{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Use Oxford spelling|date=May 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Gyalolechia flavovirescens.jpg | image_caption = ''Gyalolechia flavovirescens'' | taxon = Gyalolechia | authority = A.Massal. | type_species = Gyalolechia aurea | type_species_authority = (Schaer.) A.Massal. (1852) | subdivision_ranks = Species }}
'''''Gyalolechia''''' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae.<ref name="CoL"/> It contains about 20 species of crustose lichens.
==Taxonomy== The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. He included two species: ''G. bracteata'' and ''G. aurea''.<ref name="Massalongo 1852"/> Although Massalongo did not designate a type species for the genus, Josef Poelt assigned ''G. aurea'' to that status in 1965.<ref name="Poelt 1965"/> After Massalongo introduced the monotypic genus ''Fulgensia'' in 1853, ''Gyalolechia'' fell out of use.<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/>
''Gyalolechia'' was resurrected for use by Ulf Arup and colleagues in 2013, as part of a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the Teloschistaceae. ''Gyalolechia'', which is sister to the genus ''Blastenia'', contains most of the species formerly assigned to the genus ''Fulgensia'', the species group centred around the taxon formerly known as ''Caloplaca flavorubescens'', and other species that contain fragilin as the dominant lichen product. Twenty-five species were included in the new circumscription of the genus,<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/> but this number has since diminished as several species have been transferred from it to other new genera, including ''Athallia'', ''Cerothallia'', ''Elenkiniana'', ''Laundonia'', ''Mikhtomia'', ''Opeltia'', and ''Oxneriopsis''.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2014"/><ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/>
==Description== The thallus of ''Gyalolechia'' presents as a crust-like structure that can take on various forms, ranging from small scales to {{lichengloss|lobes}} resembling leaves. The {{lichengloss|cortex}}, or outer layer, of the lichen exhibits several distinct types: *False cortex, which resembles a cortex but does not function as one. *Cortex consisting of irregular hyphae, characterized by long and narrow cell {{lichengloss|lumina}} (the spaces within the hyphae). *{{lichengloss|Paraplectenchymatous}} cortex, featuring closely packed hyphae. *Cortex with {{lichengloss|anticlinal|anticlinally}} arranged hyphae, where the hyphae are oriented at right angles, and the cell lumina are oval or oblong. The cell walls in this type of cortex are weakly gelatinized.<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/>
{{lichengloss|Apothecia}}, the reproductive structures of the lichen, start as {{lichengloss|zeorine}} and may transition into a {{lichengloss|biatorine}} form. These structures are typically coloured in shades of orange to brownish-orange and contain anthraquinone compounds. The {{lichengloss|ascospores}} produced by ''Gyalolechia'' lichens exhibit variability in shape and structure. They can be {{lichengloss|polaridiblastic}}, meaning they have a short to long septum. Their walls are thin, and no visible channels are present. Spores can take on fusiform (spindle-shaped), narrowly to broadly ellipsoid (similar to an elongated oval), or pyriform (pear-shaped) shapes. Occasionally, these spores may exhibit a slight curvature.<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/>
The {{lichengloss|pycnidia}} (structures associated with asexual reproduction) of ''Gyaloechia'' are typically orange and can be either unchambered or multi-chambered. The {{lichengloss|conidia}}, which are asexual spores produced within pycnidia, range in shape from bacilliform (rod-shaped) to ellipsoid.<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/>
==Species== {{As of|2026|February}}, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) includes 21 species in ''Gyalolechia''.<ref name="CoL"/> thumb|right|''Gyalolechia fulgens'' * ''Gyalolechia allochroa'' {{au|(Y.Joshi, Vondrák & Hur) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia bracteata'' {{au|(Hoffm.) A.Massal. (1852)}} * ''Gyalolechia canariensis'' {{au|(Follmann & Poelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia cranfieldii'' {{au|(S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia desertorum'' {{au|(Tomin) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia epiphyta'' {{au|(Lynge) Vondrák (2016)}} * ''Gyalolechia epiplacynthium'' {{au|(Etayo) Diederich (2018)}} * ''Gyalolechia farinosa'' {{au|D.L.Niu (2025)}}<ref name="Niu et al. 2025"/> – China * ''Gyalolechia flavovirescens'' {{au|(Wulfen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia fruticum'' {{au|Arup, Nimis & Vondrák (2025)}}<ref name="Arup et al. 2025"/> – Europe * ''Gyalolechia fulgens'' {{au|(Sw.