HD 80606 b

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} {{Short description|Eccentric hot Jupiter in the constellation Ursa Major}} {{Infobox planet | name = HD 80606 b | image = Exoplanet Comparison HD 80606 b.gif | caption = Computer simulation of weather systems on HD 80606 b, to scale with Jupiter  | discovery_ref = <ref name="Naef2001" /> | discoverer = Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search | discovery_site = Haute-Provence Observatory | discovered = 4 April 2001<ref name="eso0114" /> | discovery_method = Radial velocity   | orbit_ref = <ref name=Pearson2022/> | apsis = astron | aphelion = {{convert|0.8892|AU|km|abbr=on}} | perihelion = {{convert|0.03138|AU|km|abbr=on}} | semimajor = {{convert|0.4603|±|0.0021|AU|km|abbr=on}} | eccentricity = {{val|0.93183|0.00014}} | period = {{val|111.436765|0.000074|ul=d}} | avg_speed = | inclination = {{val|89.24|0.01|u=deg}} | time_periastron = {{Val|2458882.344|0.0021|u=BJD}} | arg_peri = {{val|−58.887|0.043|u=deg}} | semi-amplitude = {{val|469.22|0.61|ul=m/s}} | star = HD 80606  | physical_ref = | mean_radius = {{val|1.032|0.015|ul=Jupiter radius}}<ref name=Pearson2022/> | mass = {{val|4.1641|0.0047|ul=Jupiter mass}}<ref name=Pearson2022/> | density = {{val|5.06|0.38|0.35|ul=g/cm3}}<ref name="Bonomo2017" /> | surface_grav = 9.6 g<ref name="Bonomo2017" /> | rotation = {{val|93|85|35|ul=h}}<ref name="deWit2016" /> | single_temperature = <500 - 1400 K<ref name="deWit2016" />   }} '''HD 80606 b''' (also known as '''Struve 1341 Bb''' or '''HIP 45982 b''') is an eccentric hot Jupiter 217 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Ursa Major. HD 80606 b was discovered orbiting the star HD 80606 in April 2001 by a team led by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz.<ref name="eso0114" /> With a mass 4 times that of Jupiter, it is a gas giant. Because the planet transits the host star its radius can be determined using the transit method, and was found to be about the same as Jupiter's. Its density is slightly less than Earth's.<ref name="fossey2009" /> It has an extremely eccentric orbit like a comet, with its orbit taking it very close to its star and then back out very far away from it every 111 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2016 |title=Investigating the Mystery of Migrating 'Hot Jupiters' |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/investigating-the-mystery-of-migrating-hot-jupiters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324065920/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/investigating-the-mystery-of-migrating-hot-jupiters |archive-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory}}</ref>

== Discovery == The variable radial velocity of HD 80606 was first noticed in 1999 from observations with the 10-m Keck 1 telescope at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii by the G-Dwarf Planet Search, a survey of nearly 1000 nearby G dwarfs to identify extrasolar planet candidates. The star was then followed up by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search team using the ELODIE spectrograph mounted on the 1.93-m telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory. The discovery of HD 80606 b was announced on 4 April 2001.<ref name="eso0114" /><ref name="Naef2001" />

The transit was detected using a Celestron 35-cm Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope at the UCL Observatory.<ref name="fossey2009" /> Prior to the large data release of the Kepler Mission in February 2011, HD 80606 b had the longest orbital period of any known transiting planet. It takes 12.1 hours to transit its star.

The transit of 14 January 2010 was partially observed by MOST; but there were equipment failures over part of this time, and the 8 January secondary transit was entirely lost.<ref name="roberts2012" /> The midpoint of the next transit was 1 February 2013 11:37 UT.<ref>[http://var2.astro.cz/ETD/predict_detail.php?STARNAME=HD80606&PLANET=b&PER=&M= HD 80606 Transit Times – Variable Star and Exoplanets]</ref>

== Physical properties == thumb|left|{{center|Orbital motion of HD 80606 b.}} [[File:PIA20066-HD80606b-animation-20160328.webm|thumb|200px|left|{{center|HD 80606 b – animation (01:28) (28 March 2016).}}]] HD 80606 b has the most eccentric orbit of any known planet after HD 20782 b. Its eccentricity is 0.9336, comparable to Halley's Comet. The eccentricity may be a result of the Kozai mechanism, which would occur if the planet's orbit is significantly inclined to that of the binary stars. This interpretation is supported by measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, which indicate that the planet's orbit may be significantly inclined (by 42{{±|8}}°)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albrecht |first=Simon |display-authors=etal |date=30 August 2012 |title=Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=757 |issue=1 |page=18 |arxiv=1206.6105 |bibcode=2012ApJ...757...18A |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/18 |issn=0004-637X |s2cid=17174530}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pont |first=F. |display-authors=etal |date=August 2009 |title=Spin-orbit misalignment in the HD 80606 planetary system |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=502 |issue=2 |pages=695–703 |arxiv=0906.5605 |bibcode=2009A&A...502..695P |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200912463 |issn=0004-6361 |s2cid=55219971}}</ref> to the rotational axis of the star, a configuration which would be expected if the Kozai mechanism were responsible for the orbit.<ref name="moutou2009" />

As a result of this high eccentricity, the planet's distance from its star varies from 0.03 to 0.88 AU. At apastron it would receive an insolation similar to that of Earth, while at periastron the insolation would be around 800 times greater, far more than that experienced by Mercury in the Solar System. In 2009, the eclipse of HD 80606 b by its parent star was detected, allowing measurements of the planet's temperature to be made as the planet passed through periastron. These measurements indicated that the temperature rose from around {{cvt|800|K|C F}} to {{cvt|1500|K|C F}} in just 6 hours.<ref name="laughlin2009" />

