husbandry by humans}} [[File:Bottle_Feeding_Iberian_Lynx_cub_02.jpg|thumb|Feeding an Iberian lynx cub with a bottle.]]
[[File:CONDOR PUPPET (26298142818).jpg|thumb|Puppet-feeding of a California condor chick.]]
'''Hand-rearing''', '''artificial-rearing''', '''human-rearing''' or '''hand-raising''' is the process of caring for and feeding juvenile animals by humans during a stage when they would normally be fed by their parents.<ref name=lince>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.catsg.org/iberianlynx/03_programmes/3_1_ex-situ-conservation-lynx/el-acebuche-breeding-centre/Grupo_Asesor_de_Aspectos_Sanitarios_2004_Manual_de_crianza_de_cachorros.pdf|title=Manual de crianza artificial de cachorros de lince ibérico|date=October 2004|journal=Grupo Asesor de Aspectos Sanitarios del Lince Ibérico|language=es}}</ref>
For the hand-rearing of mammals, a bottle with milk from a female of their species, milk from another closely related species, or an appropriate milk formula can be used.<ref name=lince/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/629746405/Neonatologia-bases-para-la-crianza-asistida-de-animales|title=Neonatologia. Bases para la crianza Asistida de Animales|website=Scribd|language=es}}</ref>
In the case of birds, in some instances, hand-rearing with puppets that mimic the mother's head with key features to stimulate the chick's beak opening and food ingestion may be necessary.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337317939|title=Técnicas de conservación aplicadas por el ZooBotánico de Jerez en la crianza artificial de aves: evaluación de los distintos procedimientos utilizados en la incubación, crianza a mano y suelta de ejemplares|date=November 2019|journal=VII Congreso Ibérico y XXIV Español de Ornitología|language=es}}</ref>
Hand-rearing can lead to habituation or imprinting of these animals towards humans, with the risk that adults may not exhibit normal behavior towards their species' companions, especially in animals raised for reintroduction into the wild. Potential difficulties include integration into groups of conspecifics, learning natural behaviors such as hunting, choosing a mate, as well as raising their own offspring.<ref name=lince/><ref name=loro>{{Cite web|url=https://animalnature.es/2019/08/03/el-papel-de-la-impronta-en-los-loros-de-casa/|title=El papel de la impronta en los loros de casa|website=Animal Nature|date=2019-08-03|language=es}}</ref>
However, in livestock farming and domestic animal breeding, habituating animals to humans can be of great utility.<ref name=loro/><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.produccion-animal.com.ar/produccion_bovina_de_leche/cria_artificial/42-Crianza_artificial.pdf|title=Crianza artificial de terneros|date=2013|journal=Sitio Argentino de Producción Animal|language=es}}</ref>
== See also == {{Portal|Animals}} * Artificial incubation * Cross-fostering * Fostering (falconry) * Hack (falconry) * Human-guided migration * Puppet-rearing
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Animal breeding Category:Animal reintroduction Category:Conservation biology