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia fulgida'' {{au|(Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia klementii'' {{au|(Kalb) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia orientoinsularis'' {{au|I.V.Frolov, Himelbr., Stepanch. & Davydov (2025)}}<ref name="Frolov et al. 2025"/> – Commander Islands *''Gyalolechia paradoxa'' {{au|Himelbrant, Stepanchikova & I.V.Frolov (2025)}}<ref name="Frolov et al. 2025"/> – Commander Islands * ''Gyalolechia persimilis'' {{au|(Wetmore) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia pruinosa'' {{au|Körb. (1867)}}<ref name="Körber 1867"/> * ''Gyalolechia pustutata'' {{au|D.L.Niu (2025)}}<ref name="Niu et al. 2025"/> – China * ''Gyalolechia stantonii'' {{au|(W.A.Weber ex Arup) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia stipitata'' {{au|(Wetmore) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia subbracteata'' {{au|(Nyl.) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}} * ''Gyalolechia xanthostigmoidea'' {{au|(Räsänen) Søchting, Frödén & Arup (2013)}}
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Arup et al. 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Arup |first1=Ulf |last2=Søchting |first2=Ulrik |last3=Frödén |first3=Patrik |title=A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |volume=31 |issue=1 |year=2013 |pages=16–83 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x}}</ref>
<ref name="Arup et al. 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Arup |first1=Ulf |last2=Nimis |first2=Pier Luigi |last3=Vondrák |first3=Jan |last4=Svoboda |first4=Stanislav |last5=Søchting |first5=Ulrik |title=A new epiphytic species of ''Gyalolechia'' with a maritime, Mediterranean-Macaronesian distribution |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=57 |issue=2 |date=2025 |issn=0024-2829 |doi=10.1017/S0024282925000052 |doi-access=free |pages=53–60}}</ref>
<ref name="CoL">{{Catalogue of Life |id=4RP8 |title=''Gyalolechia'' |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="Frolov et al. 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Frolov |first1=Ivan V. |last2=Himelbrant |first2=Dmitry E. |last3=Stepanchikova |first3=Irina S. |last4=Prokopiev |first4=Ilya A. |last5=Korznikov |first5=Kirill |last6=Zueva |first6=Anna S. |title=The Commander Islands as a hotspot for Teloschistales diversity in the North Pacific: a meeting point for different lichen biotas |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=57 |issue=3-4 |year=2025 |doi=10.1017/S0024282925101035 |pages=116–143}}</ref>
<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Kondratyuk |first1=S.Y. |last2=Jeong |first2=M.-H. |last3=Yu |first3=N.-N. |last4=Kärnefelt |first4=I. |last5=Thell |first5=A. |last6=Elix |first6=J.A. |last7=Kim |first7=J. |last8=Kondratiuk |first8=A.S. |last9=Hur |first9=J.-S. |year=2014 |title=A revised taxonomy for the subfamily Caloplacoideae (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=56 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–123 |doi=10.1556/abot.56.2014.1-2.10}}</ref>
<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Kondratyuk |first1=S.Y. |last2=Lőkös |first2=L. |last3=Upreti |first3=D.K. |last4=Nayaka |first4=S. |last5=Mishra |first5=G.K. |last6=Ravera |first6=S. |last7=Jeong |first7=M.-H. |last8=Jang |first8=S.-H. |last9=Park |first9=J.S. |last10=Hur |first10=J.S. |year=2017 |title=New monophyletic branches of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota) proved by three gene phylogeny |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=59 |issue=1–2 |pages=71–136 |doi=10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.6 |hdl=10447/414429 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Körber 1867">{{cite journal |last=Körber |first=G.W. |year=1867 |title=Lichenes novi in Dalmatia lecti |journal=Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien |volume=17 |pages=703–708 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42856984}}</ref>
<ref name="Massalongo 1852">{{cite book |last=Massalongo |first=A.B. |year=1852 |title=Ricerche sull'autonomia dei licheni crostosi |page=17 |language=la |location=Verona |publisher=Dalla tipografia di A. Frizierio |url=https://archive.org/details/ricerchesullaut00massgoog/page/n38/mode/2up}}</ref>
<ref name="Niu et al. 2025">{{cite journal |last1=Niu |first1=Dong Ling |last2=Liu |first2=Zhan Jun |last3=Liang |first3=Yong Liang |last4=Kong |first4=Fang Yi |last5=Zhang |first5=Xin Yue |last6=Wang |first6=Si Ying |title=Two new ''Gyalolechia'' species (Teloschistaceae) from Helan Mountain in China and an identification key for this genus |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=691 |issue=1 |year=2025 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.691.1.6 |pages=74–82}}</ref>
<ref name="Poelt 1965">{{cite journal |last=Poelt |first=J. |year=1965 |title=Über einige Artengruppen der Flechtengattungen ''Caloplaca'' und ''Fulgensia'' |journal=Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München |volume=5 |pages=571–607 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15204462}}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q26208178}}
Category:Teloschistales Category:Teloschistales genera Category:Lichen genera Category:Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Category:Taxa described in 1852