Guettarda

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Guettardia2.jpg | image_caption = ''Guettarda speciosa'' | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Guettarda | authority = L. (1753) | type_species = ''Guettarda speciosa'' | type_species_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 145; see text | subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:34671-1 ''Guettarda'' L.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 8 April 2024.</ref> | synonyms = *''Cadamba'' {{small|Sonn. (1782)}} *''Dicrobotryum'' {{small|Willd. ex Schult. (1819)}} *''Donkelaaria'' {{small|Lem. (1855)}} *''Edechia'' {{small|Loefl. (1758)}} *''Halesia'' {{small|P.Browne (1756)}} *''Laugieria'' {{small|Jacq. (1760)}} *''Matthiola'' {{small|Plum. ex L. (1753), nom. rej.}} *''Sardinia'' {{small|Vell. (1829)}} *''Viviania'' {{small|Raf. (1814)}} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo/> }}

'''''Guettarda''''' is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name '''velvetseed'''.

== Distribution == Most of the species are Neotropical.<ref name="mabberley2008">David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}</ref> Twenty are found in New Caledonia and one reaches Australia.<ref name="enc">{{cite book |author1=W. Rodger Elliot |author2=David L. Jones |author3=Trevor L. Blake |title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5|year=1990|page=162 |publisher=Lothian Press |location=Port Melbourne |isbn=0-85091-285-7}}</ref> A few others are found on islands and in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is a tree of coastal habitats, up to {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height.

== Taxonomy == Three species (''G. odorata, G. scabra, G. speciosa'') are known in cultivation.<ref name="rhs">Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening.'' The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. {{ISBN|978-0-333-47494-5}} (set)</ref> ''Guettarda argentea'' provides edible fruit.<ref name="mabberley2008" /> The type species for the genus is ''Guettarda speciosa''.<ref name="ingguettarda">''Guettarda'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see ''External links'' below).</ref>

''Guettarda'' was named by Linnaeus in 1753 in his book ''Species Plantarum''.<ref name="ipniguettarda">''Guettarda'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).</ref><ref name="linnaeus1753">Carl Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' (Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas / Caroli Linnæe.): 2:991. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii: Stockholm, Sweden. (see External links below).</ref> This generic name is in honour of the 18th century French naturalist Jean-Étienne Guettard.<ref name="quattrocchi2000">Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC; USA. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2676-9}}. (vol. II).</ref>

The genus ''Guettarda'' is much in need of revision. Molecular phylogenetic studies have found it to be several times polyphyletic with some of its clades paraphyletic over small genera.<ref name="manns2010">Ulrika Manns and Birgitta Bremer. 2010. "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''56'''(1):21-39. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002}}</ref>

==Species== ''Plants of the World Online'' currently accepts 145 species, which are listed below.<ref name = powo/> Other estimates of the number of species range from about 50<ref name="rhs" /> to 162.<ref name="kewguettarda">''Guettarda'' At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see ''External links'' below).</ref>