An observer above the cloud tops of the gas giant would see the parent star swell to 30 times the apparent size of the Sun in our own sky.<ref name="RAS" />

The planet's rotation period has been measured to be {{val|93|85|35}} hours, longer than the predicted pseudo-synchronous rotation period of 40 hours.<ref name="deWit2016" />

== Weather == The planet has wild variations in its weather as it orbits its parent star. Computer models predict the planet heats up {{convert|555|K|C F|-1|abbr=on|lk=on}} in just a matter of hours, triggering "shock wave storms" that ripple out from the point facing its star, with winds that move at around {{convert|5|km/s|mi/s mph|abbr=out}}.<ref name="laughlin2009" /><ref name="hothothot"/> {{clear}}

== References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="eso0114">{{cite press release | title=Exoplanets: The Hunt Continues! | date=4 April 2001 | publisher=European Southern Observatory | location=Garching, Germany | url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0114/ | accessdate=27 December 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="Naef2001">{{Cite journal |last=Naef |first=D. |display-authors=etal |date=August 2001 |title=HD 80606 b, a planet on an extremely elongated orbit |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=375 |issue=2 |pages=L27–L30 |arxiv=astro-ph/0106256 |bibcode=2001A&A...375L..27N |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010853 |issn=0004-6361 |s2cid=14433784}}</ref>

<ref name="laughlin2009">{{Cite journal |last=Laughlin |first=Gregory |display-authors=etal |date=January 2009 |title=Rapid heating of the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet |journal=Nature |volume=457 |issue=7229 |pages=562–564 |bibcode=2009Natur.457..562L |doi=10.1038/nature07649 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=19177124 |s2cid=4321053}}</ref>

<ref name="moutou2009">{{Cite journal |last=Moutou |first=C. |display-authors=etal |date=April 2009 |title=Photometric and spectroscopic detection of the primary transit of the 111-day-period planet HD 80 606 b |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=498 |issue=1 |pages=L5–L8 |arxiv=0902.4457 |bibcode=2009A&A...498L...5M |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200911954 |issn=0004-6361 |s2cid=14625359}}</ref>

<ref name=Pearson2022>{{Cite journal |last=Pearson |first=Kyle A. |last2=Beichman |first2=Charles |last3=Fulton |first3=B. J. |last4=Esposito |first4=Thomas M. |last5=Zellem |first5=Robert T. |last6=Ciardi |first6=David R. |last7=Rolfness |first7=Jonah |last8=Engelke |first8=John |last9=Fatahi |first9=Tamim |last10=Zimmerman-Brachman |first10=Rachel |last11=Avsar |first11=Arin |last12=Bhalerao |first12=Varun |last13=Boyce |first13=Pat |last14=Bretton |first14=Marc |last15=Burnett |first15=Alexandra D. |date=November 2022 |title=Utilizing a Global Network of Telescopes to Update the Ephemeris for the Highly Eccentric Planet HD 80606 b and to Ensure the Efficient Scheduling of JWST |journal=The Astronomical Journal |language=en |volume=164 |issue=5 |pages=178 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac8dee |doi-access=free|bibcode=2022AJ....164..178P |issn=0004-6256|hdl=10150/673278 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="fossey2009">{{Cite journal |last=Fossey |first=Stephen J. |last2=Waldmann |first2=Ingo P. |last3=Kipping |first3=David M. |date=June 2009 |title=Detection of a transit by the planetary companion of HD 80606 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=396 |issue=1 |pages=L16–L20 |arxiv=0902.4616 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.396L..16F |doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00653.x |issn=1745-3933 |s2cid=2709427 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="RAS">{{Cite press release |title=RAS PN 09/23 (NAM 10): London students find Jupiter-sized oddball planet |date=21 April 2009 |publisher=The Royal Astronomical Society |url=http://www.ras.org.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1601&Itemid=2 |last1=Massey |first1=Robert |last2=Heward |first2=Anita |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716073650/http://www.ras.org.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1601&Itemid=2 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |name-list-style=amp |accessdate=15 July 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="hothothot">{{cite news|title=Exoplanet Sees Extreme Heat Waves|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090128-hot-planet.html|publisher=Space.com|date=28 January 2009|access-date=29 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603003726/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090128-hot-planet.html|archive-date=3 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="roberts2012">{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Jessica E. |display-authors=etal |date=2013 |title=MOST Space Telescope Photometry of the 2010 January Transit of Extrasolar Planet HD80606b |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=762 |issue=1 |page=55 |arxiv=1212.0285 |bibcode=2013ApJ...762...55R |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/55 |issn=0004-637X |s2cid=119251752}}</ref>

<ref name="deWit2016">{{Cite journal |last=de Wit |display-authors=etal |date=April 2016 |title=Direct Measure of Radiative and Dynamical Properties of an Exoplanet Atmosphere |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=820 |issue=2 |pages=L33 |arxiv=1606.01105 |bibcode=2016ApJ...820L..33D |doi=10.3847/2041-8205/820/2/L33 |issn=2041-8205 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Bonomo2017">{{Cite journal |last=Bonomo |first=A. S. |display-authors=etal |date=June 2017 |title=The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG: XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=602 |pages=A107 |arxiv=1704.00373 |bibcode=2017A&A...602A.107B |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201629882 |issn=0004-6361 |s2cid=118923163}}</ref>

}}

== External links == {{commons category-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111025043742/http://www.sciencefriday.com/program/archives/200901303 Heating Up on a Distant Planet (ScienceFriday)]

Category:Ursa Major Category:Giant planets Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2001 Category:Exoplanets detected by radial velocity Category:Transiting exoplanets

HD 80606 b

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