HMS H28

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}} {{Use British English|date=December 2016}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = HMS H28 IWM SP 2556.jpg | image_caption = }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career | hide_header = | country = United Kingdom | flag = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}} | name = ''H28'' | namesake = | ordered = | builder = [[Vickers Limited]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]] | yard_number = | laid_down = 18 March 1917 | launched = 12 March 1918 | acquired = | commissioned = 29 June 1918 | decommissioned = | in_service = | out_of_service = | struck = | reinstated = | fate = Scrapped, 18 August 1944 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = | class = [[British H-class submarine|H-class]] [[submarine]] | displacement = *{{convert|423|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} surfaced *{{convert|510|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged | length = {{convert|171|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} | beam = {{convert|15|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}} | draught = | propulsion = *1 × {{convert|480|hp|0|abbr=on}} [[diesel engine]] *2 × {{convert|620|hp|0|abbr=on}} [[electric motor]]s | speed = *{{convert|11.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced *{{convert|9|kn}} submerged | range = *{{convert|2985|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7.5|kn|abbr=on}} surfaced *{{convert|130|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn|abbr=on}} submerged | endurance = | test_depth = | complement = 22 | sensors = | EW = | armament = *4 × {{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} bow [[torpedo tube]]s *8 × [[British 21-inch torpedo|21-inch torpedoes]]

| notes = }} }} '''HMS ''H28''''' was a [[British H-class submarine]] built by [[Vickers Limited]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]], as part of the Batch 3 H-class submarines. She was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 18 March 1917 and was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 29 June 1918. ''H28'' was the only British submarine to see active service in both World Wars, and was finally [[Ship breaking|scrapped]] in 1944.

==Design== Like all post-''H20'' [[British H-class submarine]]s, ''H28'' had a [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] of {{convert|423|LT|t|lk=on}} at the surface and {{convert|510|LT|t}} while submerged.<ref name="batcru">{{cite book |last1=Gardiner |first1=Robert |last2=Gray |first2=Robert |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 |date=1985 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-245-5 |page=92}}</ref> It had a total length of {{convert|171|ft|m}},<ref name="Walters2004">{{cite book|first=Derek |last=Walters|title=The History of the British 'U' Class Submarine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VyeJ9DOXcOAC&pg=PA2|year=2004|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=978-1-84415-131-8|pages=2–}}</ref> a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|15|ft|4|in}}, and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|12|m|ftin|order=flip}}.<ref name="Colledge"/> It contained [[diesel engine]]s providing a total power of {{convert|480|hp|lk=in}} and two electric motors each providing {{convert|320|hp}}.<ref name="Colledge">{{Colledge: Ships RN|year=2006}} Retrieved from [http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishShips-Dittmar3WarshipsA.htm#10 Naval-History] on 20 August 2015.</ref> The use of its electric motors made the submarine travel at {{convert|11|kn|lk=in}}. It would normally carry {{convert|16.4|LT|t}} of fuel and had a maximum capacity of {{convert|18|LT|t}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/hpatsubs.htm|title=Building History and Technical Details for Canadian CC-Boats and the Original H-CLASS|publisher=Electric Boat Company Holland Patent Submarines|first=J. D. |last=Perkins|year=1999|access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref>

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|13|kn|km/h mph}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|10.5|kn|km/h mph}}. Post-''H20'' British H-class submarines had ranges of {{convert|2985|nmi|lk=in}} at speeds of {{convert|7.5|kn|km/h mph}} when surfaced.<ref name="batcru"/><ref name="Colledge"/> ''H28'' was fitted with an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft gun]] and four {{convert|21|in|adj=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s. Its torpedo tubes were fitted to the [[Bow (watercraft)|bow]] and the submarine was loaded with eight 21-inch torpedoes.<ref name="batcru"/> It is a [[Holland 602 type submarine]] but was designed to meet Royal Navy specifications. Its [[Ship's company|complement]] was twenty-two crew members.<ref name="batcru"/>

