{{Short description|Somali sage}} {{Infobox person | name = Guled Haji <br> Guleed Axmed Sugule | image = Haji Guled center 1906.png | alt = | caption = Guled Haji (center) in 1906 | birth_name = Guled Ahmed Sugule | birth_date = 1820s | birth_place = | death_date = 1907 | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = Aqil | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }}
'''Guled Haji''' ({{langx|so|Guuleed Axmed Sugulle}}; 1820s–1907) was a Somali sage and the ''Aqil'' or leader of the Baha Sugule branch of the powerful Rer Ainanshe Habr Yunis. The Rer Ainashe are the traditional rulers of the Habr Yunis Sultanate.<ref>''British Somaliland'' by Drake Brockman, p. 79 - 82, 1912</ref><ref>Cosmos: communicazioni sui progressi recenti e notevoli della geografia e delle scienze affini di Guido Cora, p.201</ref>
==Biography== Guled had completed the Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah and adopted the honorific ''Hajji'' title and was referred to as such rather than his full name. He was a grandson of the first Sultan of the Habr Yunis Sugulleh Ainashe.<ref>''British Somaliland'' by Drake Brockman, p. 79 - 82, 1912</ref> According to Italian explorer Enrico Baudi i Vesme, who visited Burao in 1889, Guled Haji was a prominent chief of Burao ranking second only to Sultan Awad Deria.<ref>Cosmos: communicazioni sui progressi recenti e notevoli della geografia e delle scienze affini di Guido Cora p. 201</ref> Guled Haji has a town named after him in the Oodweyne district of Togdheer.<ref> Gazetteer of Somalia: Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names, 1982, pp.128</ref><ref>Etiopia rassegna illustrata dell'Impero, 1947, vol. 7, pp.16.</ref>
===Proverbs=== Guled was known for his wise speech and proverbs and he gave birth to hundreds of them in the Somali language and some are still used in the present day.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Andrzejewski|first1=B.W|date=1978 |title=Accentual Patterns in Verbal Forms in the Isaaq dialect of Somali |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/610131 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume= 18|issue=1 |pages=103–129|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00122232|jstor=610131|url-access=subscription}}</ref> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ceel biyo lihi ma foga| A well which has water is never far}}{{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Hadaan idin sheego imikaad so dilisaan| If I tell you you'll conflict will erupt}}
The Habr Je'lo had asked Guled which man among them was the wisest but he responded with this remark "if i divulge his name, you would instantly kill him" by pronouncing him the wiset Guuleed a famous sage words would sentence such a man to death making him a target for revenge. Somali nomads usually seek the best of men for their revenge killings. Guled was keen to preserve harmony and as a powerful individual he was aware his words carried weight.
===War with Hersi Aman=== Sultan Hersi Aman's increasing grip and autocratic rule over the Habr Yunis had fermented some resentment amongst his direct subclan (Rer Sugule) and some stood to challenge him. Guled had a fallout with Sultan Hersi and his son was killed by one of Hersis' sons in battle. Hersi's son approached his father and implored him to pay the traditional ''mag'' compensation to Guled for the loss of his child. Hersi arrogantly rebuffed his son and all-out conflict would break out between Ba Awal (Hersi's branch) and Baho Sugule branches of the Rer Sugule.
Fighting would continue and one Baha Sugulle leading warrior Warsame Dhakaar had slain 3 brothers of Ba Awal . Pressured to spare the 4th teenager brother Jama Ammume (Jama Warsame "Dhinbiil" Yusuf sultan Diiriye) also known as " Ammume (the Mute)" a great-grandson of Sultan Deria Sugule who was from a different house "Bah" (wife of sultan Deria). Warsame reluctantly pressured by his men urging him not to make the mother virtually childless at her age, he relented adding a contemptuous remark "'''Having killed all her worthy sons let her use this one begging for offals'''."These words have deeply injured the Mute, so much that he couldn't hide it and had to admit it in his poem after killing Warsame "'''now that i have quenched my thirst healing my festering wound from his injurious mouth'''", during the next clash Jama would mortally wound Warsame and recited his first ever poem . In it, he praises his horse 'Hamar' that performed well that day and speaks about Warsame. These poems were recorded by Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti in his 1889 article.<ref>Rendiconti by Reale Accademia dei Lincei; Reale Osservatorio del Campidoglio published 1889. Page 227-228.</ref>
