{{Short description|Natural history museum in England}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}} {{Use British English|date=August 2015}} {{Infobox museum | name = Great North Museum: Hancock | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = File:The Hancock Museum Newcastle September 2009.jpg | logo = Great North Museum Hancock.png | caption = | alt = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|54.980|-1.613|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | established = {{Start date|1884|df=y}} | dissolved = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | location = Newcastle upon Tyne, England | type = Natural history museum | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = 228,024 (2025)<ref name=ALVA>{{cite web |title=Visits made in 2025 to visitor attractions in membership with ALVA |publisher=Association of Leading Visitor Attractions |url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423|access-date=22 March 2026}}</ref> | director = | president = | curator = | owner = Natural History Society of Northumbria | public_transit = Haymarket Metro/Bus station | parking = | network = Great North Museum | website = {{url|https://www.northeastmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum}} }}
The '''Great North Museum: Hancock''' is a museum of natural history and ancient civilisations in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
The museum was established in 1884 and was formerly known as the '''Hancock Museum'''. In 2006 it merged with Newcastle University's Museum of Antiquities and Shefton Museum to form the Great North Museum. The museum reopened as the Great North Museum: Hancock in May 2009 following a major extension and refurbishment of the original Victorian building. The museum and most of its collections are owned by the Natural History Society of Northumbria, and it is managed by North East Museums on behalf of Newcastle University.
== Location == The museum is located on the campus of Newcastle University, next to the Great North Road, and close to Barras Bridge. The nearest Tyne & Wear Metro station is Haymarket, and there is also a bus station at Haymarket.
One of the Second World War air raid shelter openings into the Victoria Tunnel is beneath the grounds of the museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Victoria Tunnel images |url=https://www.nhsn.ncl.ac.uk/resources/archive/stories-local-history/the-hancock-museum-at-war/other-victoria-tunnel-images/ |website=Natural History Society of Northumbria |access-date=11 April 2020 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027214917/https://www.nhsn.ncl.ac.uk/resources/archive/stories-local-history/the-hancock-museum-at-war/other-victoria-tunnel-images/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== History == thumb|right|240px|The Hancock Museum logo used immediately prior to becoming the Great North Museum. The collection of the Hancock Museum can be traced to about 1780 when Marmaduke Tunstall started accumulating ethnographic and natural history material from around the world. He then brought his collection from London to North Yorkshire. In 1790 Tunstall died, and George Allan of Darlington purchased Tunstall's collection; and later in 1823 it was acquired by the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne. A wombat, which is still on display, is considered to be the earliest object in the collection. It was the first complete wombat specimen to reach Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pigott |first1=Louis J. |last2=Jessop |first2=Leslie |date=2007-10-01 |title=The governor's wombat: early history of an Australian marsupial |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.207 |journal=Archives of Natural History |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=207–218 |doi=10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.207 |issn=0260-9541|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1829 the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne (now the Natural History Society of Northumbria) was formed as a scientific offshoot of the Literary and Philosophical Society. Amongst the founding and early members of the Natural History Society were Joshua Alder, Albany Hancock, John Hancock, Prideaux John Selby and William Chapman Hewitson.
