{{Short description|Kashmiri Sufi teacher (1494–1576)}} {{Use British English|date=November 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox religious biography | honorific-prefix = {{ubl|{{transliteration|ar|[[Shaykh]]}}|{{transliteration|ks|[[Mehboob]] [[Alam|ul-Alam]]}}|{{transliteration|ks|[[Sultan]] [[Arif|al-Arifeen]]}}}} | name = Hamza Makhdoom | native_name = {{nq|حمزه مخدوٗم}} | birth_name = Hamza Makhdoom | title = Mehboob ul-Alam (Beloved of The World) <br /> Sultan al-Arifeen (King of the Gnostics) | image = Shaykh Hamza Makhdoom.jpg | father = Usman Makhdoom | mother = Maryam | relatives = Ali Makhdoom (brother) | Sufi_order = [[Suhrawardiyya]], [[Kubrawiya]] | alma_mater = Darul Shifa Madrasa, Shamsi Chak seminary | region = [[Kashmir]] | era = [[Shah Mir dynasty|Shah Mir era]] <br> [[Chak Dynasty|Chak Era]] | birth_date = 1494 CE (900 AH) | birth_place = Tujjar, Zaingeer, [[Sopore]] | death_date = 1576 CE (984 [[Hegira|AH]]) | death_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir Sultanate|Kashmir]] | resting_place = [[Koh-e-Maran]], [[Srinagar]], Kashmir | religion = [[Islam]] | denomination = [[Sunni]] | jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]] | creed = [[Maturidi]] | teacher = Baba Fatehullah, Sheikh Ismail Kabroi | students = Sheikh Baba Dawood Khaki, Maulana Shamsu-din Pal, Khawaja Ishaq Qari, Khawaja Hasan Qari, Baba Haidar Tulmuli | influences = [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]], [[Jahaniyan Jahangasht]], [[Nund Rishi]], | known_for = [[Sufism]] | notable_works = | background = | caption = 19th C.E Potrait of Shaykh Hamza Makhdoom at SPS Museum }}
'''Hamza Makhdoom''', popularly known as '''Makhdoom Sahib''' ({{circa|1494|1576}}), was a [[Sufi]] [[mysticism|mystic]] living in the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref name="Svabhinava">{{cite web| url=http://www.svabhinava.org/abhinava/YoginderSikand/RishisCrusaders.php| title=The Muslim Rishis of Kashmir: Crusaders for Love and Justice| author=Yoginder Sikand| access-date=2015-01-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-05|title=Makhdoom Sahib|url=https://nation.com.pk/05-Feb-2020/makhdoom-sahib|access-date=2021-11-28|website=The Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Sayid Ashraf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW5REAAAQBAJ&dq=sheikh+hamzah+makdoom+lived+in&pg=PA261 |title=My Musings (Part I): Current Events |date=2021-11-28 |publisher=Ashraf Fazili |pages=261 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Safvi |first=Rana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkeHEAAAQBAJ&dq=sheikh+hamza+makhdoom&pg=PT213 |title=In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India |date=2022-09-21 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-93701-16-9 |language=en}}</ref> He is sometimes referred to as '''Mehboob-ul-Alam''' (literally, "beloved of the world") and '''Sultan-ul-Arifeen''' (literally, "king among those who know God").
==Early life== Hamza Makhdoom was born as Muhammad Hamza Raina in the village of Tujjar near [[Sopore]] in [[Baramulla district]]. He was son of Usman Raina and Bibi Maryam who came from a [[Chandravanshi]] [[Rajput]] family of the [[Raina (surname)|Raina]] clan.<ref name="Svabhinava" /> According to tradition, teenage Hamza Makhdoom studied in the Shamsi Cha monastery for a year, and later studied [[jurisprudence]], tradition, [[philosophy]], logics, ethics and [[mysticism]] in a [[madrasa]] founded by Ismail Kubrawi.<ref name="Svabhinava" />
==Teachings== A prolific scholar and spiritual preacher, Hamza Makhdoom adhered to the tradition and was a disciple of Syed Jamal Uddin Bukhari of Delhi who was great grandson of Jahaniyan Jahangasht.<ref name="Svabhinava" /> He directed his teachings specifically to the followers of Islam, and under his influence a part of Kashmir's population truly followed the [[Hanafi|Hanafi jurisprudence]]. He was staunch follower of Shariah and Sunnah.
