{{Short description|Star with six sub-Neptune sized planets in the constellation Coma Berenices}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Sky|12|39|21.50369|+|20|01|40.0360|100}} {{Starbox begin | name = HD 110067 }} {{Starbox observe | epoch = J2000 | constell = [[Coma Berenices]]<ref>{{cite constellation|HD 110067}}</ref> | ra = {{RA|12|39|21.50369}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | dec = {{DEC|+20|01|40.0360}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | appmag_v = 8.43<ref name=yoss1997/> }} {{Starbox character | type = [[Main sequence]]<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | class = K0V<ref name=yoss1997/> }} {{Starbox astrometry | radial_v = {{val|-8.56|0.13}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/> | prop_mo_ra = −81.703 | prop_mo_dec = −104.532 | pm_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/> | parallax = 31.0369 | p_error = 0.0222 | parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/> | absmag_v = +5.96<ref name=holmberg2009/> }} {{Starbox detail | source = <ref name=Luque2023/> | mass = {{val|0.798|0.042}} | radius = {{val|0.788|0.008}} | luminosity = 0.408<ref name=reiners2020/> | gravity = {{val|4.54|0.03}} | temperature = {{val|5266|64}} | metal_fe = {{val|−0.20|0.04}} | rotation = | rotational_velocity = {{val|2.5|1.0}} | age_gyr = {{val|8.1|4.0}} }} {{Starbox catalog | names = {{odlist | BD = +20 2748 | HD = 110067 | SAO = 82424 | TIC = 347332255 | TOI = 1835 | TYC = 1448-433-1}}<ref name=SIMBAD/> }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = HD+110067 | NSTED = HD 110067 | EPE = HD+110067 }} {{Starbox end}}
'''HD 110067''' is a star with six known [[sub-Neptune]] [[exoplanet]]s (b, c, d, e, f, g) with radii ranging from {{earth radius|1.94|link=y}} to {{earth radius|2.85}}. The planets orbit the host star in a rhythmic [[orbital resonance]]. The star, and related planetary system, is located 105 [[light-year]]s away in the constellation [[Coma Berenices]].<ref name=Luque2023/><ref name=SCI-20231129>{{cite news |last=Clery |first=Daniel |date=19 November 2023 |title=Astronomers stunned by six-planet system frozen in time - Undisturbed family of "sub-Neptunes" in rhythmic orbits could hold clues to planet formation |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |doi=10.1126/science.ze93fui |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/astronomers-stunned-six-planet-system-frozen-time |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231129211552/https://www.science.org/content/article/astronomers-stunned-six-planet-system-frozen-time |archive-date=29 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20231129">{{cite news |last=Brennan |first=Pat |date=29 November 2023 |title=Watch the synchronized dance of a 6 planet system |department=Discovery Alert |website=[[NASA]].gov |url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1771/discovery-alert-watch-the-synchronized-dance-of-a-6-planet-system/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231130014226/https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1771/discovery-alert-watch-the-synchronized-dance-of-a-6-planet-system/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name=SA-20231130SK>{{cite news |last=Kathunur |first=Sharmila |date=30 November 2023 |title=Six-planet system in perfect harmony shocks scientists: Six "sub-Neptune" worlds locked in a delicate dance around a nearby star offer fresh insights for the orbital evolution of planetary systems |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/six-planet-system-in-perfect-harmony-shocks-scientists/ |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231130184222/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/six-planet-system-in-perfect-harmony-shocks-scientists/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name=AST-20231129>{{cite news |last=Klesman |first=Alison |date=29 November 2023 |title='Shocked and delighted': Astronomers find six planets orbiting in resonance – orbiting the brightest star ever found to host more than four planets, all have rocky or icy cores and extended atmosphere |magazine=[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy]] |url=https://www.astronomy.com/science/astronomers-find-six-planets-orbiting-in-resonance/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231130010841/https://www.astronomy.com/science/astronomers-find-six-planets-orbiting-in-resonance/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name=PBS-20231129>{{cite news |last=Dunn |first=Marcia |date=29 November 2023 |title=NASA satellites discovered a 6 planet solar system in perfect synchrony |series=[[PBS Newshour]] |website=[[PBS]].org |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/nasa-satellites-discovered-a-6-planet-solar-system-in-perfect-synchrony |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231130134802/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/nasa-satellites-discovered-a-6-planet-solar-system-in-perfect-synchrony |archive-date=30 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name=NYT-20231129>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |date=29 November 2023 |title=A star with six planets that orbit perfectly in sync. One hundred light years away, a handful of planets are circling a star in the same configuration as when they formed. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/29/science/star-six-planets-orbit-sync.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231129163140/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/29/science/star-six-planets-orbit-sync.html |archive-date=29 November 2023 }}</ref><ref name=BBC-20231129>{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Pallab |date=29 November 2023 |title='Perfect solar system' found in search for alien life |website=[[BBC]].com |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67488931 |access-date=29 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231129212406/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67488931 |archive-date=29 November 2023 }}</ref>