{{columns-list| *''Guettarda abbottii'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda aculeolata'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda adulterina'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda amblyophylla'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda andamanica'' {{small|Goel & Mehrotra}} *''Guettarda angelica'' Martius *''Guettarda angustata'' Urb. & Ekman<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Timyan, J. |date=2021 |title=''Guettarda angustata'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T121947222A121986360 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T121947222A121986360.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> *''Guettarda apiculata'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda argentea'' Lam. *''Guettarda aromatica'' {{small|Poepp.}} *''Guettarda artensis'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda baladensis'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda baltenweckii'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda baracoensis'' {{small|Bisse}} *''Guettarda barahonensis'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda blanchetiana'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda brenesii'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda brevinodis'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda caatingae'' {{small|Suess.}} * ''Guettarda cahosiana'' Urb. & Ekman<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Timyan, J. |date=2021 |title=''Guettarda cahosiana'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T121947309A121986375 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T121947309A121986375.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> * ''Guettarda calcicola'' {{small|Britton}} * ''Guettarda calyptrata'' {{small|A.Rich.}} * ''Guettarda camagueyensis'' {{small|Britton}} * ''Guettarda clarensis'' {{small|Britton}} * ''Guettarda coatzacoalcensis'' {{small|Ramos & Borhidi}} * ''Guettarda cobrensis'' {{small|Standl.}} * ''Guettarda colubrinoides'' {{small|Standl.}} * ''Guettarda comata'' Standley *''Guettarda combsii'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda comosa'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda cordata'' {{small|Kunth}} *''Guettarda coxiana'' {{small|Britton}} *''Guettarda crassipes'' {{small|Britton}} *''Guettarda crenulata'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda cueroensis'' {{small|Britton}} *''Guettarda davidseorum'' {{small|Lorence}} *''Guettarda dealbata'' {{small|M.Martens & Galeotti}} *''Guettarda deamii'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda dictyophylla'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda divaricata'' {{small|(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Standl.}} *''Guettarda duckei'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda ekmanii'' {{small|Borhidi}} *''Guettarda elegans'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda elliptica'' Sprengel – oval-leaf velvetseed *''Guettarda elongata'' {{small|Borhidi, K.Velasco & Vásq.-Mart.}} *''Guettarda erosa'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda excisa'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda ferox'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda ferruginea'' {{small|Griseb.}} *''Guettarda filipes'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda foliacea'' {{small|Standl.}} * ''Guettarda frangulifolia'' Urban *''Guettarda frondosa'' {{small|Moritz ex Standl.}} *''Guettarda fusca'' {{small|Pancher ex Baill.}} *''Guettarda gaumeri'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda grazielae'' {{small|M.R.Barbosa}} *''Guettarda guerrerensis'' {{small|Borhidi}} *''Guettarda hermosa'' {{small|Blanco}} *''Guettarda heterosepala'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda hoffmannseggii'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda humboldtensis'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda hypoglauca'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda inaequipes'' {{small|Urb.}} * ''Guettarda insularis'' Brandegee * ''Guettarda krugii'' Urban *''Guettarda lacornea'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda lamprophylla'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda lanuginosa'' {{small|Urb. & Britton}} *''Guettarda leai'' {{small|Ridl.}} *''Guettarda leonis'' {{small|Alain}} *''Guettarda lindeniana'' {{small|A.Rich.}} * ''Guettarda longiflora'' Grisebach *''Guettarda macrantha'' {{small|Benth.}} *''Guettarda macrosperma'' {{small|Donn.Sm.}} *''Guettarda malacophylla'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda mattogrossensis'' {{small|S.Moore}} *''Guettarda membranacea'' {{small|Sw.}} *''Guettarda mephitica'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda mollis'' {{small|DC.}} *''Guettarda monocarpa'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda multinervis'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda munizii'' {{small|Borhidi}} *''Guettarda nannocarpa'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda nashii'' {{small|Britton & Millsp.}} *''Guettarda nervosa'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda ocoana'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda ocoteifolia'' {{small|Standl.}} * ''Guettarda odorata'' Lamarck *''Guettarda organosia'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda ovalifolia'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda oxyphylla'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda paludosa'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda parallelineura'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda pinariona'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda platypoda'' {{small|DC.}} *''Guettarda pohliana'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda polytheca'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda preneloupii'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda psiloclada'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda punctata'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} *''Guettarda pungens'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda quadrifida'' {{small|Borhidi & Reyes-García}} *''Guettarda ramuliflora'' {{small|Beurl.}} * {{Dagger}}''Guettarda retusa'' C. Wright – Cuban guettarda tree – extinct (1869)<ref name="iucn status 14 November 2021">{{cite iucn|title=''Guettarda retusa''|article-number=e.T38848A149816916|author=Gonzalez-Oliva, L.|date=2020|volume=2020|access-date=14 November 2021|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T38848A149816916.en}}</ref> *''Guettarda rhabdocalyx'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda rhamnifolia'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda rigida'' {{small|A.Rich.}} *''Guettarda roigiana'' {{small|Borhidi & O.Muñiz}} *''Guettarda rotundifolia'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda roupaliifolia'' {{small|Rusby}} *''Guettarda rusbyi'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda sageretioides'' {{small|Ant.Molina}} *''Guettarda sanblasensis'' {{small|Dwyer}} *''Guettarda saxicola'' {{small|Urb.}} * ''Guettarda scabra'' Lamarck – rough-leaf velvetseed *''Guettarda sciaphila'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda sericea'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda shaferi'' {{small|Standl.}} *''Guettarda sierrae'' {{small|P.A.González & J.L.Gómez}} *''Guettarda sotonunezii'' {{small|Borhidi, E.Martínez & Ramos}} * ''Guettarda speciosa'' L. – beach gardenia *''Guettarda spinifera'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda splendens'' {{small|Baill.}} *''Guettarda spruceana'' {{small|Müll.Arg.}} *''Guettarda stenophylla'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda subcapitata'' {{small|C.M.Taylor}} *''Guettarda tenuiramis'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda tikalana'' {{small|Lundell}} *''Guettarda tobagensis'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda torbeciana'' {{small|Urb. & Ekman}} * ''Guettarda tortuensis'' Urb. & Ekman<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Timyan, J. |date=2021 |title=''Guettarda tortuensis'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T121947426A121986450 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T121947426A121986450.fr |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> *''Guettarda trimera'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda turpinii'' {{small|Urb.}} *''Guettarda umbellata'' {{small|Spreng.}} *''Guettarda undulata'' {{small|Griseb.}} *''Guettarda urbanii'' {{small|Ekman}} * ''Guettarda uruguayensis'' Chamisso & Schlechtendal – Uruguayan jasmine *''Guettarda valenzuelana'' {{small|A.Rich.}} *''Guettarda velutina'' {{small|Zahlbr.}} *''Guettarda viburnoides'' {{small|Cham. & Schltdl.}} *''Guettarda vieillardii'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda vulpina'' {{small|Borhidi}} *''Guettarda wagapensis'' {{small|Guillaumin}} *''Guettarda wayaensis'' {{small|R.O.Gardner}} }}

