{{Short description|Family of fishes}} {{About|a family of fishes|other uses of '''Grunt'''|Grunt (disambiguation)}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Grunts | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Lutetian|present|[[Lutetian]] to present}} | image = Haemulon album.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Haemulon album]]'' | taxon = Haemulidae | authority = [[Theodore Nicholas Gill|T. N. Gill]], 1885<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision_ref = <ref name = BMC>{{cite journal | author1 = José Julián Tavera | author2 = P. Arturo Acero | author3 = Eduardo F Balart | author4 = Giacomo Bernardi | year = 2012 | title = Molecular phylogeny of grunts (Teleostei, Haemulidae), with an emphasis on the ecology, evolution, and speciation history of New World species | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-12-57 | pmid = 22537107 | pmc = 3472276 | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume =12 | issue = 57| pages = 57 | bibcode = 2012BMCEE..12...57T | doi-access = free }}</ref> | subdivision = *[[Haemulinae]] <small>Gill, 1885</small> *[[Plectorhynchinae]] <small>Jordan & [[William Francis Thompson (biologist)|Thompson]] 1912</small> | synonyms = * Pomadasyidae <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1913</small> * Inermiidae <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]], 1923</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name = VDLEF/><ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=457 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |access-date=2021-03-19 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> }}
'''Haemulidae''' is a [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] of fishes in the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Acanthuriformes]] known commonly as '''grunts'''. It is made up of the two [[subfamily|subfamilies]] [[Haemulinae]] (grunts) and [[Plectorhynchinae]] (sweetlips), which contain about 133 species in 19 genera around the world.<ref>{{FishBase family|family=Haemulidae|year=2006|month=March}}</ref> These fishes are commonly found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, inhabiting marine, brackish, and sometimes fresh waters.
The family shows many feeding adaptations from bottom-feeding predation to water-column planktivory and is named for the ability of Haemulinae to produce sounds by grinding their pharyngeal teeth.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author1=Johnson, G.D. |author2=Gill, A.C.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|isbn= 978-0-12-547665-2|page= 184}}</ref> Some species engage in mutualistic relationships with cleaner gobies of the genus ''[[Elacatinus]]'', allowing them to feed on [[ectoparasites]] on their bodies.<ref>{{Cite journal| author= Sazima, I.|date=September 2000| title = Daily cleaning activity and diversity of clients of the barber goby, ''Elacatinus figaro'', on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil| journal = Environmental Biology of Fishes | volume =59 | issue =1| pages =69–77 | doi=10.1023/a:1007655819374|display-authors=etal |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59...69S }}</ref>
==Subfamilies and genera== The family Haemulidae is divided into the following subfamilies and genera:<ref name = Nelson5/><ref name = CofF>{{Cof family | family = Haemulidae | access-date = 19 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Haemulinae]] ** ''[[Anisotremus]]'' <small>Gill 1861</small> ** ''[[Boridia]]'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1830</small> ** ''[[Brachydeuterus]]'' <small>Gill, 1862</small> ** ''[[Brachygenys]]'' <small>[[Felipe Poey|Poey]], 1868</small> ** ''[[Conodon]]'' <small>Cuvier, 1830</small> ** ''[[Emmelichthyops]]'' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|Schultz]], 1945</small> ** ''[[Haemulon]]'' <small>Cuvier, 1829</small> ** ''[[Haemulopsis]]'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1869</small> ** ''[[Isacia]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & [[Bert Fesler|Fesler]], 1893</small> ** ''[[Microlepidotus]]'' <small>Gill, 1862</small> ** ''[[Orthopristis]]'' <small>[[Charles Frédéric Girard|Girard]], 1858</small> ** ''[[Parakuhlia]]'' <small>[[Jacques Pellegrin|Pellegrin]], 1913</small> ** ''[[Paranisotremus]]'' <small>[[Jose Tavera|Tavera]], [[Arturo Acero P.|Acero]] & [[Peter C. Wainwright|Wainwright]], 2018</small> ** ''[[Pomadasys]]'' <small>[[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1802</small> ** ''[[Rhencus]]'' <small>Jordan & [[Barton Warren Evermann|Evermann]], 1896</small> ** ''[[Rhonciscus]]'' <small>Jordan & Evermann, 1896</small> ** ''[[Xenichthys]]'' <small>Gill, 1862</small> * [[Plectorhynchinae]] ** ''[[Diagramma]]'' <small>[[Lorenz Oken|Oken]], 1817</small> ** ''[[Genyatremus]]'' <small>Gill, 1862</small> ** ''[[Parapristipoma]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1873</small> ** ''[[Plectorhinchus]]'' <small>Lacépède, 1802</small> One of the earliest known fossil grunts is †''[[Pomadasys sadeki]]'' <small>(Joleaud & Cuvillier, 1933)</small> (formerly placed in its own genus, ''Kemtichthys'') from the [[Middle Eocene]]-aged [[Mokattam Formation]] of Egypt.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Joleaud |first1=Léonce |last2=Cuvillier |first2=Jean |date=1933 |title=Kemtichthys Sadeki. Nouveau percoïde fossile d'Egypte |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bie_1110-1938_1933_num_16_1_3300 |journal=Bulletin de l'institut d'Égypte |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=93–98 |doi=10.3406/bie.1933.3300}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=White |first=Errol Ivor |date=1936-07-01 |title=V.—On certain Eocene percoid fishes |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655173 |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=18 |issue=103 |pages=43–54 |doi=10.1080/00222933608655173 |issn=0374-5481|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==See also== * [[List of fish families]]
==Notes== {{Reflist}}
==References== * {{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = J. | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 |page=560 | year = 2002 | url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class | access-date = 2011-05-19 }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q517736}} {{Authority control}}
[[Category:Haemulidae| ]] [[Category:Acanthuriformes families]]