{{Short description|Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer}} {{Infobox person | name =Halit Refiğ | image = | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{birth date|1934|3|5|df=y}} | birth_place = İzmir, Turkey | death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|10|11|1934|3|5|df=y}} | death_place = Istanbul, Turkey | other_names = | occupation = Film director, film producer, screenwriter, writer | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }} '''Halit Refiğ''' (5 March 1934 – 11 October 2009) was a Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer. He made around sixty films, including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. He is considered to be the pioneer of the National Cinema movement and the initiator of the production of TV serials in Turkey.<ref name="altın">{{cite book|last=Evren|first=Burçak|author-link=Burçak Evren|title=Altın Koza 40. Yıl Onur Ödülleri Kataloğu|publisher=Altın Koza Yayınları|year=2009| location=Adana|pages=306–16|isbn=978-605-60-4114-3}}</ref><ref name="milliyet"/><ref name="trt">{{cite web | title = Director Halit Refiğ passes away | publisher = trtenglish.com | date = October 11, 2009 | url = http://www.trtenglish.com/trtinternational/en/newsDetail.aspx?HaberKodu=a6f7be8c-7fe4-41f1-9d33-75324f601ce3 | access-date = October 21, 2009}}</ref>
==Biography== Halit Refiğ graduated from Şişli Terakki High School in 1951 and studied engineering at Robert College in Istanbul.
Refiğ directed his first films in 8mm while he served as a military reserve officer in Korea, Japan and Ceylon. He wrote articles on cinema at newspapers in 1956 and published the ''Sinema Dergisi'' magazine together with Nijat Özön. He began his career as Atıf Yılmaz's assistant in 1957 together with Yılmaz Güney. He worked as scriptwriter for Atıf Yılmaz and Memduh Ün. His directorial debut was ''Forbidden Love (Yasak Aşk)'' (1961). His 1962 film ''Stranger in the City'' was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival.<ref name="Moscow1963">{{cite web |url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1963 |title=3rd Moscow International Film Festival (1963) |access-date=2012-12-01 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116210707/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1963 |archive-date=2013-01-16 }}</ref>
In the 1970s, with the decline in Turkish cinema, he started to work extensively for TV. In 1974, he contributed as an instructor to the first cinema education programs initiated by the Istanbul State Fine Arts Academy (the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University of today) where he started to work as lecturer in 1975.<ref name="altın"/><ref name="hurriyet1"/><ref name="hurriyet2">{{cite news | url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=halit-refig-laid-to-rest-2009-10-13 |newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News |title= Film director, lecturer Halit Refiğ laid to rest |date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref> In 1975, he directed the TV series ''Aşk-ı Memnu (Forbidden Love)'' which was aired on the Turkish Radio Television, TRT. This TV serial is considered to be the first miniseries on Turkish television stations.<ref name="altın"/><ref name="milliyet"/> In 1978, he wrote a script for a documentary about the life of Mimar Sinan on commission from the Mimar Sinan University.<ref>[http://www.sinanasaygi.org/etkinlik.asp?action=detay&haberID=85 Yarım Kalmış bir Film Tasarısı: "Koca Sinan"] sinanasaygi.org {{in lang|tr}}</ref> The project was not completed but the script was published.
