Haarlem Mill

{{short description|Cotton mill in Derbyshire, England}} {{Infobox Mill building | name = | building_name = Haarlem Mill | native_building_name = | alternate_names = | image = Haarlem Mill - geograph.org.uk - 2326070.jpg | caption = The mill in 2011 | textile_type = Cotton | mill-process = | building_type = Spinning watermill | architectural_style = | structural_system = | cost = | employees = 200 in 1789  | location = Wirksworth, Derbyshire, England | map_type = Derbyshire | map_caption = Location in Derbyshire | coordinates = {{coord|53.069|-1.577|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | serving_canal = | serving_railway = | client = Richard Arkwright | owner = | owner_2 = | acquisition_date_2 = | owner_3 = | acquisition_date_3 = | owner_4 = | acquisition_date_4 = | current_tenants = | current_owner = | start_date = 1777 | completion_date = 1780 | renovation_date = | re-equipment_date_2 = | re-equipment_date_3 = | change_of_use_date = | demolition_date = | destruction_date =  | height = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | floor_height = | floor_usage = | floor_construction =  | main_contractor = | architect = | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | other_designers = | awards = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards =  | engine_date = | engine_decommissioned = | engine_maker = Francis Thompson of Ashover | engine_type = Supplementary atmospheric | engine_valve = | engine_cylinder = 5ft | engine_rpm = | engine_kWatt = | engine_hp = | engine_fly_diameter = 18ft | transmission_type = | no_of_ropes = | boilers = | boiler_temperature = | psi =  | wheels = Prime mover | diameter_of_water_wheel = | width_of_wheel = | wheel_rpm =  | equipment_maker = | date_of_equipping = | no_of_looms = | cotton_count = | scutchers = | carding_engines = | doublers = | kiers = | other_equipment = | mule_frames = | ring_frames =  | references = }}'''Haarlem Mill''', on the River Ecclesbourne in Wirksworth, Derbyshire, was an early cotton mill. Built by Richard Arkwright, it was the first cotton mill in the world to use a steam engine, though this was used to supplement the supply of water to the mill's water wheel, not to drive the machinery directly.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fitton|1989|p=57}}; {{Harvnb|Tann|1979|p=248}}</ref>

The site of the mill, including an older corn mill, was leased by Arkwright in 1777. Construction of the mill building in brick and stone was completed by June 1780, and the reported death of a young man attempting to climb on the water wheel suggests that it was operational at this date.<ref name="fittonp57">{{Harvnb|Fitton|1989|p=57}}</ref> After initially investigating the purchase of a steam engine from the Birmingham firm of Boulton and Watt,<ref name="Tannp248">{{Harvnb|Tann|1979|p=248}}</ref> Arkwright installed a reciprocating steam engine, probably manufactured by Francis Thompson of Ashover, to supplement the occasionally inadequate water supply.<ref name="fittonp57" /> This was a medium-sized engine with a {{convert|26|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} beam, an {{convert|18|ft|m|adj=mid|-diameter}} flywheel<ref name="fittonp57" /> a {{convert|30|in|mm|adj=mid|-diameter}} cylinder and a stroke of {{convert|5|ft}}.<ref name="Tannp248" /> Similar to engines commonly used at the time to pump out nearby mines, it operated 24 hours a day, powering two pumps.<ref name="Tannp248" />

By 1789 the mill was employing almost 200 people, but it was sold by Arkwright three years later.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fitton|1989|p=58}}</ref> The base of the original building survives, but the upper three floors have since been rebuilt.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Haarlem Mill|num=1335116|accessdate=14 August 2010}}</ref> The empty grade II* listed building was listed on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register but in 2018 was noted that a major phase of repair and conversion work had been completed. <ref>{{cite web |title=Haarlem Mill, Derby Road, Wirksworth - Derbyshire Dales |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/search-register/list-entry/49995 |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=3 February 2019 |archive-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065833/https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/heritage-at-risk/search-register/list-entry/49995 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Heritage at Risk 2018 - East Midlands |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/har-2018-registers/em-har-register2018/ |page=6|publisher=Historic England |accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref>

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *<cite>{{Citation|last=Fitton|first=R. S.|year=1989|title=The Arkwrights: spinners of fortune|location=Manchester|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-2646-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWW7AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=2010-08-14}}</cite> *<cite>{{Citation|last=Tann|first=Jennifer|title=Arkwright's Employment of Steam Power|journal=Business History|volume=21|issue=2|date=July 1979|pages=247–250| doi = 10.1080/00076797900000030}}</cite> {{refend}}

==External links== *"[https://www.haarlemmill.co.uk Haarlem Mill]", Official Website

Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Derbyshire Category:Grade II* listed industrial buildings Category:Watermills in Derbyshire Category:Textile mills completed in the 18th century Category:Cotton mills in Derbyshire Category:Wirksworth