{{Short description|Hebrew-language newspaper}} {{Infobox newspaper | name = HaLevanon | image = Halvanon22.jpg | type = Magazine | founder = Yehiel Bril, Michal HaCohen, Yoel Moshe Salomon | founded = {{Start date and age|1863}} | language = Hebrew | ceased_publication = {{Start date and age|1886}} | publishing_city = Jerusalem (1863 - c. 1865) <br> Paris (c. 1865 - 1870s) <br> Mainz (1870s - 1880s) <br> London (1880s - 1886) | free = {{URL|https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/hlb}} }}
'''''HaLevanon''''' ({{langx|he|הלבנון||The Lebanon}}) was the first Hebrew-language newspaper to be published in Palestine.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krämer |first=Gudrun |title=Geschichte Palästinas |publisher=C. H. Beck |year=2008 |isbn=9780691118970 |pages=35-36, 120-125 |language= |trans-title='A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel'}}</ref> Published between 1863 and 1886, its chief editor was {{Interlanguage link|Yehiel Bril|he|יחיאל ברי"ל}}. ''HaLevanon'' was at various points in time published in Jerusalem, Paris, Mainz and London, and achieved significance as the first newspaper published in the Land of Israel, an area of significance in Jewish religious thought and discourse.
== History == [[File:Israeli stamps 1963 - Halvanon.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|''HaLevanon'' commemorative stamp, issued in 1963]] ''HaLevanon'' was established in Jerusalem in early 1863 by {{Interlanguage link|Yehiel Bril|he|יחיאל ברי"ל}}, Michal HaCohen and Yoel Moshe Salomon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Aderet |first=Ofer |date=2013-03-02 |title=הלבנון, מהדורת הדיגיטל |language=he |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/education/2013-03-02/ty-article/0000017f-db26-df9c-a17f-ff3e1b220000 |access-date=2023-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Frantzman |first=Seth J. |date=2 Dec 2011 |title=An exhibition and a reunion |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/913248541 |work=The Jerusalem Post |pages=24}}</ref> The paper originated from an effort by Jerusalem's Misnagdim to reduce their reliance on Yisrael Bak's Hasidic-aligned printing house, which resulted in Salomon and HaCohen studying printing at Königsberg, before conceiving ''HaLevanon'' upon their return. They subsequently established their own printing house at Nahalat Shiv'a and began its publication.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
The paper was shut down by Ottoman authorities in December 1863 after being reported to them by Bak, who edited rival paper ''Havatzelet''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bar-Am |first=Aviva and Shmuel |date=1 February 2014 |title=Nahalat Shiva, a little kingdom outside the walls |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/nahalat-shiva-a-little-kingdom-outside-the-walls/ |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
Beginning in 1865, Bril re-established ''HaLevanon'' in Paris as a bi-weekly magazine.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=הלבנון |url=http://www.the7eye.org.il/lexicon/47325 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=HaAyin HaShevi'it |date=7 January 2007 |language=he-IL}}</ref> Three years later, it began to be published on a weekly basis.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} Publication ceased in September 1870 after Bril left Paris to escape the Franco-Prussian War.<ref name=":1" />
In August 1871, Bril and Marcus Lehmann resumed ''HaLevanon''<nowiki/>'s publication in Mainz, this time as a weekly supplement to ''Der Israelit''. The two editors cut ties in July 1881 and Ha-Levanon continued to be published as an independent newspaper until 1882, when in the aftermath of the 1881–1882 Pogroms in Russia Bril helped Jewish farmers from Russia move to Ottoman Palestine to establish the settlement of Ekron,<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Yair |date=2021-10-20 |title=היום בהיסטוריה: יום הזיכרון לרב יחיאל ברי"ל מייסד מזכרת בתיה |url=https://www.srugim.co.il/609360-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%91%d7%94%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%98%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%94-%d7%99%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%96%d7%99%d7%9b%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%9c%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%99%d7%a1%d7%93-%d7%9e%d7%96%d7%9b |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Srugim |language=he}}</ref> which later became Mazkeret Batya.
In June 1886, Bril resumed ''HaLevanon''{{'}}s publication in London.<ref name=":1" /> The paper was discontinued later that year following Bril's death.<ref name=":0" />
== Kvod HaLevanon == ''HaLevanon'' included a supplement called ''Kvod HaLevanon''.<ref name=":1" /> It acted as a journal for ''halakha'' (Jewish law), alongside publications in the field of Wissenschaft des Judentums.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
== See also == * Mass media in Israel
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * ''[http://web.nli.org.il/sites/JPress/Hebrew/Pages/ha_lebanon.aspx HaLevanon]'' at the National Library of Israel
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Category:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Jerusalem Category:Haredi Judaism in Jerusalem Category:Defunct Hebrew-language newspapers Category:Orthodox Judaism in Paris Category:Yishuv newspapers Category:Newspapers established in 1863 Category:Newspapers disestablished in the 1880s Category:Publications disestablished in 1886 Category:Defunct newspapers published in France Category:Defunct newspapers published in Germany Category:Defunct weekly newspapers Category:Defunct newspapers published in Jerusalem