In 1999, on commission from the then Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit, he began developing a feature film project titled ''Devlet Ana (Mother State)'', to be released on the 700th anniversary of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. The project was going to be conducted in collaboration with the Mimar Sinan University (MSU). In 2001, Refiğ stated that he would not collaborate with MSU and thus the project was not realized.<ref name="milliyet"/>
Refiğ was one of the contributors of the conservative magazine ''Hareket''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katalog.idp.org.tr/dergiler/73/hareket|title=Hareket|publisher=İslamcı Dergi Projesi|access-date=2 May 2024|archive-date=2 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502164156/https://katalog.idp.org.tr/dergiler/73/hareket|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Censorship== Refiğ's 1979-81 adaptation of Kemal Tahir's novel, ''Yorgun Savaşçı'', for TRT, where he served as an advisor, was banned from broadcast by TRT on account of incorporating scenes which were anti-Atatürk, anti-Turkish Independence War, and pro-Çerkes Ethem. A commission of seven people comprising three colonels, a representative of the Ministry of Interior, a representative of the press office of the Prime Minister, two TRT representatives, and Turgut Özakman, the director of the Turkish State Theatres, representing the Ministry of Culture, was formed on order from President Kenan Evren and Prime Minister Bülent Ulusu and the prints were burnt in 1983 by TRT director Macit Akman, at the furnaces of the Turkish General Staff printhouse under the supervision of the said commission. This censorship caused public controversy. A surviving copy surfaced in 1993 and the 8-episode miniseries was broadcast in its entirety on TRT.<ref name="altın"/><ref name="milliyet">{{cite news| url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Ombudsman/HaberDetay.aspx?aType=HaberDetay&ArticleID=1151864&Date=21.10.2009&Kategori=ombudsman&b=Ask-i%20Memnu%20degil%20Kaynanalar |newspaper=Milliyet|title=Aşk-ı Memnu değil Kaynanalar |date=October 19, 2009|language=tr |access-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref><ref name="aksam">{{cite news|url=http://www.aksam.com.tr/2009/10/15/haber/yasam/2418/_komisyonda_olmam_buyuk_talihsizlikti_.html|newspaper=Akşam|title=Komisyonda olmam büyük talihsizlikti|author=Güney Elbir, Nurbanu|date=October 15, 2009|language=tr|access-date=October 21, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018045557/http://www.aksam.com.tr/2009/10/15/haber/yasam/2418/_komisyonda_olmam_buyuk_talihsizlikti_.html|archive-date=October 18, 2009}}</ref>
==Academic life== He lectured at the University of Wisconsin in 1976, where he directed ''The Intercessors'', and at Denison University in Ohio in 1984, where he shot ''In the Wilderness'' with his students. He was given the title of "Honorary Professor" by Marmara University in 1997.<ref name="hurriyet1">{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=prominent-turkish-director-halit-refig-dies-at-75--2009-10-11 |newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|title=Prominent Turkish director Halit Refiğ dies at 75|date=October 11, 2009|access-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref>
==Death== He suffered from cholangiocarcinoma and died on 11 October 2009 in Istanbul, aged 75. He was interred in the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery two days later, following the funeral service held at Teşvikiye Mosque.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Yasam/SonDakika.aspx?aType=SonDakika&ArticleID=1149831&Date=13.10.2009&Kategori=turkiye&b=Halit%20Refigin%20esinden%20son%20veda |newspaper=Milliyet|title=Halit Refiğ'in eşinden son veda|author=Çıtak Koygun, Pınar|date=2009-10-13 |language=tr|access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
