Hiriq

{{Short description|Hebrew niqqud vowel sign}} {{redirect|Chiriq|the citadel in northwestern Iran|Chehriq}} {{Unreferenced|date=June 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}} {{Expand Hebrew|date=June 2026}} {| align="right" class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |{{center|'''{{Transliteration|he|Ḥiriq}}'''}} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:white;height:100px"|{{Script/Hebrew|ִ}} |- | IPA | style="background:white" |Hebrew: {{IPA link|i}} Yiddish: {{IPA link|ɪ}} |- | Transliteration | style="background:white" |i |- | English approximation | style="background:white" |Hebrew: sk'''i''' Yiddish: sk'''i'''p |- | colspan="2" |{{center|{{Transliteration|he|Ḥiriq}} Example}} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:white"|{{Script/Hebrew|1=נִקּוּד}} |- | colspan="2" style="width:250px;background:white" | {{center|The word niqqud in Hebrew. The first vowel (under Nun, the dot underneath) is a {{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq}} itself.}} |- | colspan="2" |{{center|{{Transliteration|he|Ḥiriq male}} Example}} |- | colspan="2" align="center" style="background:white"|{{Script/Hebrew|1=תִּינוֹק}} |- | colspan="2" style="width:250px;background:white" | {{center|The word "baby" in Hebrew with niqqud. Notice the additional Yud {{angle bracket|{{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo|יִ}}}}.}}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Other Niqqud |- | colspan="2" style="width:250px;background:white"|{{center|Shva{{·}}Hiriq{{·}}Tzere{{·}}Segol{{·}}Patach{{·}}Kamatz{{·}}Holam{{·}}Dagesh{{·}}Mappiq{{·}}Shuruk{{·}}Kubutz{{·}}Rafe{{·}}Sin/Shin Dot}} |} '''Hiriq''', also called '''Chirik''' ({{langx|he|חִירִיק}} ''{{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq}}''  {{IPA|he|χiˈʁik|IPA}}) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a single dot {{angle bracket| {{Script/Hebrew|ִ}} }} underneath the letter. In Modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme {{IPAslink|i}} which is similar to the "ee" sound in the English word ''d'''ee'''p'' and is transliterated with "i". In Yiddish, it indicates the phoneme {{IPAslink|ɪ}} which is the same as the "i" sound in the English word ''sk'''i'''p'' and is transliterated with "i".

== Spelling == When writing with niqqud, the letter ''yud'' {{angle bracket|{{Script/Hebrew|י}}}} is often written after the letter that carries the Hiriq sign. This is called '''{{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq male}}''' ({{langx|he|חִירִיק מָלֵא}} {{IPA|he|χiˈʁik maˈle|IPA}}), meaning "full" (or "plene") hiriq. In writing without niqqud, the letter yud is added more often as a mater lectionis, than in writing with niqqud, The main exception is the "i" vowel in a syllable that ends with shva naḥ. For example the words {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סִדְרָה}} (series) and {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סִדְּרָה}} (she organized) are pronounced identically in modern Hebrew, but in spelling without niqqud {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סִדְרָה}} is written {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סדרה}} because there is a shva naḥ on the letter {{Script/Hebr|ד}}, and {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סִדְּרָה}} is written {{lang|he|rtl=yes|סידרה}}.

In Yiddish orthography the ''{{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq}}'' is placed under the ''yud'' {{angle bracket|{{Script/Hebrew|יִ}}}}.

==Pronunciation== The following table contains the pronunciation and transliteration of the different Hiriqs in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet.

The letter Bet {{angle bracket|{{Script/Hebrew|ב}}}} used in this table is only for demonstration, any letter can be used. {|class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan=3 | Symbol ! rowspan=3 | Name !! colspan=7 | Pronunciation |- !! rowspan=2 | Israeli !! rowspan=2 | Ashkenazi !! rowspan=2 | Sephardi !! rowspan=2 | Yemenite !! rowspan=2 | Tiberian !! colspan=2 | Reconstructed |- ! Mishnaic !! Biblical |- | align="center" style="font-family:Arial Unicode;font-size:200%" | {{Script/Hebrew|בִ}} |Hiriq | {{IPAblink|i}} || {{IPAblink|i}} || {{IPA|[i, iː]}} || {{IPAblink|i}} || {{IPA|[i, iː]}} || ? || {{Ipa|[ɪ]}} |- | align="center" style="font-family:Arial Unicode;font-size:200%" | {{Script/Hebrew|בִי}} |''{{Transliteration|he|Ḥiriq male}}'' (Also called, ''{{Transliteration|he|Ḥiriq Yud}}'') | {{IPAblink|i}} || {{IPA|[iː]}} || {{IPA|[iː]}} || {{IPA|[iː]}} || {{IPA|[iː]}} || ? || {{Ipa|[iː]}} |- |}

==Vowel length comparison== These vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew. In addition, the short ''i'' is usually promoted to a long ''i'' in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. {| class="wikitable" |- !! colspan=6 | Vowel comparison table |- align=center !! colspan=3 | Vowel Length !! rowspan=2 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Transliteration !! rowspan=2 | English approximation |- ! Long ! Short ! Very Short |- align=center |style="font-size:26px"| {{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo| ִ י}}}} |style="font-size:26px"| {{Script/Hebrew|ִ}} |''n/a'' | {{IPAblink|i}} || i | sk'''i''' |- |}

{| class="wikitable" |- !! colspan=6 | Yiddish orthography style |- align=center !! colspan=3 | Vowel !! rowspan=2 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Transliteration !! rowspan=2 | English approximation |- ! colspan=3 | ''No length distinction'' |- align=center |style="font-size:26px" colspan=3| {{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo|יִ}}}} | {{IPAblink|ɪ}} || i | sk'''i'''p |- |}

'''Note:''' In Yiddish orthography only, the glyph, ''{{Transliteration|he|yud-ḥiriq}}'' ({{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo|יִ}}}}{{not a typo|&hairsp;}}), pronounced {{IPA|/i/}}, can be optionally used, rather than typing ''{{Transliteration|he|yud}}'' then ''{{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq}}'' ({{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo|יִ}}}}). In Hebrew spelling this would be pronounced {{IPA|/ji/}}.  {{IPA|/i/}} is written ''{{Transliteration|he|ḥiriq}}'' under the previous letter then ''{{Transliteration|he|yud}}'' ({{Script/Hebrew|{{not a typo| ִ י}}}}).

==Computer encoding== {| class="wikitable" ! Glyph ! Unicode ! Name |- |{{Script/Hebrew|ִ}} |U+05B4 |HIRIQ |- |}

Category:Niqqud