The museum opened on its current site in 1884 after the collection of the Natural History Society outgrew its small museum, located on Westgate Road, which opened in 1834.<ref name=twhist>{{cite web|url=http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/hancock/ourhistory/ |title=Our History (archived) |website=Tyne and Wear Museums |access-date=29 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706044909/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/hancock/ourhistory/ |archive-date=6 July 2008 }}</ref> A major benefactor to the museum was William Armstrong who gave the then large sum of £11,500.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seahouses.journallive.co.uk/2010/02/lord-armstrong-bicentennial-to.html |title=Lord Armstrong bicentennial to be marked with special events |publisher=The Journal |date=2010-02-03 |access-date=2010-10-10 |archive-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826220839/http://seahouses.journallive.co.uk/2010/02/lord-armstrong-bicentennial-to.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Armstrong had also founded the College of Physical Science which later became part of Newcastle University. The museum was renamed in the 1890s, after the local Victorian naturalists, Albany and John Hancock.<ref name=twhist /> In 1959 the Natural History Society agreed with the University of Newcastle for the university to care for the building and collections, and since 1992 the university has contracted with North East Museums to manage the museum under a Service Level Agreement.<ref name=twhist />
=== Reopening as Great North Museum === [[File:Hancock Hadrian.JPG|thumb|right|Hadrian's Wall display area.]] The Hancock Museum was closed on 23 April 2006 for refurbishment and did not reopen until 23 May 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/great-north-museum-to-open-on-23-may-2009 |title = Great North Museum to open on 23 May 2009 |publisher = Great North Museum |date = 2009-03-20 |access-date = 2009-03-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326034730/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/great-north-museum-to-open-on-23-may-2009 |archive-date = 26 March 2009 |url-status = dead }}</ref> It was completely refurbished and extended as part of the Great North Museum Project, at a cost of £26 million.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2009/04/01/minister-hails-revamped-hancock-museum-as-mind-blowing-61634-23281266/ |title = Minister hails revamped Hancock museum as 'mind-blowing' |publisher = The Journal |date = 2009-04-01 |access-date = 2009-04-01 |archive-date = 23 February 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120223052551/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2009/04/01/minister-hails-new-hancock-museum-as-mind-blowing-61634-23281266/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> Great North Museum project is a partnership between Newcastle University, North East Museums, Newcastle City Council, the Natural History Society of Northumbria and the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne. The project was made possible with funds from the Heritage Lottery Fund, TyneWear Partnership, One NorthEast, the European Regional Development Fund, Newcastle University, Newcastle City Council, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, the Wolfson Foundation and The Northern Rock Foundation, as well as numerous other trusts and foundations. The building architects were Terry Farrell and Partners; Sir Terry Farrell is a native of Newcastle, and had previously been a student at Newcastle University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hadrians-wall.org/frontier/i5s44-Great-North-Museum-Project.html |title=Great North Museum project |publisher=Hadrian's Wall.org |accessdate=2008-12-08}}</ref>
The new museum includes new displays on natural history and geology, Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, Romans and Hadrian's Wall, World Cultures and Pre-history. It also includes an interactive study zone, an under 5's space, and a digital Planetarium, as well as new learning facilities, a new temporary exhibition space, and a study garden. The new museum houses not only the Hancock Museum collections, but also those of the university's Museum of Antiquities and Shefton Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/content.phtml?ref=1208183792 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110518045123/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/?ref=1208183792 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2011-05-18 |title = Last chance to visit University Museums |publisher = Newcastle University |date = 2008-04-14 |access-date = 2008-04-24 }}</ref> The building that formerly housed the Museum of Antiquities was later demolished. The Hatton Gallery is also a part of the Great North Museum Project, but is not relocating to the Hancock, and is remaining in Newcastle University's Fine Art Building.
In September 2008, the Great North Museum searched for a lookalike of the Emperor Hadrian, for a photo shoot, whose likeness would feature in a permanent display at the Hancock Museum.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.northeastmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/in-search-of-a-north-east-emperor/ |title = In search of a North East Emperor |date = 2008-09-08 |publisher = North East Museums |access-date = 2008-12-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081205015415/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/in-search-of-a-north-east-emperor |archive-date = 5 December 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> On 21 November 2008 the 'Be Part of It' campaign was launched, and it was announced that the Great North Museum: Hancock would be opening in May 2009. Athlete Jonathan Edwards is the patron of the 'Be Part of It' campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northeastmuseums.org.uk/great-north-museum/the-butterfly-wall.html |title=The Butterfly Wall |publisher=Tyne & Wear Museums |access-date=2013-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508094011/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/great-north-museum/the-butterfly-wall.html |archive-date=8 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other celebrity supporters of the museum include Sir Thomas Allen and Adam Hart-Davis. Donors to the campaign have the opportunity to have their name (or the name of a loved one) permanently included on a donor wall in the museum.