==Service== Following her commissioning, ''H28'' saw active service in the final months of the [[First World War]] with the [[8th Submarine Flotilla]], based at [[Great Yarmouth]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/fdrn0007.htm |title=Royal Navy Submarine Disposition, November 1918 |last=Watson |first=Graham |date=30 December 2000 |website=www.gwpda.org |publisher=The Great War Primary Documents Archive |access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> In 1919, she joined the [[3rd Submarine Flotilla]] based at [[Portsmouth]],<ref name="naval-history1">{{cite web |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xGW-RNOrganisation1919-39.htm#9 |title=BETWEEN THE WARS: ROYAL NAVY ORGANISATION AND SHIP DEPLOYMENTS 1919-1939: 9. SUBMARINE DEPLOYMENT 1919-1939 |last=Watson |first=Graham |date=2 September 2015 |website=www.naval-history.net |publisher=Naval-History.Net |access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> however, the flotilla deployed to the [[Baltic Sea]] in September 1919 under Captain [[Max Horton]] as part of the [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]], where they remained until the sea froze over, returning to Britain on 2 January 1920.<ref>Wright 2017, p. 376</ref> The flotilla relocated to [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]] in 1922. In 1927, ''H28'' transferred to the [[5th Submarine Flotilla]] at [[Gosport]], where she was listed as being in reserve the following year, active in 1933 and in reserve again in 1938.<ref name="naval-history1"/> During one of her periods of active service, during a visit by her flotilla to [[Ghent]], ''H28'' collided with the British [[Steamship|steamer]] ''Vale of Mowbray'' in the [[Ghent–Terneuzen Canal]] on 28 May 1929. Both ships sustained minor damage, with ''H28'' damaged above the waterline.<ref>{{cite news |title=News in Brief: Submarine in Collision with Steamer |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=29 May 1929 |issue=45215 |page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Casualty Reports (from Lloyd's) |newspaper=The Times |date=29 May 1929 |issue=45215 |page=26}}</ref><ref>Hutchinson 2001, p. 49</ref>

''H28'' was reactivated at the start of the [[Second World War]], making her the only British submarine to see front line service in both conflicts.<ref>McCartney 2006, p. 18</ref> In 1939, she was still listed with the 5th Submarine Flotilla in the training role at Gosport,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-3909-04RN.htm |title=ROYAL NAVY SHIPS, SEPTEMBER 1939 |last=Watson |first=Graham |date=2 September 2015 |website=www.naval-history.net |publisher=Naval-History.Net |access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> but following a refit at [[Sheerness]], joined other H-class submarines at [[Harwich]] in September 1940. Joining ''H28'' at this time was Sub-Lieutenant [[Edward Preston Young]], who was the first [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]] (RNVR) officer ever to be admitted to the [[Royal Navy Submarine Service|Submarine Service]].<ref>Young 1997, p. 28</ref> Following the [[Battle of France|fall of France]] in June 1940, these training submarines undertook operational patrols in the North Sea as an [[British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War|anti-invasion precaution]]. On 11 October 1940, ''H28'' commanded by Lieutenant E A Woodward, unsuccessfully fired four torpedoes at a small enemy merchant ship off the Netherlands coast,<ref name ="Hezlet2001">Hezlet 2001, Chapter 6</ref> and subsequently escaped after being [[Depth charge|depth-charged]] by escort vessels.<ref>Young 1997, pp. 39-40</ref> Following the loss of {{HMS|H49||2}} shortly afterwards, operational patrols by the other H-class submarines were suspended, and the flotilla moved to [[Rothesay]] on the [[River Clyde]] in December 1940 to resume training duties. These included giving new officers and ratings seagoing experience, as well as providing live targets for escort vessels practicing anti-submarine techniques.<ref>Young 1997, pp. 41-43</ref>

On 18 August 1944 ''H28'' was sold for demolition, and then broken up at [[Troon]], Scotland.<ref name="Colledge" />

==See also== * [[List of submarines of the Second World War]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book |last=Hezlet |first=Arthur Richard |author-link=Arthur Hezlet |date=2001 |title=British and allied submarine operations in World War II |url=https://www.rnsubmusfriends.org.uk/hezlet/volume1/chapter6.htm |location=Gosport |publisher=Royal Navy Submarine Museum |isbn=978-0952669616}} * {{cite book|last=Hutchinson|first=Robert|year=2001|title=Jane's Submarines: War Beneath the Waves|location=London|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0-00710558-4|page=49}} * {{cite book |last=McCartney |first=Innes |date=2006 |title=British Submarines 1939–45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaWdCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1846030079}} * {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Damien |date=2017 |title=Churchill's Secret War with Lenin: British And Commonwealth Military Intervention In The Russian Civil War, 1918-20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYiWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA376 |location=Warwick |publisher=Helion and Company |isbn=978-1911512103}} * {{cite book |last=Young |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Preston Young |date=1997 |title=One of Our Submarines |location=Ware, Hertfordshire |publisher=Wordsworth Editions |isbn=978-1853266812}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:H28}} [[Category:British H-class submarines]] [[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]] [[Category:1918 ships]] [[Category:World War I submarines of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:World War II submarines of the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Royal Navy ship names]]