== Disciples == Hamza Makhdoom himself attracted a number of prominent disciples. Among his most notable disciples were:
Baba Dawood Khaki (d. 1587), a jurist, poet and later Chief Qazi of Kashmir. He authored works such as ''Dastur-ul-Salikin'', ''Vird-ul-Murideen'' and ''Qasida-i-Jalaliyya''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title=Shrine Of Hazrat Shiekh Hamza Maqdoomi (RA), a blessing to all |url=https://thekashmirhorizon.com/2021/09/22/shrine-of-hazrat-shiekh-hamza-maqdoomi-ra-a-blessing-to-all/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=The Kashmir Horizon |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahad |first=Zeeshan |date=2024-01-20 |title=Baba Dawood Khaki's Spiritual Journey as Sheikh Hamza Makhdoom's Disciple |url=https://www.thehimalayanpost.in/Baba-Dawood-Khaki-s-Spiritual-Journey-as-Sheikh-Hamza-Makhdoom-s-Disciple-97887 |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=the himalayan post |language=en}}</ref> Allama Shams-ud-Din Pal, an eminent scholar who became known for his spiritual connection with Hamza Makhdoom. He later travelled to Mecca and is reported to have been buried in the cemetery of al-Baqiʿ in Medina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pen |first=Kashmir |date=2022-09-01 |title=Allama Shamsu-Din PalAnd His Spiritual Connection withSheikh Hamza Mukhdoom (RA) |url=https://www.kashmirpen.in/allama-shamsu-din-paland-his-spiritual-connection-withsheikh-hamza-mukhdoom-ra/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=KashmirPEN |language=en}}</ref> Mulla Ahmad Chagli, a Kashmiri scholar associated with his khanqah. Mir Hyder Tulmuli, a contemporary disciple who promoted his teachings locally. Baba Hardi Rishi and Shaikh Roopa Rishi, representatives of the indigenous Kashmiri Rishi tradition who became affiliated with him, reflecting his role in blending the Rishi movement with Sufi practices. Baba Naseeb ud Din Gazi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhat |first=Haroon Rashid |date=2024-06-22 |title=Baba Naseeb-ud-Din Gazi - A saint leader |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/baba-naseeb-ud-din-gazi-a-saint-leader/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> Mir Mohammad Afzal, Bayezid Shumnagi, Feroz Ganai, and Mohammad Ali Raina, who carried his teachings into different regions of Kashmir. Through these students, Hamza Makhdoom’s influence extended across the Valley<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhat |first=Haroon Rashid |title=The Spiritual Garden of Sultan-Ul-Arifeen Sheikh Hamza Mukhdoom RA |publisher=[[Nitya Publications, Bhopal]] |isbn=978-81-19147-89-2 |edition=1st |language=English}}</ref>
==Death== He died at an age of 82 in year 1576 (984 AH) in [[Srinagar]].
Nearly fourteen years after his death, king [[Akbar]] built a [[dargah|shrine]] there which was reconstructed during the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] rule by governor Atta Mohammad Khan around 1821 AD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raza |first=Syed Asif |title=Hazrat Makhdoom: Our Great Saint |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/hazrat-makhdoom-our-great-saint |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Greater Kashmir |date=7 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The shrine, located on the southern slope of [[Hari Parbat]] Hill and popularly called Makhdoom Sahib and Hazrat Sultan,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.makemytrip.com/travel-guide/srinagar/makhdoom-sahib-religious.html| title=Makhdoom Sahib in Srinagar| access-date=2015-01-03| archive-date=5 January 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105204300/http://www.makemytrip.com/travel-guide/srinagar/makhdoom-sahib-religious.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> is an important [[pilgrimage]] centre in Kashmir.
[[Barakzai dynasty|Atta Mohammad Khan Barakzai]]{{who|date=July 2022}} in his honour issued the coins bearing the names of [[Nund Rishi|Noor-ud-Din-Rishi]] and Hamza Makhdoom.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AHMAD |first=IQBAL |title=The saints on the coins |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/op-ed/the-saints-on-the-coins |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Greater Kashmir |date=19 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ata Muhammad Khan Barzakai |url=http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=25547.0&ved=2ahUKEwjXwIqPn437AhXdzDgGHZISD2AQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw04hgqlJM0meQT2STD6TkfW |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=www.google.com}}</ref>
==See also== *[[Nund Rishi]] *[[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makhdoom, Hamza}} [[Category:1494 births]] [[Category:1576 deaths]] [[Category:Sufi mystics]] [[Category:Kashmiri Sufi saints]]