The Great North Museum formally re-opened on 23 May 2009. In August the museum announced that they had surpassed their expected annual target of 300,000 visitors. By August over 400,000 people had visited the reopened museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2009/08/29/great-north-museum-tops-its-target-61634-24558320/ |title=Great North Museum tops its target |publisher=The Journal |date=2009-08-29 |access-date=2009-08-29 |archive-date=23 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223055107/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2009/08/29/great-north-museum-tops-its-target-61634-24558320/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 6 November 2009 HM The Queen officially opened the Great North Museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/royal-opening-for-great-north-museum1 |title=Royal opening for Great North Museum |publisher=Newcastle University |date=2009-11-06 |access-date=2009-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125155108/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/royal-opening-for-great-north-museum1 |archive-date=25 November 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2009, the Great North Museum had over 600,000 visitors.<ref name=ALVA/>
By August 2010, the reopened Great North Museum had welcomed its one millionth visitor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/08/20/great-north-museum-hancock-celebrates-one-million-visitors-61634-27099689/ |title=Great North Museum: Hancock celebrates one million visitors |publisher=The Journal |date=2010-08-20 |access-date=2011-01-15 |archive-date=4 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404060840/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/08/20/great-north-museum-hancock-celebrates-one-million-visitors-61634-27099689/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Collections == Among the museum's permanent residents are a life-size cast of an African elephant; the Egyptian mummy ''Bakt-en-Hor'' (previously known as ''Bakt-hor-Nekht''); a full-size replica of a T-Rex skeleton; and Sparkie, Newcastle's famous talking budgie, who was stuffed after his death in 1962 and is now the subject of a new opera by Michael Nyman.<ref name=arches12>{{cite journal| title = Great Expectations| journal = Arches| issue = 12/Summer| pages = 14–15| publisher = The Alumni Association of Newcastle University| location = Newcastle, England| year = 2009| url = http://www.ncl.ac.uk/alumni| access-date = 2009-05-23 }}</ref> The museum is also home to Irtyru, a second Egyptian mummy.<ref name=Irtyru>{{cite news |last=Ho |first=Karen K |date=25 January 2023 |title=In Controversial Move, British Museums Will Avoid Using 'Mummy' to Describe Mummified Remains |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/british-museums-mummy-description-mummified-remains-conservatives-freak-out-1234655163/ |work=ART News |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref> thumb|left|Elephant display. [[File:Hancock TRex.JPG|thumb|right|T-Rex in dinosaur hall.]] The full-size cast of an African Elephant was built in the Living Planet gallery. The model was crafted by Zephyr Wildlife, who took a cast from an actual stuffed elephant at a museum in Bonn in Germany. To get the elephant into the museum a crane, from Bel Lift Trucks, had to be used.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/magnificent-mammal-makes-it-to-museum |title = Magnificent mammal makes it to Museum |publisher = Great North Museum |date = 2008-12-19 |access-date = 2009-01-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090218145847/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/magnificent-mammal-makes-it-to-museum |archive-date = 18 February 2009 |url-status = dead }}</ref> The full size model of a T-Rex dinosaur has been shipped from Canada, where it was built by a company called Research Casting International. It forms part of the display known as the Fossil Stories gallery. The T-Rex model was one of the first items to be placed in the new museum, due to its size.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/no-bones-about-it-t-rex-arrives-in-newcastle |title = No bones about it...T rex arrives in Newcastle |publisher = Great North Museum |date = 2008-12-19 |access-date = 2009-01-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090218131416/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum/news/no-bones-about-it-t-rex-arrives-in-newcastle |archive-date = 18 February 2009 |url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1908, the Manchester taxidermist Harry Ferris Brazenor mounted a "fine bison bull" for the museum.<ref>{{cite news |title=Border gift to Newcastle Museum |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000470/19081215/087/0003 |access-date=26 September 2021 |work=Berwickshire News and General Advertiser |agency=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription |date=15 December 1908 |page=3 col 2}}</ref>
Other exhibitions include 'Hadrian's Wall' looking at Roman life in the north of England, 'Natural Northumbria' focusing on the wildlife found in the northeast, 'Ancient Egypt' looking at the Ancient Egyptians and featuring the museum's two mummies, 'Ice Age to Iron Age' detailing the history of the British Isles over the past 12,000 years, 'World Cultures' featuring artifacts and displays from cultures across the globe, 'The Shefton Collection' with one of the most detailed collections of Greek artifacts in the UK and 'Explore' which is a more hands-on area of the museum and features regular interactive sessions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/2012/03/16/things-to-do-in-newcastle-great-north-museum-hancock-72703-30556156/ |title=Things to do in Newcastle: Great North Museum: Hancock |publisher=The Evening Chronicle |date=2012-03-16 |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref>
There were live animals on display but these have now been withdrawn, as well as a conference area for corporate events and a fully provisioned learning suite for school visits.