==Filmography as director== {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * {{Lang|tr|Seviştiğimiz Günler}} (1961) * {{Lang|tr|Yasak Aşk}} (1961) * ''Şehirdeki Yabancı'' (1962) * ''Gençlik Hülyaları'' (1962) * ''Şafak Bekçileri'' (1963) * ''Gurbet Kuşları'' (1964) * ''Şehrazat'' (1964) * ''Evcilik Oyunu'' (1964) * ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' (1964) * ''Canım Sana Feda'' (1965) * ''Güneşe Giden Yol'' (1965) * {{Lang|tr|Haremde Dört Kadın}} (1965) * ''Kırık Hayatlar'' (1965) * ''Erkek Ve Dişi'' (1966) * ''Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş'' (1966) * ''Karakolda Ayna Var'' (1966) * ''Can Yoldaşları'' (1966) * ''Kız Kolunda Damga Var'' (1967) * ''Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim'' (1969) * ''Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey'' (1969) * ''Adsız Cengaver'' (1970) * ''Sevmek Ve Ölmek Zamanı'' (1971) * ''Ali Cengiz Oyunu'' (1971) * ''Çöl Kartalı'' (1972) * ''Acı Zafer'' (1972) * ''Aşk Fırtınası'' (1972) * ''Fatma Bacı'' (1972) * ''Kızın Varmı Derdin Var'' (1973) * ''Cennetin Kapısı'' (1973) * ''Sultan Gelin'' (1973) * ''Vurun Kahpeye'' (1973) * ''Yedi Evlat İki Damat'' (1973) * ''Aşk-ı Memnu'' (1975) (TV) * ''Arabulucular'' (1977) * ''Yaşam Kavgası'' (1978) * ''Yorgun Savaşçı'' (1979) (TV) * ''Leyla İle Mecnun'' (1982) * ''O Kadın'' (1982) * ''Beyaz Ölüm'' (1983) * ''İhtiras Fırtınası'' (1983) * ''Alev Alev'' (1984) * ''Ölüm Yolu'' (1985) * ''Paramparça'' (1985) * ''Son Darbe'' (1985) * ''Kıskıvrak'' (1986) * ''Teyzem'' (1986) * ''Yarın Ağlayacağım'' (1986) * ''Kızımın Kanı'' (1987) * ''Kurtar Beni'' (1987) * ''Kızım Ve Ben'' (1988) * ''Hanım'' (1988) * ''Karılar Koğuşu'' (1989) * ''İki Yabancı'' (1990) * ''Zirvedekiler'' (1993) (TV) * ''Köpekler Adası'' (1996) * ''Affet Bizi Hocam'' (1998) (TV) * ''Kerem'' (1999) * ''Affet Beni Hocam'' (2000) * ''Zeynep Öğretmen'' (2000) (TV) * ''Gelinlik Kız'' (2000) * ''Sara ile Musa'' (2000) (TV) * ''Midasın Düşü'' (2000) (TV) * ''Gençlik'' (2000) {{div col end}}
==Producer== * ''Yaşamak Hakkımdır'' 1958 * ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' 1964 * ''Canım Sana Feda'' 1965 * ''İki Yabancı'' 1990
==Screenwriter== {| style="font-size: 100%" | valign="top"| * ''Yaşamak Hakkımdır'' 1958 * ''Ala Geyik'' 1959 * ''Karacaoğlan'ın Kara Sevdası'' 1959 * ''Suçlu'' 1960 * ''Mahallenin Sevgilisi'' 1960 * ''Ölüm Peşimizde'' 1960 * ''Kırık Çanaklar'' 1960 * ''Avare Mustafa'' 1961 * ''Seviştiğimiz Günler'' 1961 * ''Yasak Aşk'' 1961 * ''Güneş Doğmasın'' 1961 * ''Şafak Bekçileri'' 1963 * ''Yavaş Gel Güzelim'' 1963 * ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' 1964 * ''Şehrazat'' 1964 * ''Gurbet Kuşları'' 1964 * ''Güneşe Giden'' Yol 1965 * ''Kırık Hayatlar'' 1965 * ''Haremde Dört Kadın'' 1965 * ''Yasak Sokaklar'' 1965 * ''Karakolda Ayna Var'' 1966 * ''Aslan Pençesi'' 1966 * ''Can Yoldaşları'' 1966 * ''Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş'' 1966 * ''Erkek Ve Dişi'' 1966 | valign="top"| * ''Kanlı Hayat'' 1967 * ''Kız Kolunda Damga Var'' 1967 * ''Aslan Yürekli Kabadayı'' 1967 * ''Yaprak Dökümü'' 1967 * ''Son Gece'' 1967 * ''Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim'' 1969 * ''Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey'' 1969 * ''Atsız Cengaver'' 1970 * ''Ali Cengiz Oyunu'' 1971 * ''Acı Zafer'' 1972 * ''Aşk Fırtınası'' 1972 * ''Çöl Kartalı'' 1972 * ''Sultan Gelin'' 1973 * ''Aşk-ı Memnu'' 1975 * ''Yaşam Kavgası'' 1978 * ''Son Darbe'' (2) 1985 * ''Kurtar Beni'' 1987 * ''Arkadaşım Şeytan'' 1988 * ''Hanım'' 1988 * ''Karılar Koğuşu'' 1989 * ''İki Yabancı'' 1990 * ''Köpekler Adası'' 1996 * ''Kerem'' 1999 * ''Cumbadan Rumbaya'' 2005 |}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.biyografi.net/kisiayrinti.asp?kisiid=435 Biography of Halit Refiğ] {{in lang|tr}} * {{IMDb name|0716340|Halit Altug Refig}}