HD 110067 is part of a wide [[triple star system]], along with the [[spectroscopic binary]] system HD 110106.<ref name=Apps2023/>
==Description== HD 110067, located 105 [[light-years]] away in the constellation Coma Berenices, is orbited by six known sub-Neptune exoplanets (b, c, d, e, f, g) with radii ranging from {{Earth radius|1.94|link=y}} to {{Earth radius|2.85}}, and with densities (and solid cores) similar to that of [[gas giant]]s in the Solar System. None of the planets in the planetary system were found to be in the [[Planetary habitability|habitable zone]] for [[life]] as we know it.<ref name=PBS-20231129/>
==Discovery== The two innermost exoplanets orbiting HD 110067, a bright [[K-type main-sequence star|K0-type star]], were first detected by the [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]] ([[NASA]]) [[space telescope]], using the [[Methods of detecting exoplanets#Transit photometry|transit method]], in 2020. The remaining four exoplanets were later confirmed in 2023 as a result of additional observations using the [[CHEOPS]] ([[European Space Agency]]) space telescope.<ref name=NYT-20231129/>
==Scientific importance== On 29 November 2023, an international team of astronomers, led by Rafael Luque, astronomer from the [[University of Chicago]], published a review of the discovery in the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' entitled, "A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067".<ref name=Luque2023/> According to Luque, "It’s like looking at a fossil: The orbits of the planets today are the same as they were a billion years ago."<ref name=NYT-20231129/>
Further study of the HD 110067 planetary system may provide a better understanding of how the pattern of the planetary orbits in the [[Solar System]] arose, which once may have begun harmoniously, but later turned chaotic. The result, possibly, of a passing star or planet or some other [[astronomical object]] capable of disrupting the nascent harmonic orbital dynamics. Additionally, further studies of the system, including compositional studies of the planetary interiors and atmospheres, may also provide a better understanding of the conditions that potentially may support [[life]].<ref name=NYT-20231129/>
[[File:StarHD110067PlanetarySystem-20231130.jpg|thumb|center|500px|The six planets in the HD 110067 system are all smaller than Neptune, and revolve around their parent star in a very precise waltz: When the closest planet to the star makes three full revolutions around it, the second one makes exactly two during the same time; this is called a 3:2 resonance; the six planets form a resonant chain in pairs of 3:2, 3:2, 3:2, 4:3, and 4:3, resulting in the closest planet completing six orbits while the outer-most planet does one.<ref name=SA-20231130EdL/>]] {{clear}}
==Planetary system== Six known [[sub-Neptune]] [[exoplanet]]s (b, c, d, e, f, g) with planetary radii ranging from {{earth radius|1.94|link=y}} to {{earth radius|2.85}} from HD 110067, the host star. All planets are smaller than Neptune and have substantial atmospheres. The star and related planetary system are located 105 light years away, in the constellation [[Coma Berenices]]. Masses of all six of the planets in the system range from {{earth mass|3.9}} to {{earth mass|8.5|link=y}}. All of the planetary orbits in the HD 110067 system are closer to their star than distance between the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] and the [[Sun]].<ref name=Luque2023/><ref name=SCI-20231129/>
The planets orbit the host star in synchronized rhythms of [[orbital resonance]] (a rare 1 percent of such systems in the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]] have this symmetry): the innermost planet orbits three times for every two times for the next planet out – a so-called 3:2 resonance; this same 3:2 resonance also applies to the second and third planet, as well as to the third and fourth planet; whereas the fourth planet orbits four times for every three times for the fifth planet out – in a so-called 4:3 resonance; additionally, the penultimate fifth planet orbits the sixth planet out in this same 4:3 resonance. Further, the innermost planet completes six orbits in exactly the same time the outermost planet completes one orbit.<ref name=Luque2023/><ref name=SCI-20231129/><ref name=NASA-20231129/><ref name=SA-20231130SK/><ref name=AST-20231129/><ref name=PBS-20231129/><ref name=NYT-20231129/><ref name=BBC-20231129/> The resonance ratio for the entire system is 54:36:24:16:12:9.