{{poemquote| ''Col aloosan Xamarow haddii xalay la ugaanshay'' ''Heensaha hadddaan kugu itibay goor aleyl dhexe ah'' ''Indhaalaha haddaan kuu xidh-xidhay suuman la adkeeyay'' ''Isha bari hadii loo kiciyo awrtii reer Sugule'' ''Kuwii lays aqoon jiray haddii lagu ogaan duulay'' ''Abaanduule Guuleed [Guled Haji] hadii ubaxa loo gooyay'' ''Waa boqor agtiisa'e hadday "alelegtii" yeedh'dhay'' ''Usha Daba-xidh ooddiyo haddii laysu wada giijay'' ''Eebada haddii laysku riday ilig-jartii hooto'' ''Abdikayba intii hore hadaan dabo adeegaayay'' ''Kolku ina qolyaeedkii sidii aarka nagu qayshay'' ''Anigoo aqoon jirin haddii lay ogeysiiyay'' ''Onkad baxay la moodyow kolkan amarka qaadsiiyay'' ''Doc aroorka uguma tago orodka siibshaaye'' ''Oogada hadduu igala maray agabarkuu joogay'' ''Anna Awlaxaan siday haddaan oofta midig gooyay'' ''Kol haddaan Warsame aayiroon Baho agoomeeyay'' ''Kol haddaan Ugaaskii ka dilay u ololiyeynaayay'' ''Kol hadaan ka oon baxay afku aramigu jiifay'' ''Alxamdu lilaa Eebaw haddaan umalkii qaar reebay''}}
====Death of Hersi Aman==== {{main|Hersi Aman}} The Sultan Hersi himself was killed in previous battles making his clan belligerent pushing the war even though in all purpose have been defeated. At last offered an honorable offer they accepted the terms when Warsame having killed 3 brothers of their clan, hearing of the amount of the restitutions in livestocks in the hundreds collected from everyman including Warsame, Warsame scornfully replied '''"let the herds of the coward be collected for such compensations, am not"''' that and killing the 3 brothers ignited the war again killin the compromise deal. A widow lamenting the loss of her husband Gaydh, and her brother Mohammed Golaxle (the funnel chested) Pectus excavatum including Sultan Xirsi, she urged her son Ali to avenege his father and others and she scathingly emasculated others for living under the hemp of women's skirt other relatives in this poem.<ref>Rendiconti by Reale Accademia dei Lincei; Reale Osservatorio del Campidoglio published 1885. Page 228.</ref> {{poemquote| ''Calow gaydha waxa iigu wacan geeridaan qabo'e'' ''Caawaba gelin dhexaadkaan hadba gogosha taabtaaye'' ''Gamas baa ku dhacay aabahaa goraygii dheeraaye'' ''Gacmo jeedlaow Warsamaey gudurii siiyeene'' ''Gaashaan-cade Muxumed bay giringirsheen meele'' ''Mohammed Golaxley dhigeen geedkii Lebi-Cawle'' ''Xirsigi madaxa ahaa waa gawraceen gacal ha waayaane''}}
One of the sons of the Sultan recited these lines in a reply to Warsame's line. {{poemquote| ''Jidhkii ina Amaan iyo la waa jalanqayaashiiye'' ''Jirid nimaan lahayn baa baqee taydu ii jarane'' ''Hadii nabada jeelkeeda la helo waa anoon jirine'' ''Jillow baan ahay haddi aabahay joogi lagu raadin''}}
====Continuation of the War==== Following Hersi's death the Rer Sugule gathered and the issue of compensation for the Sultan's death was a pressing issue. The conflict originally starting because no compensation had been paid to Guled Haji for his son. They decided that none would be paid for Xirsi the instigator or his son but the rest were compensated (the numbers of killings surpassing the other party) difference in death.
Maxamed Bulxan's poem touches on the unique nature of the meeting {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Waa beeyo Habar Yoonistii bu’aha waallayde Reer Sugulle gooddiga bankuu baalcaddii dhigaye Iyana baarax uma soo shiraan beri samaadkiiye |attr1= Maxamed Bulxan ''Dal Dhammeeye''<ref>War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.67</ref>| with crazed daring the Habr Yunis were once famed, no more barvado now soft as a reisen. Non of Sugule clansmen remains ( nothing left of once the men who welded those swords) but their short-swords abandoned on the plains. Merry they never gather or assemble happily like their old days }}
Despite this 2 year conflict culminating in Hersi's death it would not entirely end. Both Awad Deria and Nur Ahmed Aman were proclaimed Sultan by their respective branches (Baho Sugule and Ba Awal respectively) with Sultan Nur eventually triumphing as the uncontested Sultan. Guled was a strong supporter of Sultan Awad and during the period of division, the rival sultans would split Habr Yunis territory in two and the lucrative caravan routes to tax. Sultan Nur held the Jerato pass and Tuuyo plains and his rival Sultan Awad Deria secured Burao as his base until his death, with Sultan Nur ultimately taking control of it.<ref>The Academy: a weekly review of literature, science, and art. Volume 35, 1889, p.126</ref><ref>British Somaliland by Drake Brockman, pp.79 - 82</ref>
==See also== *Hersi Aman *Awad Deria *Burao *Garhajis
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guled Haji}} Category:Somalian Muslims Category:19th-century Somali people Category:20th-century Somalian people Category:1820s births Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1908 deaths Category:Ethnic Somali people Category:19th-century poets Category:Somalian poets Category:People from Burao