{{Short description|British military surgeon and diplomat}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} [[File:Sir Halliday Macartney.jpg|thumb|Sir Halliday McCartney<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8wpAQAAMAAJ&dq=halliday+mccartney&pg=PA463 |title=Biographical Review |date=1895 |publisher=Biographical Review Publishing Company |location=University of Wisconsin - Madison |pages=463 |language=en}}</ref>]] {{wikisource|works=or}} '''Sir''' '''Samuel Halliday Macartney''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|CMG|KCMG|sep=,|size=100%}} (1833–1906) was a British [[military surgeon]] and diplomat serving the Chinese government during the late [[Qing dynasty]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/lifesirhalliday00boulgoog|last1=Boulger|first1= Demetrius Charles|author1-link=Demetrius Charles Boulger|last2=Crichton-Browne|first2= James, Sir|authorlink2=James Crichton-Browne|title=The life of Sir Halliday Macartney|year=1908|location=London|publisher=J. Lane}}</ref><ref name="BMJ1906">{{cite journal|title=Obituary: Sir Halliday Macartney, K.C.M.G., M.D|journal=BMJ|volume=1|issue=2372|year=1906|pages=1442–1443|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.2372.1442-c|pmc=2381570}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette | issue = 24979 | date = 27 May 1881 | pages = 2746 }}</ref>
He was a member of the same family as [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney]], the 18th century British ambassador to China (see [[Macartney Embassy]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boulger |first=Demetrius Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7k4bAAAAIAAJ&dq=Halliday+Macartney+family+Earl+Macartney&pg=PA620 |title=The History of China |date=1808 |publisher=W. Thacker & Company |pages=620 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SkrineNightingale1973">{{cite book|last1=Skrine|first1=Sir Clarmont Percival |last2=Nightingale|first2=Pamela |title=Macartney at Kashgar: new light on British, Chinese and Russian activities in Sinkiang, 1890-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzWAAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Methuen|location=London|isbn=9780416653908 }}</ref>{{rp|2}}
Macartney was born near [[Castle Douglas]] on 24 May 1833.<ref name=":0" /> He studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh Medical School]], graduating MD in 1858 with a thesis on phthisis.<ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Macartney|first=Samuel H.|date=1858|title=Pathology of phthisis and its relation to fatty liver|hdl=1842/26705|type=MD thesis|publisher=The [[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> He served as a surgeon in the [[Crimean War]], then went with his regiment to China and resigned his commission to join the Chinese army of General [[Charles George Gordon|Charles Gordon]] which was subduing the Taiping rebels. He decided to make his home in China and married the niece of Chinese politician [[Li Hongzhang]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Li Hung Chang's Godson |work=Sevenoaks Chronicle and Kentish Advertiser |date=23 April 1909 |access-date=30 August 2015 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001067/19090423/042/0002| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> in December 1864. He became a civil servant of the Chinese imperial government, first in China and then in England. His first wife was a near relative of Lar Wang (納王郜雲官), one of the leaders of the Taiping rebellion. They had three sons and a daughter;<ref name="SkrineNightingale1973" />{{rp|2–3}} the eldest son, [[George Macartney (British consul)|George]], served as the British representative in [[Kashgar]] for 28 years. The family lived in Nanjing until 1876 when Macartney left for London to serve as secretary to successive Chinese ministers at the Court of St James. His wife stayed behind and died two years later.<ref name="SkrineNightingale1973" />{{rp|3}}
He served as Counsellor to the [[Embassy of China, London|Chinese Legation in London]] for the remaining 30 years of his life. Notably, he oversaw the [[Kidnapped in London|capture and detainment]] of Chinese nationalist leader [[Sun Yat-Sen]] at the Chinese Legation in 1896.{{efn|"Sir Halliday Macartney's long official connexion with China had made him almost a Chinaman in feeling. This was shown by the action he took in the kidnapping of a Chinese reformer in London. The man, who was a member of the medical profession, escaped deportation and execution only by the energetic intervention of Lord Salisbury at the instance of Mr. Cantlie and Sir Patrick Manson, whom the prisoner contrived to acquaint with his perilous situation."<ref name="BMJ1906" />}}<ref>{{cite wikisource|title = Kidnapped in London|chapter=Chapter 7 |last = Yat-Sen |first = Sun |year = 1897 |publisher = Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent and Company Limited |location = London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Origins of a Heroic Image: SunYat Sen in London, 1896–1987| last=Wong| first=J.Y.| year=1986| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Hong Kong}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = The Most Fundamental Legal Right: Habeas Corpus in the Commonwealth |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B9rYW5xPYEwC&pg=PA162 |last = Clark |first = David J. |author2=Gerald McCoy |year = 2000 |page = 162 |publisher = Oxford University Press |location = Oxford|isbn = 9780198265849}}</ref> Macartney intended to deport Sun Yat-Sen back to the Qing Empire for execution, but the intervention of Sun's ally and former teacher [[James Cantlie|Sir James Cantlie]] turned the imprisonment into a press sensation, and brought public support to Sun. Macartney released Sun Yat-Sen after 12 days of detainment, under pressure from the foreign office. The incident greatly raised Sun Yat-Sen's public profile as a reformer and revolutionary, and gave his movement more clout; Sun would go on to lead the [[Xinhai Revolution|revolution that overthrew the Qing]] and found the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].
Macartney remarried in 1884 Jeanne Léon du Satoy, daughter of the French portrait painter<ref>Die Kunst für Alle, vol. 10, 1895, p. 44.</ref> Jacques Léon du Sautoy, of [[Fontainebleau]] (1817–1895). Lady Macartney died at [[Hove]], near [[Brighton]], on 9 September 1902, and was interred at [[Dundrennan Abbey]], [[Kirkcudbrightshire]], Scotland seven days later.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Deaths |date=12 September 1902 |page=1 |issue=36871}}</ref> Sir Halliday died on 8 June 1906 at his home, Kenbank, [[St John's Town of Dalry]] and was also buried at Dundrennan Abbey.
Macartney received the first grade of the second class of the Imperial Chinese [[Order of the Double Dragon]] (雙龍寶星) in May 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular|date=21 May 1902 |page=9 |issue=36773}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27471|page=5751|date=5 September 1902}}</ref>
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Macartney, Haliday}} [[Category:1833 births]] [[Category:1906 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors]] [[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]] [[Category:People from Castle Douglas]] [[Category:19th-century Chinese diplomats]] [[Category:British diplomats in China]]