===Formerly placed here=== *''Tinadendron noumeanum'' {{small|(Baill.) Achille}} (as ''Guettarda noumeana'' Baill.) *''Tournefortiopsis crispiflora'' subsp. ''discolor'' {{small|(Rusby) A.C.Berger & C.M.Taylor}} (as ''Guettarda ochreata'' Schechtendal)

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Guettarda&page=quickSearch ''Guettarda''] At: [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do?checklist=rubiaceae%40%40025250120110104024 Search Page] At: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130437/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/WorldRubiChecklist.html World Checklist of Rubiaceae] At: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230523/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/indexbyteam.html#Rubi Index by Team] At: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231134226/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/projects/index.html Projects] At: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228134853/http://www.kew.org/science/directory/ Science Directory] At: [http://www.kew.org/science-research-data/index.htm Scientific Research and Data] At: [http://www.kew.org Kew Gardens] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26068962 ''Guettarda''] In: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84236 Volume 2] Of: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37656 ''Species Plantarum''] At: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/titles/S Titles beginning with "S"] At: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/titles Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Guettarda ''Guettarda''] At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/ Index Nominum Genericorum] At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references References] At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany] At: [http://www.mnh.si.edu/rc/ Research and Collections] At: [http://www.mnh.si.edu/ Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History] * [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/43488 ''Guettarda''] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169628 Guettardeae] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/169619 Cinchonoideae] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/24966 Rubiaceae] In: ··· [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3193 Embryophyta] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/131221 Streptophytina] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/35493 Streptophyta] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/33090 Viridiplantae] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/2759 Eudaryota] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/ Taxonomy] At: [https://www.uniprot.org/ UniProt] * [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedplants/?str=Guettarda+&fld= ''Guettarda''] At: [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedplants/ Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawaii] At: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101214050118/http://bishopmuseum.org//research/natsci/botany/botdbhome.html Botany Databases] At: [http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/hbsdb.html HBS Databases] At: [http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/hbs1.html HBS] At: [http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/research.html Research and Collections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214062146/http://bishopmuseum.org///research/research.html |date=2010-12-14 }} At: [http://www.bishopmuseum.org/ Bishop Museum] * [https://frutopedia.com/pt-br/fruta/veludinho-vermelho ''Guettarda'' At: Frutopedia: ''Guettarda Pohliana'']

Category:Guettarda Category:Rubiaceae genera Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Guettarda

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