{{Short description|Ming dynasty military officer (d. 1503)}} '''Ha Ming'''{{sfnp|Guida|2018|p=129}}{{efn|{{zh|c=哈铭|p=Hā Míng}}}} (d. 1503), name later changed to '''Yang Ming''',{{efn|{{zh|s=杨铭|t=楊銘|p=Yáng Míng}}}} was a Mongolian official and interpreter (translator) of the Ming dynasty.

==Biography== Ha Ming served a ''tongshi'' (interpreter) of the Ming dynasty, responsible for handling tributary affairs and diplomatic missions. During Emperor Yingzong's Zhengtong era, he and his father accompanied Commander Wu Liang ({{zhi|t=吳良}}) on a mission to the Oirat Mongols. The Oirat leader Esen detained them, citing grievances that Ming had previously "seized their envoys, reduced rewards, and curtailed trade". Ha Ming and the other detainees were divided among different Mongol tribes and forced into labor.<ref name="Thepaper">{{Cite web |last=Deng |first=Tao |date=26 November 2018 |title=乱世遇忠臣：明英宗和蒙古人哈铭的患难之交 |trans-title=Loyalty in Troubled Times: Ming Yingzong and the Mongol Ha Ming's Bond in Adversity |url=https://thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2529527 |access-date=23 August 2025 |publisher=The Paper |language=zh}}</ref>

In 1449, during the Tumu Crisis, Emperor Yingzong was captured by the Oirats and taken north. At that time, only Yuan Bin and Ha Ming remained by his side. Throughout the Emperor's arduous journey across deserts and mountains, Ha Ming attended to his needs and served as interpreter between Emperor Yingzong and Esen. His loyal protection of the Emperor aroused Esen's suspicion, while the eunuch Xi Ning ({{zhi|t=喜寧}}), who had defected to the Oirats and become Esen's confidant, repeatedly sought to harm both Ha Ming and Yuan Bin.{{sfnp|''History of Ming''|loc=vol. 167, p. 4509}}

In 1450, when Emperor Yingzong was allowed to return to Beijing, Ha Ming accompanied him and was rewarded with the imperial bestowal of the name Yang Ming.{{sfnp|''History of Ming''|loc=vol. 167, p. 4510}} In 1457, he was appointed Assistant Commander of the Embroidered Uniform Guard, and in 1461 he distinguished himself in the suppression of Cao Qin's rebellion, earning promotion to Vice Commander. In 1466, he again played a major role in quelling Liu Tong's peasant rebellion, and in the following year was elevated to Commander of the Embroidered Uniform Guard.{{sfnp|''Guochao diangu''|loc=vol. 28, p. 458}} Thereafter, he was repeatedly dispatched as an envoy to the Mongolian steppe and other regions north of the Great Wall.{{sfnp|''History of Ming''|loc=vol. 167, p. 4510}}

In 1487, when the Hongzhi Emperor ascended the throne and launched a purge of officials who had risen through irregular means, Ha Ming was spared dismissal owing to his loyal service and proven accomplishments on the frontier. He continued in office until his death in 1503.{{sfnp|''History of Ming''|loc=vol. 167, p. 4511}}

Ha Ming was also a writer. He authored two works, ''Zhengtong beishou shiji'' ({{zhi|t=正統北狩事跡}}) and ''Zhengtong linrong lu'' ({{zhi|t=正統臨戎錄}}),{{sfnp|''History of Ming''|loc=vol. 97, p. 2383}} each in one volume, recording his experiences with Emperor Yingzong during the Emperor’s captivity among the Oirats.<ref name=Thepaper/>

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== ===Citations=== {{Reflist}}

===Works cited=== {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Deng |first=Shilong |title=Guochao diangu |publisher=Peking University Press |year=1993 |isbn=7-301-00870-8 |location=Beijing |language=lzh |script-title=zh:國朝典故 |trans-title=The Literary Allusions of the Country |ref={{harvid|Guochao diangu}}}} * {{Cite journal |last=Guida |first=Donatella |year=2018 |title=Aliens and Emperors: Faithful Mongolian Officials in the Ming History |url=https://unora.unior.it/retrieve/dfd1bedd-4960-d55a-e053-3705fe0af723/Aliens%20and%20Emperors-%20MQYJ%2022.02.pdf |journal=Ming Qing Yanjiu |volume=22 |pages=119–135}} * {{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Tingyu |author-link=Zhang Tingyu |title=Ming Shi |publisher=Zhonghua Book |year=1974 |isbn=7101003273 |location=Beijing |language=lzh |script-title=zh:明史 |trans-title=History of Ming |ref={{harvid|History of Ming}} |orig-year=1739}} {{Refend}}

==Further reading== * {{Cite journal |last=Lin |first=Huan |year=2012 |title=大明皇帝在蒙古草原的奇遇 |trans-title=The Ming Emperor's Adventure on the Mongolian Grasslands |url=https://www.dpm.org.cn/court/talk/252573.html |journal=Forbidden City |language=zh |issue=12 |pages=18–29}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ha, Ming}} Category:Ming dynasty government officials Category:15th-century births Category:1503 deaths