<ref name=Luque2023/><ref name=SCI-20231129/> {{clear}} {{Orbitbox planet begin | name = HD 110067 | table_ref = <ref name=Luque2023/> }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = b | mass_earth = {{val|5.69|1.78|1.82}} | radius_earth = {{val|2.200|0.030}} | semimajor = {{val|0.0793|0.00096}} | period = {{val|9.113678|(10)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.061|0.099}} }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = c | mass_earth = < 6.3 | radius_earth = {{val|2.388|0.036}} | semimajor = {{val|0.1039|0.0013}} | period = {{val|13.673694|(24)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.687|0.163}} }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = d | mass_earth = {{val|8.52|3.31|3.25}} | radius_earth = {{val|2.852|0.039}} | semimajor = {{val|0.1362|0.0017}} | period = {{val|20.519617|(40)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.248|0.046}} }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = e | mass_earth = < 3.9 | radius_earth = {{val|1.940|0.040}} | semimajor = {{val|0.1785|0.0022}} | period = {{val|30.793091|(12)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.867|0.089}} }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = f | mass_earth = {{val|5.04|1.89|1.94}} | radius_earth = {{val|2.601|0.042}} | semimajor = {{val|0.2163|0.0026}} | period = {{val|41.05854|(10)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.673|0.046}} }} {{Orbitbox planet | exoplanet = g | mass_earth = < 8.4 | radius_earth = {{val|2.607|0.052}} | semimajor = {{val|0.2621|0.0032}} | period = {{val|54.76992|(20)}} | eccentricity = | inclination = {{val|89.729|0.073}} }} {{Orbitbox end}}
{{clear}}
==See also== {{div col|colwidth=30}} * [[HD 10180]] – star with six known planets * [[Kepler-11]] – star with six Neptune-like planets * [[LHS 1140]] – star with a system of planets having an atmosphere * [[List of potentially habitable exoplanets]] * [[LP 890-9]] – second known coolest star with planets * [[Tabby's Star]] – star with notable transit data * [[TRAPPIST-1]] – star with a resonant chain of Earth-sized planets {{div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|25em|refs=
<ref name=Apps2023>{{cite journal |last1=Apps |first1=Kevin |last2=Luque |first2=Rafael |date=December 2023 |title=HD 110067 is a wide hierarchical triple system |journal=[[Research Notes of the AAS]] |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=12 |doi=10.3847/2515-5172/ad12d0 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2312.04599 }}</ref>
<ref name=GaiaDR3>{{cite Gaia DR3|3948424496764080640}}</ref>
<ref name=Luque2023>{{cite journal |last1=Luque |first1=R. |last2=Osborn |first2=H.P. |display-authors=etal |date=29 November 2023 |title=A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=623 |issue=7989 |pages=932–937 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06692-3 |arxiv=2311.17775 |bibcode=2023Natur.623..932L }}</ref>
<ref name=SA-20231130EdL>{{cite news |last=de Lazaro |first=Enrico |date=30 November 2023 |title=Astronomers discover resonant system of six sub-neptune exoplanets around HD 110067. The bright, nearby star HD 110067 hosts six transiting sub-Neptunes that follow a chain of resonant orbits, according to new research led by University of Chicago astronomers. |website=[[Science News]] (sci.news) |url=https://www.sci.news/astronomy/resonant-system-six-sub-neptune-exoplanets-hd-110067-12496.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231202140812/https://www.sci.news/astronomy/resonant-system-six-sub-neptune-exoplanets-hd-110067-12496.html |archive-date=2 December 2023 }}</ref>
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad |title=HD 110067 |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
<ref name=holmberg2009>{{cite journal |last1=Holmberg |first1=J. |last2=Nordström |first2=B. |last3=Andersen |first3=J. |title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=2009 |volume=501 |issue=3 |page=941 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811191 |arxiv=0811.3982 |bibcode=2009A&A...501..941H }}</ref>
<ref name=yoss1997>{{cite journal |last1=Yoss |first1=K. M. |last2=Griffin |first2=R. F. |title=Radial Velocities and DDO, BV Photometry of Henry Draper G5-M Stars Near the North Galactic Pole |journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy |date=1997 |volume=18 |issue=2–3 |page=161 |doi=10.1007/BF02714877 |bibcode=1997JApA...18..161Y }}</ref>
<ref name=reiners2020>{{cite journal |last1=Reiners |first1=Ansgar |last2=Zechmeister |first2=Mathias |title=Radial Velocity Photon Limits for the Dwarf Stars of Spectral Classes F-M |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |date=2020 |volume=247 |issue=1 |page=11 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ab609f |doi-access=free |arxiv=1912.04120 |bibcode=2020ApJS..247...11R }}</ref>
}}
==Further reading== * {{cite journal |first1=Jacob L. |last1=Bean |first2=Sean N. |last2=Raymond |first3=James E. |last3=Owen |date=22 October 2020 |title=The Nature and Origins of Sub-Neptune Size Planets |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |volume=126 |doi=10.1029/2020JE006639 |arxiv=2010.11867 }}
==External links== <!-- {{Commons category}} --> * {{youTube |U8jQEnpQfBM |HD 110067 – Planetary System (video; 2:33)}} {{2023 in space}} {{Stars of Coma Berenices|collapsed=yes}} {{Portal bar|Astronomy|Biology|Outer space|Star}} [[Category:2023 in outer space]] [[Category:Coma Berenices]] [[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+20 2748]] [[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|110067]] [[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]] [[Category:Planetary systems with six confirmed planets]] [[Category:TESS Objects of Interest|1835]] [[Category:Triple star systems]]