==Bibliography==
===Published screenplays=== *Refiğ, Halit. (2009). ''Puşkin Erzurumda''. Dergah Yayınları, Sinema İletişim Dizisi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-995-176-4}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2009). ''Koca Sinan''. Dergah Yayınları, Sinema İletişim Dizisi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-995-175-7}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2009). ''Şeytan Aldatması''. Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım, Senaryo Dizisi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-605-106-114-6}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2009). ''Gazi ile Latife: Mustafa Kemal'in Yaşamından Bir Kesit''. Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım, Senaryo Dizisi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-605-106-032-3}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2006). '' Aşk ve Ölüm Senaryoları''. Doğan Kitapçılık, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-293-450-4}}
===Non-fiction (memoirs, essays)=== *Refiğ, Halit; eds. Gültekin, D. Ali; Zileli, Irmak. (2009). ''Doğruyu Aradım Güzeli Sevdim''. Bizim Kitaplar Yayınevi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-9944-1-5966-1}} *Refiğ, Halit; ed. Gültekin, D. Ali. (2007). ''Tek Umut Türkiye''. Bizim Kitaplar Yayınevi, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-9944-1-5916-6}} *Refiğ, Halit & Hristidis, Şengün Kılıç. (2007). ''Sinemada Ulusal Tavır''. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-9944-88-064-0}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2002). '' Doğu Batı ve Türkiye 10 Yılda Nereden Başladık? Nereye Geldik?''. Ufuk Kitapları, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-6571-18-7}} *Refiğ, Halit. (2000). ''Gerçeğin Değişkenliği Kemal Tahir''. Ufuk Kitapları, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-6714-04-1}}
===Further reading=== *Maraşlı, Gülşah Nezaket. (2007). ''Bir Halit Refiğ Filmi''. Elips Kitap, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-8971-00-8}} *Adiloğlu, Fatoş. (2006). Sinemada Mimari Açılımlar: Halit Refiğ Filmleri. Es Yayınları, İstanbul. {{ISBN|978-975-8716-40-1}} *Türk, İbrahim. (2001). ''Halit Refiğ Düşlerden Düşüncelere Söyleşiler''. Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul. {{ISBN|975-8240-41-2}}
{{s-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{succession box | | before = established | after = Atıf Yılmaz | title = Golden Orange Award for Best Director | years =1964 <br/> '''for ''Gurbet Kuşları'' '''}} {{succession box | | before = Ömer Kavur | after = Halit Refiğ | title = Golden Orange Award for Best Director | years =1989 <br/> '''for ''Hanım'' '''}} {{succession box | | before = Halit Refiğ | after = Yavuz Özkan | title = Golden Orange Award for Best Director | years =1990 <br/> '''for ''Karılar Koğuşu'' '''}} {{s-end}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Refig, Halit}} Category:1934 births Category:2009 deaths Category:Best Director Golden Orange Award winners Category:Burials at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery Category:Deaths from cancer in Turkey Category:Film people from Istanbul Category:People from İzmir Category:Robert College alumni Category:Turkish film directors Category:Turkish film producers Category:Turkish male screenwriters Category:Deaths from cholangiocarcinoma Category:20th-century Turkish screenwriters Category:Golden Boll Life Achievement Award winners