The museum was entered into the 'long list' for the 2010 Art Fund Prize for museums and galleries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artfundprize.org.uk/2010/longlist3.php |title=Long List (Great North Museum Hancock, Newcastle) |publisher=Art Fund Prize 2010 |access-date=2010-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224095624/http://www.artfundprize.org.uk/2010/longlist3.php |archive-date=24 February 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The interactive Bio-Wall features hundreds of creatures, that visitors will be able to investigate and find out where they live and how they survive in such extreme places as the Arctic and Desert. There is also a great white shark display, polar bear and giraffe specimens from the historic Hancock collections and a moa skeleton. Also between May and October 2019 the museum hosted Dippy the dinosaur as part of its UK tour.
Within the museum's archives are the nineteenth-century botanical paintings by Margaret Rebecca Dickinson of plants from the Newcastle and Scottish Borders region.<ref name="Natural History Society of Northumbria">{{cite web |title=Margaret Rebecca Dickinson Collection of Watercolors |url=https://www.jstor.org/site/natural-history-society-of-northumbria/dickinson-collection-of-watercolors/?searchkey=1673299130351 |website=Natural History Society of Northumbria |publisher=JSTOR |access-date=9 January 2023}}</ref>
== Library == The Great North Museum Library is open to the public and is located on the second floor of the Hancock.<ref>{{cite web |title=Library and Archives |url=https://greatnorthmuseum.org.uk/collections/library-and-archives |website=Great North Museum: Hancock |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref> It houses three collections – the Library and Archives of the Natural History Society of Northumbria, the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne and Newcastle University's Cowen Library.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/great-north-museum/library.html |title=Great North Museum Library |publisher=Great North Museum |access-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819022618/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/great-north-museum/library.html |archive-date=19 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Notable staff== * Anthony Michael (Tony) Tynan MBE, Curator 1958–1992<ref>[https://www.nhsn.org.uk/farewell-and-thank-you-to-a-visionary/ Farewell and thank you to a visionary] 24 September 2018 ''www.nhsn.org.uk'', accessed 8 May 2024</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/10/tony-tynan-obituary Tony Tynan obituary] Angus Lunn, 10 October 2018 ''www.theguardian.com'', accessed 12 December 2019</ref> * Dr Albert George Long FRSE, Deputy Curator 1966–1980<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== See also == * Abel Chapman, Victorian 'hunter-naturalist' whose game trophies can be seen at the museum.
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://www.northeastmuseums.org.uk/greatnorthmuseum Great North Museum: Hancock] - official site {{Commons category|Hancock Museum}} {{University of Newcastle upon Tyne}}
{{authority control}}
Category:Museums in Newcastle upon Tyne Category:Natural history museums in England Category:Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums Category:Museums established in 1884 Category:Newcastle University Category:Buildings and structures of Newcastle University Category:Museums of ancient Rome in the United Kingdom Category:Museums of ancient Greece in the United Kingdom Category:Archaeological museums in England Category:University museums in England Category:Egyptological collections in England Category:1884 establishments in England