{{Short description|Subgenus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Habranthus tubispathus- Soriano, Palmar, Suelo rocoso entre gramíneas al margen del Lago 23.jpg |image_caption = ''Zephyranthes tubispatha'' flowers |taxon = Zephyranthes subg. Habranthus |authority = (Herb.) Nic.García<ref name = "Tropicos b" /> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See here |synonyms = ''Habranthus'' Herb. |synonyms_ref = <ref name= "García et al., 2019" /> |type_species = ''Zephyranthes gracilifolia'' (Herb.) G.Nicholson<ref name = "Tropicos a" /> |range_map = |range_map_caption = }} '''''Zephyranthes'' subg. ''Habranthus''''' is a subgenus within the genus ''Zephyranthes'' in the family Amaryllidaceae.<ref name= "García et al., 2019" /><ref name = "Tropicos b" /> It was a formerly recognized as the separate genus '''''Habranthus'''''. It contains tender herbaceous flowering bulbs in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref> It is now included within a more broadly circumscribed genus ''Zephyranthes''. The genus was first identified by pioneering bulb enthusiast William Herbert in 1824.
==Description== thumb|right|upright|''Zephyranthes tubispatha'' bulb ===Vegetative characteristics=== ''Zephyranthes'' subg. ''Habranthus'' are bulbous, 10–30 cm tall plants with oblong to globose bulbs and annual, linear to filiform, 15–30 cm long, and 3–10 mm wide leaves.<ref name= "García et al., 2019" /> ===Generative characteristics=== The 1–4-flowered inflorescence bears pedicellate, zygomorphic flowers.<ref name= "García et al., 2019" />
==Taxonomy== It was first published as ''Habranthus'' {{au|Herb.}} by William Herbert in 1824<ref name = "Herbert, 1824">Curtis, William, Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Hooker, William Jackson, Prain, D., Stapf, O., Bentham-Moxon Trust., Bentham-Moxon Trust., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew., Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain), Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust, & Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust. (1801). Curtis’s botanical magazine (Vol. 51). Academic Press [etc.]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/488148</ref><ref name = "IPNI a">''Habranthus'' Herb. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 27, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/1481-1</ref> with ''Habranthus gracilifolius'' {{au|Herb.}} as the type species.<ref name = "Tropicos a">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-w). ''Habranthus'' Herb. Tropicos. Retrieved February 27, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40019693</ref> ''Habranthus'' was formerly regarded separate from ''Zephyranthes''; distinctive features included holding its flowers at an angle rather than upright, and possessing unequal stamens.<ref name=Mathew1987/> It was merged into the genus ''Zephyranthes'' {{au|Herb.}} as ''Zephyranthes'' subg. ''Habranthus'' {{au|(Herb.) Nic. García}} published by Nicolás García Berguecio in 2019.<ref name= "García et al., 2019" /><ref name = "Tropicos b">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-an). ''Zephyranthes'' subg. ''Habranthus'' (Herb.) Nic. García. Tropicos. Retrieved February 27, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/100496090</ref><ref name = "IPNI b">''Zephyranthes'' subgen. ''Habranthus'' (Herb.) Nic.García. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 27, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77203260-1</ref> At one stage, ''Habranthus'' was considered a subgenus of the closely related ''Hippeastrum''.<ref name=Baker88>{{cite book|last=Baker|author-link=John Gilbert Baker|first=John Gilbert|title=Handbook of the Amaryllideæ including the Alstrœmerieæ and Agaveæ|date=1888|publisher=Bell|location=London|page=41|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/52710#page/59/mode/1up|access-date=31 March 2014|chapter=Hippeastrum}}</ref> It was later treated as a full genus in the tribe Hippeastreae. However, molecular phylogenetic studies from 2000 onwards showed that although Hippeastreae was monophyletic, many of the genera placed in the tribe were not; in particular, ''Habranthus'', ''Zephyranthes'' and ''Sprekelia'' formed a complex in which traditionally placed species were intermingled. Accordingly, in 2019, a broad circumscription of ''Zephyranthes'' was proposed, including the former genus ''Habranthus''.<ref name= "García et al., 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=García |first1=Nicolás |last2=Meerow |first2=Alan W. |last3=Arroyo-Leuenberger |first3=Silvia |last4=Oliveira |first4=Renata S. |last5=Dutilh |first5=Julie H. |last6=Soltis |first6=Pamela S. |last7=Judd |first7=Walter S. |date=2019 |title=Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae |journal=Taxon |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=481–498 |doi=10.1002/tax.12062 |s2cid=202854432 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> This proposal has been accepted by Plants of the World Online,<ref name=POWO_330336-2>{{cite POWO |title=''Zephyranthes'' Herb. |id=330336-2 |access-date=2021-12-29 }}</ref> among other taxonomic databases.
==Cultivation== In the United States, species formerly placed in ''Habranthus'', like other rain lilies, are regarded as "heirloom plants", although not widely used in mainstream landscapes, perhaps because their bloom time, dependent on rain, is erratic. Nevertheless, the bulbs are rugged and easy to grow in USDA Hardiness Zones 8-10 and are recognized among bulb specialists as possessing distinct landscape value in appropriate areas of the world.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Ogden |first= Scott |title=Garden Bulbs for the South |location= Dallas, TX |publisher= Taylor Publishing Co. |date= 1994 | pages= 5–27}}</ref> In colder regions they may be grown in sheltered sites, or in pots kept frost-free in winter.<ref name=Mathew1987>{{Cite book |last=Mathew |first=Brian |year=1987 |title=The Smaller Bulbs |location=London |publisher=B.T. Batsford |isbn=978-0-7134-4922-8 }}, p. 101</ref>
The most commonly grown species are the pink-flowered ''Zephyranthes robusta'' (formerly ''Habranthus robustus'') and the yellow-flowered ''Zephyranthes tubispatha'' (formerly ''Habranthus tubispathus'').<ref name=Mathew1987/> <gallery> File:Habranthus robustus (1).jpg|''Zephyranthes robusta'' (syn. ''H. robustus'') File:H tubispathus 07.jpg|''Zephyranthes tubispatha'' (syn. ''H. tubispathus''), Denton, Texas </gallery>
==See also== * List of plants known as lily
== References == {{Reflist|3}} * Howard, Thad M. ''Bulbs for Warm Climates''. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2001, pp 77–82.
==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikispecies}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070522045614/http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Habranthus/Habranthuslist.shtml] International Bulb Society's gallery of photographs *[http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Habranthus] Pacific Bulb Society's gallery of photographs
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* Category:Amaryllidoideae Category:Plant subgenera